全球化（globalization）一词，是一种概念，也是一种人类社会发展的现象过程。全球化目前有诸多定义，通常意义上的全球化是指全球联系不断增强，人类生活在全球规模的基础上发展及全球意识的崛起。国与国之间在政治、经济贸易上互相依存。全球化亦可以解释为世界的压缩和视全球为一个整体。二十世纪九十年代后，随着全球化势力对人类社会影响层面的扩张，已逐渐引起各国政治、教育、社会及文化等学科领域的重视，引发大规模的研究热潮。对于“全球化”的观感是好是坏，目前仍是见仁见智，例如全球化对于本土文化来说就是一把双刃剑，它也会使得本土文化的内涵与自我更新能力逐渐模糊与丧失。
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Victor Gao：Globalization and free trade are the right things
A Beijing-Tianjin high-speed intercity train departs Beijing South Railway Station on Aug. 1, 2018. /Xinhua News Agency
2018年8月6日 -
丁一凡：有什么利益可以驱使美欧联手对付中国？对不起，基本没有
丁一凡，全球化智库（CCG）特邀高级研究员，国务院发展研究中心世界发展研究所原副所长、研究员。
2018年8月3日 -
何伟文：世贸组织无法被取代
专家简介 何伟文，全球化智库（CCG）高级研究员。 美国总统特朗普与欧委会主席容克近日发表意向性联合声明，被一些自媒体炒作到了天上。有的认为美欧日零关税大市场呼之欲出，WTO将被边缘化，甚至成为“废纸一张”。这完全是江湖炒作，没有事实和科学根据。 首先，眼下美欧声称要谈自贸协定只是一种机会主义的愿景，旨在稳住美欧贸易关系。如果启动并最终达成协议，需要经过数年艰苦的谈判。目前看来这一前景相当渺茫。根据是：第一，容克仅是欧盟28国(英国尚未办完脱欧手续)的管家，不是老板。欧盟是以一致通过为议事规则，只要有一个国家反对就可能泡汤。法国总统马克龙已经表示反对。第二，即便启动，也只是2013年美欧谈判的跨大西洋伙伴关系(TTIP)的简装版。尽管美欧领导人为推动TTIP不遗余力，仍因分歧太大，无疾而终。特朗普当美国总统，困难就更大了。第三，特朗普要的是立竿见影的“政绩”和选票，那些费功夫的事，他未必有兴趣。他把新闻造出来了，支持率上去了，剩下的就不重要了。 其次，美欧日相互贸易只覆盖世界贸易一小部分，在世界贸易中的比重都不大。据美国官方统计，2018年1-5月，美国商品进出口总计17057.94亿美元。按区域分，最大贸易伙伴是亚太，5304.30亿美元，占总额31.1%;其次是北美(加墨)，5062.57亿美元，占总额29.7%。与欧盟贸易额仅3315.51亿美元，占19.4%。 在亚太各贸易伙伴中，美日贸易只有882.06亿美元，占5.2%。欧盟的主要贸易伙伴也不是美国，而是区内贸易。2017年欧盟出口总额中，区内贸易占64%。美国只占欧盟外贸16.9%，仅略高于中国(15.3%)。日本只占3.5%，排在瑞士、俄罗斯、土耳其之后，居第6位;不及中国1/4。日本的最大贸易伙伴则既非美国，亦非欧盟，而是中国。2017年美欧、美日、欧日贸易额之和约10670亿美元。尚不及中国与RCEP伙伴的贸易额(13331.92亿美元)。 再次，美欧日没有覆盖全球供应链的全部。为什么美欧日之间的贸易额并不大？一个基本原因是，它们都占据商品生产高端，属于水平分工和水平竞争，缺乏原材料和中间品的生产，也缺少组装。这部分多在新兴和发展中国家进行。因此他们需要与后者进行大量贸易。美欧日加与新兴发展中国家一起，才能构成全球供应链。这也是为何美日和新兴与发展中国家贸易额，往往大于它们之间的双边贸易额的缘故。 因此，即便美欧、美日历经数年终于达成某种程度的自贸协定，加上欧日自贸协定，也只是美欧、美日和欧日三个跨区域或双边协定，或世界数百个区域及双边贸易协定中的三个，远远不是世界贸易安排的全部。它们要制定规则，也只是局部规则，或多边贸易规则的补充。相反，它们已经并将必须继续和大批新兴与发展中国家签署自贸安排。因此，规范全球贸易和全球供应链的只能是多边贸易机制，多边贸易机制只能是以目前已有164个经济体的世贸组织为中心。世贸组织当然需要与时俱进，需要改革，但无法被取代。任何夸大美欧日贸易安排和否定世贸组织的说法，都是没有根据的。 文章选自《环球时报》，2018年8月1日
2018年8月3日 -
魏建国：应对中美贸易摩擦 民营企业要学会走两条路
专家简介
2018年8月3日 -
Zamir Ahmed Awan: Post-Election: Visible impact in Pakistan
Imran Khan, PTI chairman. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] Imran Khan, PTI chairman. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] The general election in Pakistan was held on July 25,2018. The result of this election was of great satisfaction for the people of Pakistan. Before the election, various speculations were floated in the media, like the election will be rigged, postponed, sabotaged, bring instability to the country, prompt terrorism, extremism, ethnic polarity and such. All such rumors were proven wrong and proved to be negative propaganda against Pakistan. In fact, the election was very much free and fair and the people of Pakistan expressed their choice under no outside pressure. The authenticity of the election was verified by international observers and media. Law and order was under control on polling day in almost all parts of the country. Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) won and is in the process of forming a federal government, as well as in the two provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkhua (KP). PTI was established 22 years ago and was struggling hard for a change in society. Finally, hard work and a long struggle of 22 years were fruitful and now the people of Pakistan are celebrating a big victory. PTI is a political force of youth, the middle class and lower class. PTI believes in merit, transparency, and justice for all. Unfortunately, Pakistan was ruled most of time in its history by a feudal elite who became richer after coming into power, while the middle class and lower class always have had to pay the cost of their luxury. A visible change was witnessed just within a few days after the PTI’s victory in Pakistan. The country has shown more stability and negative propaganda against Pakistan turned out to be wrong, terrorism has gone down, and extremism and ethnic polarity has reduced sharply. As a result, the country’s stock exchange has improved gradually. Business community has shown trust and confidence in his leadership. Pakistani currency has become stronger day by day against US dollars and all other major foreign currencies. The trend in improving economy is very much visible and encouraging. International institutions have shown more trust in Pakistan. International community has welcomed the outcome of the election and extended support to PTI. American State department and Indian Prime minister has contacted him already. China is the first country to provide financial assistance to the new government and followed by Saudi Arabia; Islamic Development Bank has also pledged very well. PTI Chairman Imran Khan made his maiden speech on July 26 just after winning the election, and announced his domestic priorities, as well as international relations. He specifically mentioned China and CPEC in his speech, and clarified all mis-concepts about his vision about China. In 2013, there were general elections held in Pakistan, and as a result Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), PML-N came into power. But, PTI was of the opinion that the elections were rigged and unfair. Imran Khanlodged protests and complained to respective authorities, but PML-N was not cooperating. As a result, he was not left any other option, except protest "Dharna" in front of National Assembly Democracy Chock, Islamabad, in 2014. It caused postponement of the official visit of Chinese president Xi Jinping to Pakistan. Since then, there was a misunderstanding that PTI might not welcome the Chinese president’s visit. During my last visit to China, just before the elections, I noticed that there existed concerns in Chinese society regarding PTI, and they were worried if PTI won the election, there might be a setback to Pakistan-China relations or a setback to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). I tried to convince my Chinese friends that the relations between Pakistan and China are so strong that a change of government will have no negative impact on it. Our relations are time tested, all weather and strategic in nature. It cannot be harmed by any government change in either country. CPEC is our strategic decision and backed by the people of Pakistan. There will be no harm, whoever comes into power. CPEC is guaranteed by the Pakistan army. I have published several articles in the mainstream media, addressing the Chinese concerns. Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan Mr. Yao Jing met Chairman PTI Imran Khan on 30 July 2018. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan Mr. Yao Jing met Chairman PTI Imran Khan on 30 July 2018. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] However, now, I would like to break the good news that PTI Chairman Imran Khan likes China and supports CPEC. He is very much impressed by China’s rapid development during the last four decades, especially how China pulled 700 million people from poverty. He wants to learn from the Chinese experience. He appreciated the anti-graft campaign launched in China. He wants to learn about this experience from China too. Yesterday, on 30 July 2016, Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan went to his residence to congratulate on his victory. Based on his personality, I may convey, that during his tenure, Pakistan-China friendship will reach new records. Regarding CPEC, he believes in transparency and merit, he will speed up projects under CPEC and improve efficiency by curbing corruption and nepotism. The Chinese Foreign Ministry also has expressed similar sentiments. I request to Chinese companies and investors involved in CPEC, to have full faith and trust in the new government. I wish that CPEC will be a win-win situation and beneficial for both "Iron Brothers". About Author Zamir Ahmed Awan is a senior fellow with Center for China and Globalization(CCG) and a sinologist at the National University of Sciences and Technology.
2018年8月2日
