全球化（globalization）一词，是一种概念，也是一种人类社会发展的现象过程。全球化目前有诸多定义，通常意义上的全球化是指全球联系不断增强，人类生活在全球规模的基础上发展及全球意识的崛起。国与国之间在政治、经济贸易上互相依存。全球化亦可以解释为世界的压缩和视全球为一个整体。二十世纪九十年代后，随着全球化势力对人类社会影响层面的扩张，已逐渐引起各国政治、教育、社会及文化等学科领域的重视，引发大规模的研究热潮。对于“全球化”的观感是好是坏，目前仍是见仁见智，例如全球化对于本土文化来说就是一把双刃剑，它也会使得本土文化的内涵与自我更新能力逐渐模糊与丧失。
- CCG南方国际人才研究院
- CCG北方国际人才研究院
- CCG一带一路研究所
- CCG世界华商研究所
- CCG数字经济委员会
- CCG南方国际人才研究院图片
- CCG北方国际人才研究院图片
- CCG世界华商研究所图片
- CCG一带一路研究所图片
- CCG数字经济委员会图片
- 成为系列论坛会员
- 成为系列论坛会员联系
- 概况介绍
- 兼职研究员
- 未分类
- 概况
- 全球化
- 全球治理
- 美国
- 国际人才政策
- 中美贸易
- 国际教育理念与政策
- 中国开放指数
- 新闻动态
- CCG品牌论坛
- 中国与全球化论坛
- 学术委员会专家
- 主席/理事长
- 中文图书
- 品牌论坛
- 研究合作
- 重点支持智库研究与活动项目
- 概况视频
- 主任
- 香港委员会名誉主席
- 关于
- 团队
- 国际关系
- 国际组织
- 加拿大
- 华人华侨
- 国际贸易
- 来华留学
- 区域与城市
- 媒体报道
- 二轨外交
- 中国企业全球化论坛
- 高级研究员
- 资深副主席
- 英文图书
- 圆桌研讨
- 建言献策
- 概况手册
- 副主任
- 理事申请
- 香港委员会名誉副主席
- 顾问
- 研究
- 国际移民与人才流动
- 区域合作
- 欧洲
- 中国海归
- 来华投资
- 出国留学
- 大湾区
- 活动预告
- 名家演讲
- 中国全球智库创新年会
- 特邀高级研究员
- 副主席
- 杂志
- 名家演讲
- 媒体采访
- 年报
- 秘书长
- 企业理事
- 香港委员会主席
- 国际顾问
- 国际贸易与投资
- 一带一路
- 亚洲
- 留学生
- 对外投资
- 国际学校
- 动态
- 名家午餐会
- 中国人才50人论坛
- 特邀研究员
- 理事长
- 媒体采访
- 文章投稿
- 副秘书长
- 活动支持
- 香港委员会副主席
- 国际教育
- 非洲
- 数字贸易
- 活动
- 智库圆桌会
- 常务理事
- 智库访谈
- 国际合作
- 总监
- 中国留学人员创新创业论坛
- 研究员
- 研究支持
- 香港委员会常务理事
- 国内政策
- 拉美
- 专家
- 理事
- 直播
- 捐赠支持
- 主管
- 中国国际教育论坛
- 个人捐赠
- 前瞻研究
- 澳洲
- 咨询委员会
- 企业理事
- 其他
- 捐赠联系
- 中东
- 成为理事
- 研究报告
- 建言献策
- 出版物
- 理事申请联系
- 智库研究
- 音视频专区
- 联系我们
- 观点
- 捐赠
- 工作机会
- 香港委员会
-
Zamir Ahmed Awan: Post-Election: Visible impact in Pakistan
Imran Khan, PTI chairman. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] Imran Khan, PTI chairman. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] The general election in Pakistan was held on July 25,2018. The result of this election was of great satisfaction for the people of Pakistan. Before the election, various speculations were floated in the media, like the election will be rigged, postponed, sabotaged, bring instability to the country, prompt terrorism, extremism, ethnic polarity and such. All such rumors were proven wrong and proved to be negative propaganda against Pakistan. In fact, the election was very much free and fair and the people of Pakistan expressed their choice under no outside pressure. The authenticity of the election was verified by international observers and media. Law and order was under control on polling day in almost all parts of the country. Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) won and is in the process of forming a federal government, as well as in the two provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkhua (KP). PTI was established 22 years ago and was struggling hard for a change in society. Finally, hard work and a long struggle of 22 years were fruitful and now the people of Pakistan are celebrating a big victory. PTI is a political force of youth, the middle class and lower class. PTI believes in merit, transparency, and justice for all. Unfortunately, Pakistan was ruled most of time in its history by a feudal elite who became richer after coming into power, while the middle class and lower class always have had to pay the cost of their luxury. A visible change was witnessed just within a few days after the PTI’s victory in Pakistan. The country has shown more stability and negative propaganda against Pakistan turned out to be wrong, terrorism has gone down, and extremism and ethnic polarity has reduced sharply. As a result, the country’s stock exchange has improved gradually. Business community has shown trust and confidence in his leadership. Pakistani currency has become stronger day by day against US dollars and all other major foreign currencies. The trend in improving economy is very much visible and encouraging. International institutions have shown more trust in Pakistan. International community has welcomed the outcome of the election and extended support to PTI. American State department and Indian Prime minister has contacted him already. China is the first country to provide financial assistance to the new government and followed by Saudi Arabia; Islamic Development Bank has also pledged very well. PTI Chairman Imran Khan made his maiden speech on July 26 just after winning the election, and announced his domestic priorities, as well as international relations. He specifically mentioned China and CPEC in his speech, and clarified all mis-concepts about his vision about China. In 2013, there were general elections held in Pakistan, and as a result Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), PML-N came into power. But, PTI was of the opinion that the elections were rigged and unfair. Imran Khanlodged protests and complained to respective authorities, but PML-N was not cooperating. As a result, he was not left any other option, except protest "Dharna" in front of National Assembly Democracy Chock, Islamabad, in 2014. It caused postponement of the official visit of Chinese president Xi Jinping to Pakistan. Since then, there was a misunderstanding that PTI might not welcome the Chinese president’s visit. During my last visit to China, just before the elections, I noticed that there existed concerns in Chinese society regarding PTI, and they were worried if PTI won the election, there might be a setback to Pakistan-China relations or a setback to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). I tried to convince my Chinese friends that the relations between Pakistan and China are so strong that a change of government will have no negative impact on it. Our relations are time tested, all weather and strategic in nature. It cannot be harmed by any government change in either country. CPEC is our strategic decision and backed by the people of Pakistan. There will be no harm, whoever comes into power. CPEC is guaranteed by the Pakistan army. I have published several articles in the mainstream media, addressing the Chinese concerns. Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan Mr. Yao Jing met Chairman PTI Imran Khan on 30 July 2018. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan Mr. Yao Jing met Chairman PTI Imran Khan on 30 July 2018. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] However, now, I would like to break the good news that PTI Chairman Imran Khan likes China and supports CPEC. He is very much impressed by China’s rapid development during the last four decades, especially how China pulled 700 million people from poverty. He wants to learn from the Chinese experience. He appreciated the anti-graft campaign launched in China. He wants to learn about this experience from China too. Yesterday, on 30 July 2016, Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan went to his residence to congratulate on his victory. Based on his personality, I may convey, that during his tenure, Pakistan-China friendship will reach new records. Regarding CPEC, he believes in transparency and merit, he will speed up projects under CPEC and improve efficiency by curbing corruption and nepotism. The Chinese Foreign Ministry also has expressed similar sentiments. I request to Chinese companies and investors involved in CPEC, to have full faith and trust in the new government. I wish that CPEC will be a win-win situation and beneficial for both "Iron Brothers". About Author Zamir Ahmed Awan is a senior fellow with Center for China and Globalization(CCG) and a sinologist at the National University of Sciences and Technology.
2018年8月2日 -
庞中英：欧美日要抛弃WTO？其实他们是在抢先筹谋全球经济的新规则
庞中英，CCG特邀高级研究员，中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院院长
2018年8月2日 -
庞中英：如何与“大弱化”共生才能避免大悲剧、大无序？
庞中英，CCG特邀高级研究员，中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院院长 我们一定要努力争取加强世界秩序（包括改革和重建已有的全球机构），同时，要现实主义、清醒地制定在一个世界秩序遭到持续弱化的世界正确的生存和发展策略，并为最坏的情况即世界秩序供应的大短缺甚至世界无序，未雨绸缪。 这里说的世界秩序主要指第二次世界大战后产生的国际秩序（the post–World War II international order ）。这一秩序经冷战、冷战后仍然存在下来，一直到今天。这一秩序的核心部分是“自由的国际秩序”（LIO）。 冷战结束和全球化加速，二战后的国际秩序及其LIO似乎获得新生，试图通过扩大、改革、重建以及新建等适应和服务于新的世界。 世界秩序的危机 然而，经历了过去25年的演化，非但没有出现人们预期和期待的新世界秩序，反而发生了当前世界秩序的危机。 第一，20世纪90年代初提出联合国改革。从那时到现在，联合国安理会的改革困难重重，要求改革者为的是重新分配国际权力，而抵制改革者则为维护既得利益。如果不能宣布联合国改革失败的话，也不得不承认这一改革并没有取得预期的进展。在一些重大问题上，即使是在对付共同的全球挑战上，联合国安理会的团结或者一致，只存在于少数情况。不过，联合国在一些新的领域，主要是在各种功能性和议题性的全球事务，例如维护和平、促进可持续发展、保护生态、减缓气候变化、改善人权等领域，还是取得了很多妥协性的务实成就。 第二，在全球贸易治理上，1995年，WTO取代关税与贸易总协定（GATT），提供了对几乎所有国家都更具吸引力的全球竞争规则及其争议解决机制。WTO是国际关系史上的一个突破，即具有了准世界政府（The World Government）的作用。中国等在21世纪初相继加入WTO，WTO一度成为全球经济治理的主要代表之一。但是，变得越来越包容的WTO，在推动新一轮全球贸易自由化方面毫无建树的同时，出现了一系列地区性或跨地区性的“自由贸易协定”（FTA）或 “经济伙伴关系”协定（如TPP），全球贸易治理更加碎片化（各自为阵），主张新规则的和抵制新规则的在WTO之外展开。 第三，在全球金融治理上，国际货币基组织（IMF）和世界银行（WB）在冷战结束后也被注入了活力。20世纪90年代，先后在亚洲（东亚）、俄罗斯、拉美等地爆发金融危机，IMF介入这些金融危机，却好心做坏事。在2008年爆发了以美国和欧盟为中心的全球金融危机后，IMF自身的危机也发生了。G20诞生于“亚洲金融危机”之后，但是，真正起作用是在“全球金融危机”之后。G20提出和推动了IMF和WB的部分改革。全球金融危机催生了金融稳定委员会（Financial Stability Board）。该机构负责对全球金融体系进行监管并提出建议。与IMF和WB平行，除了欧洲复兴和开发银行外，在欧共体（欧盟前身）框架下，欧洲最早形成了共同货币政策甚至共同货币（欧元）。一系列其他地区性的开发性金融（development finance）机构，亚洲开发银行、非洲开发银行和拉美开发银行相继建立起来。2015年前后酝酿和建立的亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB）则是这种努力的最新发展。尽管如此，全球金融治理并不如意，全球金融市场乱象丛生、危机四伏，有效的全球金融治理仍然缺位。 当前的世界是一个更加需要秩序的世界。遗憾的是，代表世界秩序的各种国际制度，不是受到进一步的加强，而是受到进一步的弱化。世界秩序的危机是真实和清楚的。这是我们必须确认、面对的现实。 在弱化的世界秩序中 本文的主题是提醒有关当事方、攸关方等，面对危机中的世界秩序，与一个遭到弱化和还将遭到弱化的世界秩序共生存。 美国向来被认为是世界秩序的生产国家（ordering power），但在特朗普政府治下，外交政策大变。美国政府目前对待世界秩序（多边体制）的政策加剧了世界秩序的危机。特朗普政府执政已经一年半多，其对现存的代表世界秩序的国际组织（国际制度）的态度和行动几乎都是消极的和攻击性的。截止目前为止，特朗普政府在破坏现存世界秩序的同时，并没有清楚地展示其愿意提供一种替代性的世界秩序。特朗普时代的美国不打算更多的依靠世界秩序。 我们必须指出，世界上并不是只有美国一个国家在弱化现存的世界秩序。跟着美国一起弱化世界秩序的力量大有人在。 进一步地，我们必须对产生当前世界秩序危机的根源，有历史的、客观的和深刻的认识。多样的而不是单一的因素导致了当前的危机。全球化和去（逆）全球化之间的互动，使现存的世界秩序无所适从。社会不平等的加剧刺激民粹主义的上升，民粹主义借助民族主义（国家主义），各种旧式政治沉渣泛起（如在欧洲，法西斯主义重现）以及被利用。二战后的世界秩序及其核心价值和标准，受到质疑、攻击和否定。国家行为体的数量在增加，现在全球的“国际社会”（国际共同体）已经有200个国家。此外，非国家或非政府在全球行动的组织（NGO）大量增长。一些个人（不管是乔布斯还是马斯克，以及马云等）影响力敌国。目前的世界秩序之老旧，主要仍然是以国家为主的，并不真正体现新的全球格局。日新月异的科学技术及其产业化（如“工业4.0”）等形成了新的利益攸关方组成的利益链条，而现有的世界秩序与新的全球利益和全球价值相互脱节。 总的看，我想强调以下几点： 第一，尽管目前的世界秩序还在，联合国还在，WTO还在，全球金融机构都在，一系列国际多边公约或者协定都有效，不至于如有人说的那样耸人听闻，说世界到了大无序或者大混乱（world disorder）的地步。这夸大了。一些地区面对的一些问题，如大冲突中的中东和受难民问题困扰的欧洲，并非是不可管控甚至仍然能够根本解决的。甚至，一些国家寻求保政治体制的核武开发计划，是极其困难的议题却也并非没有解决方案可寻。 第二，由于对全球化和现存世界秩序及其代表（国际制度）在解决全球共同挑战（全球化带来的问题）上的严重不满，有的国家在国内层面解决长期形成的全球问题。调整、矫正、变革是必要的。但是，矫枉过正，洗澡水与婴儿由此一起倒掉，统治和治理层次不分，是应该和必须避免的。 第三，不管如何，本来先天不足、不完善的世界秩序将继续遭到大的弱化。世界各个构成部分，尤其是其中人口众多、严重依靠世界有序性（规则为基础的全球治理）的各大经济体，特别是美国、欧盟和中国等，将面对更大的不确定性、更高的成本和更大的风险。民族主义之间、大国之间，甚至文明之间的冲突，即使是新的“冷战”，如果发生后不加以遏止，未来的大悲剧、大无序或大混乱是不能排除的。 最后，我们要争取在加强世界秩序（包括改革和重建已有的全球机构）的同时，清醒地制定在一个世界秩序遭到持续弱化的世界正确的生存和发展策略，并为最坏情况即世界秩序的供应大短缺甚至世界的无序未雨绸缪。（ 文章选自华夏时报网，2018年7月25日
2018年7月31日 -
【Global Times】China dismisses criticism at WTO
Biennial review of trade policies started China on Thursday defended its role at the WTO as it faces rising criticism from some WTO members, saying that it has fulfilled its promise to the multilateral trade body and its continued reform efforts have created great opportunities for global economic growth and tangible benefits for trade and investment partners. As the WTO started a biennial review of China’s trade policies, which comes amid rising unilateralism and trade protectionism particularly in the US, Chinese officials urged other countries to stop their unfair criticism of China and called on fellow WTO members to fight the trade bully. "We urge certain members not to look at China through colored glasses and characterize China using outdated thinking," Gao Feng, a spokesperson for the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, told a briefing on Thursday. "Since joining the WTO, China has always complied with WTO rules and fulfilled its obligations as a responsible member." Leading the way Gao’s comment followed an earlier speech by Chinese Vice Minister of Commerce Wang Shouwen at the 7th WTO Trade Policy Review of China in Geneva, which highlighted China’s contribution to the global economy. "As it prepares itself for globalization, China has created important opportunities for world economic growth and delivered tangible benefits to its trade and investment partners," Chinese Vice Minister of Commerce Wang Shouwen told a WTO session on Wednesday. Wang pointed out that between 2001, when China first joined the WTO, and 2017, China’s imports grew at an annual average rate of 13.5 percent, twice as fast as the global average, while imports of services rose by 16.7 percent during the period, 2.7 times that of the global average. As part of the WTO review, China received 1,963 written questions from 42 members. Wang said China has answered the 1,627 questions submitted before June 28 and will answer the rest within a month in accordance with WTO rules. While China received slightly more questions this time, "there was no significant increase," said Tu Xinquan, dean of the China Institute for WTO Studies at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, noting that the review is "merely a platform" for communication. "It is natural for other members to have questions about China. If there is any problem, that’s OK, because we can easily address it through WTO rules," He Weiwen, a senior fellow at the Center for China and Globalization (CCG), told the Global Times on Thursday. "But if some countries criticize China using their own standards, then that’s irrelevant." Ironic criticism Citing alleged harmful industrial policies and the forced transfer of foreign technologies, US officials reportedly said at the meeting that China had failed to abide by WTO rules and called for "a reckoning" over China. The EU, Japan and other members will reportedly join the US in criticizing China at the meeting. "By using its own standards at the WTO, it’s the US which is not abiding by WTO rules," He said, adding that the WTO is a multilateral body and that the US cannot dictate its procedures, especially after its recent unilateral and projectionist actions. The US has taken a series of actions against China and other WTO members. It has slapped tariffs on Chinese goods worth $34 billion, while threatening tariffs on as much as $200 billion more. "It is absurd that the US is trying to use the very same organization it ignores in its unilateral actions to restrain China," He said, adding that the US has received more than a dozen complaints at the WTO for its unilateral actions, including those from the EU and Japan. In an apparent reference to the US, Wang called on all WTO members to "firmly stand up to the trade bully, protectionism and unilateralism," saying that the multilateral trading system is confronted with severe challenges. From Global Times，2018-7-12
2018年7月23日 -
王义桅：为构建新型国际关系注入强大动力
专家简介
2018年7月16日
