全球化(globalization)一词,是一种概念,也是一种人类社会发展的现象过程。全球化目前有诸多定义,通常意义上的全球化是指全球联系不断增强,人类生活在全球规模的基础上发展及全球意识的崛起。国与国之间在政治、经济贸易上互相依存。全球化亦可以解释为世界的压缩和视全球为一个整体。二十世纪九十年代后,随着全球化势力对人类社会影响层面的扩张,已逐渐引起各国政治、教育、社会及文化等学科领域的重视,引发大规模的研究热潮。对于“全球化”的观感是好是坏,目前仍是见仁见智,例如全球化对于本土文化来说就是一把双刃剑,它也会使得本土文化的内涵与自我更新能力逐渐模糊与丧失。
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Zamir Ahmed Awan: Post-Election: Visible impact in Pakistan
Imran Khan, PTI chairman. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] Imran Khan, PTI chairman. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] The general election in Pakistan was held on July 25,2018. The result of this election was of great satisfaction for the people of Pakistan. Before the election, various speculations were floated in the media, like the election will be rigged, postponed, sabotaged, bring instability to the country, prompt terrorism, extremism, ethnic polarity and such. All such rumors were proven wrong and proved to be negative propaganda against Pakistan. In fact, the election was very much free and fair and the people of Pakistan expressed their choice under no outside pressure. The authenticity of the election was verified by international observers and media. Law and order was under control on polling day in almost all parts of the country. Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) won and is in the process of forming a federal government, as well as in the two provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkhua (KP). PTI was established 22 years ago and was struggling hard for a change in society. Finally, hard work and a long struggle of 22 years were fruitful and now the people of Pakistan are celebrating a big victory. PTI is a political force of youth, the middle class and lower class. PTI believes in merit, transparency, and justice for all. Unfortunately, Pakistan was ruled most of time in its history by a feudal elite who became richer after coming into power, while the middle class and lower class always have had to pay the cost of their luxury. A visible change was witnessed just within a few days after the PTI’s victory in Pakistan. The country has shown more stability and negative propaganda against Pakistan turned out to be wrong, terrorism has gone down, and extremism and ethnic polarity has reduced sharply. As a result, the country’s stock exchange has improved gradually. Business community has shown trust and confidence in his leadership. Pakistani currency has become stronger day by day against US dollars and all other major foreign currencies. The trend in improving economy is very much visible and encouraging. International institutions have shown more trust in Pakistan. International community has welcomed the outcome of the election and extended support to PTI. American State department and Indian Prime minister has contacted him already. China is the first country to provide financial assistance to the new government and followed by Saudi Arabia; Islamic Development Bank has also pledged very well. PTI Chairman Imran Khan made his maiden speech on July 26 just after winning the election, and announced his domestic priorities, as well as international relations. He specifically mentioned China and CPEC in his speech, and clarified all mis-concepts about his vision about China. In 2013, there were general elections held in Pakistan, and as a result Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), PML-N came into power. But, PTI was of the opinion that the elections were rigged and unfair. Imran Khanlodged protests and complained to respective authorities, but PML-N was not cooperating. As a result, he was not left any other option, except protest "Dharna" in front of National Assembly Democracy Chock, Islamabad, in 2014. It caused postponement of the official visit of Chinese president Xi Jinping to Pakistan. Since then, there was a misunderstanding that PTI might not welcome the Chinese president’s visit. During my last visit to China, just before the elections, I noticed that there existed concerns in Chinese society regarding PTI, and they were worried if PTI won the election, there might be a setback to Pakistan-China relations or a setback to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). I tried to convince my Chinese friends that the relations between Pakistan and China are so strong that a change of government will have no negative impact on it. Our relations are time tested, all weather and strategic in nature. It cannot be harmed by any government change in either country. CPEC is our strategic decision and backed by the people of Pakistan. There will be no harm, whoever comes into power. CPEC is guaranteed by the Pakistan army. I have published several articles in the mainstream media, addressing the Chinese concerns. Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan Mr. Yao Jing met Chairman PTI Imran Khan on 30 July 2018. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan Mr. Yao Jing met Chairman PTI Imran Khan on 30 July 2018. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] However, now, I would like to break the good news that PTI Chairman Imran Khan likes China and supports CPEC. He is very much impressed by China’s rapid development during the last four decades, especially how China pulled 700 million people from poverty. He wants to learn from the Chinese experience. He appreciated the anti-graft campaign launched in China. He wants to learn about this experience from China too. Yesterday, on 30 July 2016, Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan went to his residence to congratulate on his victory. Based on his personality, I may convey, that during his tenure, Pakistan-China friendship will reach new records. Regarding CPEC, he believes in transparency and merit, he will speed up projects under CPEC and improve efficiency by curbing corruption and nepotism. The Chinese Foreign Ministry also has expressed similar sentiments. I request to Chinese companies and investors involved in CPEC, to have full faith and trust in the new government. I wish that CPEC will be a win-win situation and beneficial for both "Iron Brothers". About Author Zamir Ahmed Awan is a senior fellow with Center for China and Globalization(CCG) and a sinologist at the National University of Sciences and Technology.
2018年8月2日 -
Zamir Ahmed Awan: Saluting Pakistan-China military tie
Chinese troops participate in the Pakistan National Day Parade in Islamabad on March 23, 2017. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] Chinese troops participate in the Pakistan National Day Parade in Islamabad on March 23, 2017. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] Congratulations to the People’s Liberation Army of China on the occasion of its 91st birthday. Founded Aug 1, 1927, it has a great history of achievements across the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45), liberation of China, and post-liberation socioeconomic development of China. The PLA is comprised of Ground Forces, Air Forces, Navy, Rocket Forces and Strategic Support Forces. Its strength is 2.2 million, which is almost 0.18 percent of the whole population, and it is one of the largest armed forces in the world. The PLA is responsible for the protection of the geographical borders of China, the domestic law and order as well as the ideology of the Party. In addition, the PLA contributes to the national economy and social development of the country, as well as the education sector of China and in managing good universities and research centers. The armed forces serve as a major source of high-quality research and development for civilian technologies and commercialization. They provide state-of-the-art health facilities throughout the country, and have industrialization programs as well as those for managing enterprises. In the early stages, just after liberation in 1949, the PLA played a role in the agricultural sector to ensure food security. China’s armed forces understand social responsibility and helping society to develop in all dimensions. The PLA also promotes world peace and is one of the major sources of UN peacekeeping forces, having completed several peacekeeping missions around the world. It also provides training and consulting to the developing world to be self-sustaining and self-reliant. The PLA and the Armed forces of Pakistan have a long history of friendship. General Geng Biao, ambassador of China to Pakistan from 1956 to 1959, is the real architect of the Pakistan-China friendship, establishing strong collaboration between the armed forces of the two neighboring states. He was purposefully appointed ambassador to Pakistan, as it was a time when Pakistan was ruled by military rulers. Presidents Sikandar Mirza and Ayub Khan both had army backgrounds. General Geng got along very well with the Pakistani leadership at that time, as they had a common background with similar hobbies such as hunting. Within no time, General Geng Biao achieved complete harmony with them. Both armies received strong support from each other. General Geng Biao, Chinese ambassador to Pakistan from 1956 to 1959. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] General Geng Biao, Chinese ambassador to Pakistan from 1956 to 1959. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] The Pakistan Armed forces -- which also include ground forces, air forces and navy -- are also responsible for geographical borders as well as domestic security and ideology. The Pakistan Army is managing schools, colleges and universities to provide quality education to the people of Pakistan. They are also overseeing a chain of good hospitals in almost all districts of Pakistan to extend healthcare to the people of Pakistan. The armed forces are Pakistan, and they are always there to rescue individuals in any disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, accidents, fires, terrorism or any unexpected incidents. The armed forces support the national economy in the form of enterprises. Relations between the armed forces of China and Pakistan are exemplary and complementary. We have training exchange programs as well as joint military exercises. Frequent goodwill visits and sports activities among the two forces provide opportunities to promote mutual understanding. Relations between the two armed forces are the backbone of relations between the two states. China-Pakistan joint military exercises [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] China-Pakistan joint military exercises [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] Pakistan is proud of having a neighbor and friend like China. With the passage of time collaboration between the two forces will further strengthen and ensure the security and stability of the whole region. About Author Zamir Ahmed Awan is a senior fellow with Center for China and Globalization(CCG) and a sinologist at the National University of Sciences and Technology.
2018年8月2日 -
Peace in Afghanistan will change situation in the whole region
Leaders of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states issued a declaration on June 10 at annual summit held in China’s coastal city of Qingdao. [Photo/VCG]
2018年6月26日 -
Laurence Brahm: Never underestimate a single idea
Never underestimate the butterfly effect of a single idea. It can deliver unexpected outcomes. And the implications can reach further than imagined.
2018年5月11日 -
龙安志:跨越喜玛拉雅,中印携手共舞
龙安志,全球化智库(CCG)特邀高级研究员 不论是在中国还是印度,龙和虎都是力量和活力的象征。而且根据中国的风水之说,龙和虎还彼此平衡对应,以维持世界的繁荣与和平。而在印度教的神话中,掌管着众生万物延续与福祉的“维护之神”毗湿奴也恰好是躺在众多巨蛇之上。 4月末的这场中印首脑会晤似乎也在回应着上面文化上的某种契合。两国作为传承人类文明遗产的古国,数千年来经济和文化的交流一直绵延未决。4月28号到29号,习近平主席和莫迪总理在武汉预示着古代海上丝路的再次启航。 作为世界贸易和商业体系的丝绸之路延续了千年之久。近代200多年来由于历史的原因,中印两国这种传统的交流被暂时打断,但这也只是数千年来两国互通互融的一段插曲。现在大幕又将重新拉开。武汉会晤必将载入两国交往的史册。中印再度携手成为重塑世界的力量。 通过政策协调,两国可以依靠技术、通讯和数字金融的支持来实现智慧基建的融合对接。目前在人工智能和量子通讯领域,中国是最大的投资国。而印度则是当今世界软件外包和IT咨询产业的翘楚。在数字金融体系和移动手机网络的投资和消费上,中印两国都处在世界的前列。低价智能手机的普及,帮助各种探索性的金融贷款在广大偏远地区实现落地。未来创新的中心将会从硅谷转移到一个弧形的地带。其中包括深圳—香港所在的大湾区以及印度的班加罗尔。我们现在要解决的就是如何更好地实现两个区域的融合。 中国倡议的“一带一路”和印度的“东进行动”都为这种融合提供了清晰的蓝图。近几年来,喜马拉雅共识的年会一直呼吁两项政策要更好的同步协调而不是彼此孤立。亚投行和金砖新发展银行是“一带一路”倡议的主要融资支持机构。如果我们知道印度是这两大机构的第二大出资国的话,就不会武断地说印度不是“一带一路”的参与方。如果两国能够很好地协调各自在基建和通讯方面的政策,中印都将从中获益。作为开发可再生能源创新可行性商业方案的领导国家,中印可以发展出智慧、环保和绿色的新基建。 环境和气候变化问题无疑是当前最需要两国进行信息互通和政策协调的领域。两国共同掌管着我们这个星球最为至关重要的宝库——喜马拉雅冰川。从中亚到南亚再到东南亚的数条河流都发源于此。这些河流滋养了沿岸近四分之一的世界人口。数千条国际河流的水资源分享和保护成为该区域的一大挑战。作为本地区的两个大国,中印两国应该通力合作防止在这一区域出现前所未有的水资源危机。这样的危机不但会造成水价暴涨也会威胁到本地民众的食物安全和健康安全。如果再加上自然灾害,那么势必造成难民危机和地区动荡。 基于此,印度知名人士、喜马拉雅共识的委员曼汗德?拉马(Mahendra Lama)在2016年就提议建立民间和智库交流机制来应对当前的危机和冲突。只有这样才是治本之举。2018年的喜马拉雅共识年会上,联合国驻中国地区协调员尼科拉斯?罗斯里尼(Nicholas Rosselini)宣布启动“丝路对话”,致力于以环境和技术对话来提升中印两国的关系。 印度前外长同时也是喜马拉雅共识委员的鲁帕玛?拉奥(Nirupama Rao)此前也呼吁成立喜马拉雅委员会起草宪章来协调本地区在气候变化问题上的立场和行动。 当今世界局势波诡云谲。一些目光短视的西方政治家和决策者为了一时小利而致气候危机和人类福祉于不顾。所以当务之急我们需要寻找新的应对气候危机和战争灾难的方案。我们或许可以从中印两国的古代先贤们的教诲中寻找到答案。欧洲需要平衡发展,非洲要与中印同步,南美也要紧随潮流。 为了地球的未来,我们每一个人都应该协调一致共同努力。假如地球都不存在了,“某一个国家优先”都战略也就根本无从谈起了。我们要明白“人类命运共同体”的愿景真的是关系着我们这个星球上的每一个人。或许现在要依靠东方国家来为我们这个世界行动了。 文章选自中国日报网,2018年4月28日
2018年5月3日