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【China Daily】China’s remarkable transformation in four decades2018年12月21日
President Xi Jinping attends a grand gathering celebrating the 40th anniversary of the country’s reform and opening-up at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Tuesday. [Photo/Xinhua]
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Wang Huiyao: Challenging Times, Creative Efforts2018年12月17日
Chinese President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan, together with Argentine President Mauricio Macri and his wife Juliana Awada, attend the welcome ceremony in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on December 2 (XINHUA)By Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG) As the curtain comes down on 2018, it is a good moment to look back at the highlights and central themes of China’s diplomacy during another eventful year.For China, 2018 has been a year to continue building a new type of international relations based on three core tenets—mutual respect, fairness and justice, as well as win-win cooperation, with the long-term vision of building a community with a shared future for humanity.This 21st-century world is shaped by increasing multipolarity and cross-border flows of people, goods, capital and information. It is a world of greater openness, where the cast of characters is more populous, complex and interconnected than ever before. It is also a world where technological progress and globalization are blurring boundaries and overturning traditional assumptions. The rise of emerging markets and developing countries is reconfiguring balances of power, while the international order of the last half-century increasingly struggles to accommodate to the new reality.Against this evolving backdrop, the rest of the world is learning and adapting to the growing stage presence of China and other emerging powers. China is also defining its role in the world and refining how it interacts with fellow nations.In this role, China will forge its own approach to international relations. In 2018, China has continued to expand its diplomatic repertoire, leveraging conventional channels but also developing new mechanisms to build mutual understanding.Throughout the year, China’s diplomatic toolkit highlighted six key themes which start with the central role of summit diplomacy and include Sino-U.S. relations, breakthroughs with neighboring countries, cooperation along the Belt and Road, protecting growing overseas interests, and finally, efforts to reform and innovate the global governance system.A Salvadoran exhibitor introduces juice products from his country to Chinese customers at the first China International Import Expo in Shanghai, on November 7 (XINHUA)Summit diplomacySummit diplomacy has been the core pillar of China’s international engagement in recent years. President Xi Jinping has been more active in global affairs than any previous Chinese leader and 2018 saw top-level summitry become more important than ever.The role of summit diplomacy was evident at the recent G20 Buenos Aires Summit. As well as exploring joint solutions to global challenges, this gathering became an important chance to prevent the Sino-U.S. trade dispute from spiraling out of control. To the world’s relief, Xi and U.S. President Donald Trump were able to reach a preliminary "ceasefire" agreement to start working to resolve differences over economic relations.While supporting existing mechanisms such as the G20, China has also led the creation and strengthening of new platforms to promote free trade and international cooperation. In 2018, China hosted four such international events: the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit, the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) Summit and the China International Import Expo (CIIE).At the Boao Forum event in April, Xi sent a clear signal: China will continue to open up its economy and promote globalization with pledges to expand market access and improve the business environment for foreign investors. He also pledged to promote import growth. This gave firm support to globalization amid the protectionist wave that has swept the world.This theme was reinforced at the inaugural CIIE in November. Much more than a trade fair, the CIIE served as a landmark in the evolution of China’s development and its economic interaction with the rest of the world. Once renowned as the "factory of the world" for its role as an export powerhouse, today it is China’s consumer market and imports that serve as an engine for global growth. As Xi said in his opening speech, over the next 15 years, China is set to import $30 trillion worth of goods and $10 trillion in services.In June, the coastal city of Qingdao played host to the 2018 SCO Summit. Formed 17 years ago with regional security objectives in mind, the agenda of the SCO has broadened to include other areas of cooperation such as the economy and the environment. This year’s summit was significant as India and Pakistan attended in as new full members. The eight-member SCO now accounts for nearly half of the world’s population and over a fifth of the global GDP.These events reflect China’s efforts to build platforms and engage a broad range of partners across the world.Chinese tourists take a group photo before leaving the Typhoon-struck Saipan on October 28 by charted flight offered by Chinese Government (XINHUA)Sino-U.S. relationsChina and the U.S. are the world’s most significant economic and political actors. In 2018, the twists and turns in their relations have formed the central storyline, not just of China’s external relations, but of global affairs at large. As the trade dispute intensified, the goal of stabilizing the relations with the U.S. has been a key objective for Chinese diplomacy.The meeting between the two presidents following the G20 Summit averted further escalation of tariffs and brought both sides back to the negotiating table. But despite this reprieve, it is clear that a fundamental shift has occurred in the relationship. A bipartisan view of China as an antagonist and biggest strategic competitor has coalesced in Washington. The U.S. approach of engagement in previous years is gradually being replaced by a mindset of containment.In this regard, it was encouraging that the second annual U.S.-China Diplomatic and Security Dialogue was held in Beijing in November. This gave top diplomats and military officials from both sides a chance to talk and share perspectives of contentious issues.Despite frictions, the two countries still have enormous potential synergies to exploit through closer cooperation, particularly with respect to transnational challenges such as climate change. China’s participation in California’s Global Climate Action Summit in September showed that there are many channels for the two to work together. Deepening cooperation at the local level may offer an effective way to do this.Breakthroughs with neighborsEfforts to strengthen relations in the region to create a benign environment for the growth of economic and cultural links within Asia have contributed to breakthroughs with three fellow nations over the year.First, 2018 saw a notable warming of ties between China and Japan. The premiers of both countries made reciprocal visits. Premier Li Keqiang’s visit to Japan in May was followed by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to Beijing in October, the first stand-alone journey to China by a Japanese leader in nearly seven years. During this visit, the premiers of Asia’s two biggest economies reached a series of agreements to deepen economic and trade ties.Sino-Indian relations also experienced a positive turnaround following a period of heightened tensions caused by their border friction last year. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited China in April, holding talks with Xi to build mutual trust and deepen cooperation. China and India, the world’s two most populous nations, share strong cultural ties and economic complementarities. It is encouraging to see that Sino-Indian relations are now on a track to closer collaboration.Third, with China’s support, there has also been progress on the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue. This has seen the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea hold breakthrough summits with China, the U.S. and the Republic of Korea. These are initial but important steps toward defusing tension on the peninsula and opening a channel for lasting peace in the region.The construction site of the China-Maldives Friendship Bridge on June 24 (XINHUA)Belt and Road cooperationIn the five years since its launch, the Belt and Road Initiative, drawing on China’s capital resources and infrastructure development capabilities, offers a new model of diplomacy by helping partner countries to improve connectivity and open new paths to growth and prosperity.The initiative has been supported by growing numbers of Chinese enterprises that are going global. According to the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, in the first half of 2018, investment in 55 countries along the Belt and Road was up 12 percent year on year.Alongside, China has directed diplomatic efforts to promote the initiative. Following the inaugural Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation last year, as of 2018, more than 100 countries and regions as well as international organizations have signed cooperation agreements with China, extending the initiative’s scope from Eurasia to Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the South Pacific region.The FOCAC Summit held in Beijing in September brought together leaders from China and African countries to explore new forms of collaboration. Xi announced $60 billion of financing for Africa in the form of government assistance as well as from financial institutions and companies. The summit built on Xi’s trip to Senegal, Rwanda, South Africa and Mauritius earlier in the year, the fourth African trip during his presidency.Countries that previously held misgivings about the initiative such as Japan and the U.S. are gradually beginning to warm to it. During Abe’s visit to Beijing, China and Japan launched a mechanism to discuss economic cooperation projects in third countries related to the initiative. The number of foreign companies and financial institutions taking part in Belt and Road projects is increasing, helping to strengthen links between China and its partners around the world by sharing experience and mutual benefits.A China-Europe train arrives at a railway station in Vienna, Austria, on April 7 (XINHUA)Protecting overseas interestsDriven by China’s opening up and the Belt and Road Initiative, the number of Chinese citizens and companies overseas is growing. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, China has been the country with the most outbound tourists in annual terms since 2013. The number of outbound tourists is expected to grow to 157 million in 2020, compared to 135 million in 2016.China’s accumulated outbound direct investment (ODI) reached over $1.8 trillion by the end of 2017, moving up to the second place in the world ranking. Chinese investment in both Europe and Africa saw an over 70-percent increase, while investment in countries along the Belt and Road accounted for over 12 percent of ODI, up 31.5 percent year on year.These trends mean protecting the interests of Chinese citizens working, traveling and studying overseas has become an increasingly important task for Chinese diplomatic and consular services. The evolving risk map includes security threats and natural dangers. In 2017, the Chinese Foreign Ministry handled over 70,000 cases of consular protection. This year, Chinese nationals have been supported in a range of situations, from evacuating them from natural disasters to protecting them from terrorist threats.To support this vital aspect of China’s overseas work, in 2018 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs released draft legislation on consular protection to help safeguard Chinese citizens overseas.Global governance reformRecent years have seen multilateralism under increasing strain. There has been a rise in anti-globalization sentiment around the world, and countries that helped to build the international order are now undermining the very institutions that support it.In part, the current global governance deficit is a result of multilateral institutions failing to reform and adapt to new challenges. Therefore, as well as supporting existing mechanisms, part of China’s new role is to promote reform of the global governance system according to concepts of fairness and justice.It is not only official agencies that are engaged in this task. A growing cast of social actors is also contributing ideas and impetus to reform global governance. This includes non-governmental think tanks that can help to generate and disseminate ideas at home and abroad. Many of the challenges require fresh approaches and cross-border collaboration between different types of organizations. Think tanks are well placed to support China in building a new type of international relations.Through the ages, many have seen relations between actors on the stage of world history as antagonistic, driven by fear and self-interest. Proponents of this view often see modern states as playing out predetermined roles, destined to clash and come into conflict as balances of power shift.To build a new type of international relations, China has determined to craft its own role as the supporter of a more open, fairer world. It is likely that 2019 will bring more twists and turns in world affairs. However, it is hoped that the coming year will also provide more chances to build relationships, work together, and script a shared future for humanity.About Author Dr. Wang Huiyao, founder and president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), an independent think tank based in Beijing.From Beijing Review, December 15, 2018
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Wang Huiyao: Fair winds expected from Buenos Aires2018年12月6日
By Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG) Hopes are high that G20 summit will provide a breath of fresh air to help world leaders chart a new courseA decade after the first G20 leaders meeting in Washington, world leaders will meet this week in Buenos Aires, Argentina, for the 2018 G20 Summit. This time is different due to an expected sidelines bilateral meet-up that the world is keeping a close eye on.Ten years ago, with the onset of the financial crisis, it was recognized that a new global governance platform was needed to meet transnational challenges and adapt to shifts in the world economy. In particular, it was hoped that moving to a more inclusive mechanism than the traditional G7 would better reflect the importance and interests of developing countries and emerging markets such as China, India and Argentina. The members of the group account for around 90 percent of the world GDP and 80 percent of global trade. It is thus fitting that this decennial summit should take place in Buenos Aires, a cultural melting pot shaped by international trade and migration.The political landscape has shifted dramatically in the decade since that first summit in Washington. Today, however, the world again finds itself at a crossroads. Recent years have seen a rise in anti-globalization sentiment around the world, and countries that helped to build the international order are now undermining the very institutions that support it. The global governance deficit has widened as multilateral institutions have failed to reform and adapt to new challenges.The Buenos Aires G20 Summit offers a chance for world leaders to reinvigorate multilateralism and avert a slide toward increased protectionism and isolation. This summit takes on extra significance because it is expected to see a crucial meeting between President Xi Jinping and US President Donald Trump - their first face-to-face meeting since China and the United States became embroiled in a damaging trade dispute that has seen several rounds of punitive tariffs imposed by both sides, with the threat of more to come. Issues to be addressed in the expected discussion will affect not only the outlook for the world’s two largest economies, but also workers and consumers in third countries and the global economy at large.The Xi-Trump meeting, expected to take place on Nov 30, provides a chance to de-escalate bilateral tensions that have intensified over the past year. It is hoped that through this discussion, Xi and Trump can reach a consensus on a framework agreement that can help guide future talks and resolve the current dispute. Since Trump recently signaled that he would like to make a breakthrough with his Chinese counterpart during the summit, it’s likely that the leaders’ meeting would set a sound tone for a final way out for the two sides.Despite the challenges to be overcome in putting the Sino-US relationship back on an even keel, there are good reasons to be optimistic that the two sides can steer away from the current course and avert drawing the world into a damaging trade war resulting in costs that no one could afford.First, China’s economic interests are deeply entwined with the US and indeed every other major economy in the world. Recently, some observers have invoked the idea of an "economic iron curtain" descending between the world’s two largest economies, drawing parallels with the deterioration of relations between the US and the Soviet Union after World War II. However, this framing completely fails to capture the reality of China-US relations in today’s globalized economy.In the late 1940s, the US and Soviet Union shared little in the way of bilateral trade and investment. By contrast, in our current age of deepening globalization, the US and China are bound by global value chains that enable increasingly sophisticated specialization and division of labor across borders. Given the densely woven links shared by China, the US and other trading partners, any attempts to force a "decoupling" of the world’s two largest economies would cause massive disruption and long-term economic damage to both countries and the global economy.Leading international organizations have already revised growth forecasts for 2019 downward due to uncertainty over the economic recovery and impact of the ongoing Sino-US trade dispute. Any further escalation of the trade tensions would seriously threaten the fragile recovery of the world economy.Second, despite frictions in the bilateral relationship, Trump and Xi have established a good rapport and friendly relationship with each other. Maintaining this personal bond can stabilize relations and help both sides to overcome their differences and come to a mutually beneficial agreement on a way forward. Given the central roles of both figures in their respective administrations and Trump’s unique governance style, this top-level "leadership diplomacy" is of particular importance and could hold the key to unlocking the current impasse.Third, and arguably most important, China and the US still have enormous potential synergies to exploit through closer cooperation. A relationship "reset" would not only help avert more economic damage, but it could also open up avenues for deeper cooperation and mutual benefits. For example, there is great potential to expand Sino-US cooperation in infrastructure, particularly given the match between the Trump administration’s large-scale infrastructure plan and China’s financial resources and considerable experience in this field. It is also vital that the two sides work together if they are to address major transnational challenges, such as climate change, poverty alleviation and terrorism.Given the high stakes at hand, China and the US have a responsibility to make significant efforts to put their bilateral relationship back on track. This should start with both countries accelerating the restructuring of their own economies, building on the foundation of domestic reforms to bring about a joint improvement in the trade imbalance.For China, this means pressing forward with implementing policies to open up the economy, such as relaxing market entry requirements and offering a fair and open marketplace to the world. As President Xi said at the recent import expo in Shanghai, over the next 15 years, China is set to import $30 trillion (26.5 trillion euros; £23.5 trillion) worth of goods and $10 trillion in services. Further moves to boost imports should be made to benefit Chinese consumers and ensure that China’s market continues to be an engine for the global economy.At the same time, the US should abandon biased policies that unfairly target China and artificially inflate the trade deficit, such as restrictions on high-tech exports to China. Lifting these restrictions could benefit both economies, supporting workers in the US and helping to reduce the trade deficit. According to a study by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a third of the US trade deficit with China could be reduced by lifting export control to China to a level equivalent to France.In addition to pursuing these changes at home, China and the US should also increase their support for global governance institutions. The G20 in particular has great promise to serve as an effective platform to facilitate cooperation between the two sides, helping them achieve shared objectives and contribute to global public good.Reform of the multilateral trading system should be high on the agenda, to help strengthen the World Trade Organization and help avert any possibility of a slide back to 1930s-style protectionism. The G20 should also promote talks on how to deal with new technologies and forms of trade.By working together through the G20, the US and China can help to build a new generation of global governance mechanisms to address key issues related to the traditional ones, like global warming and WTO deadlock, and emerging ones, such as digital economy and automation in the new era, helping to ensure that all can benefit from these innovations and societies around the world are ready for dramatic shifts in the way we work and interact.It is said that Buenos Aires (translated as "fair winds") was named by sailors arriving on the Rio de la Plata, blessed by good winds. This week, the city may just provide the breath of fresh air necessary to help world leaders chart a new course forward.About Author Dr. Wang Huiyao, founder and president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), an independent think tank based in Beijing.From China Daily,2018-11-30
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Zhang Jin:Singles Day sales show buyer confidence2018年11月20日
From China Daily,2018-11-16
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Wang Huiyao: WTO reform deemed both imperative and beneficial2018年11月13日
By Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG)Over the past 20 years, the WTO has played a critical role in the economic development of nations all over the world, and has been the primary impetus for economic globalization. However, for more than a decade now, the development of the WTO has stagnated due to irreconcilable differences between developed and developing countries. This can be seen in the demise of the Doha Round of talks. With WTO talks deadlocked, the current US administration has adopted an increasingly negative attitude toward the institution, choosing to abandon multilateralism and instead relying on bilateral talks to resolve trade issues. Furthermore, US President Donald Trump has repeatedly threatened to pull the US out of the WTO. These developments constitute an unprecedented challenge to the multilateral trading system that has done so much to reduce trade barriers and promote the spirit of free trade since World War II. In addition to the stalled WTO agenda, it is apparent that the WTO has not kept up with important new developments and trends in the global economy, such as the explosive growth of the digital economy. By only focusing on conventional trade issues such as trade in goods and tariffs, the WTO has failed to develop frameworks that can accommodate new emerging sectors driven by information and digitization. It is all too apparent that the current WTO is outdated and not in tune with important new aspects of the global economy. However, while the WTO currently faces a series of significant problems, we do not believe that either developed or developing countries want to completely discard the current system and start all over again. Even Trump’s tough stance of repeated threats to leave the WTO - without actually following through on such threats - should be seen as part of his particular approach to "the art of the deal."On top of the fact that WTO principles and its framework are still recognized around the world, there is still no institution that would be able to replace it. The process of the WTO’s development has shown that the healthy and sustained development of world trade and the operation of multilateral mechanisms still depend on the functioning of the WTO. In light of this, there are certain recommendations that could be offered for the WTO’s reform, covering both broad principles and practical actions. First, the WTO should reaffirm its basic principle, which is to promote market openness and fair trade in order to realize the free movement of goods. At present, the most pressing problem is the trend for certain members to turn toward unilateralism, neglecting the WTO’s basic principles. Second, the current deadlock in appointing judges to the WTO dispute resolution mechanism must be resolved. The dispute settlement body is virtually paralyzed due to the US continually blocking appointments of new judges. The dispute resolution mechanism is also beset by several other problems, including the fact that some rulings transgress the scope of WTO rules. Also, statements and rulings are often too long, and settlement processes tend to be long and drawn out. Third, the WTO’s consensus principle needs to be reformed. More use could be made of plurilateral agreements as opposed to multilateral agreements in order to enhance the efficiency of negotiations and subsequent implementation. Due to the continued divergence between different members’ requirements, WTO talks have reached a critical phase tied to core and sensitive interests. Given that disputes between developed and developing nations are intensifying about various issues - such as agriculture, trade in services, intellectual property and technology transfer - solely relying on the universal consensus decision-making model will easily lead to deadlock. Fourth, WTO reforms should fully take into consideration the needs and capacities of developing countries, with utmost efforts made to find points of mutual benefit for all sides. Dealing with technology transfer will be an important component of the WTO reforms. Moreover, given the difficulty of achieving a consensus among a large number of WTO members, a group of key nations representing the voices of both developed and developing nations could work first to reach an agreement on the most crucial issues. To support the WTO reform process, a concrete time schedule should be designated, with accompanying tests and standards to ensure progress. During this phase, it is also important that WTO members maintain an open and active approach to reform. From Global Times,2018-11-11
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Qiu Yufeng: Innovation integrates security, intelligence leads the future2018年11月12日
By Qiu Yufeng, executive committee member of Center for China & Globalization(CCG), founder and CEO of Zorpia Robot Co.Today, scientific and technological revolutions and industrial changes are on the rise all over the world. The EU has launched a "data-driven economy" strategy to seize opportunities of big data development. China has also made a strategic decision to build a digital China. "Innovation integrates security, intelligence leads the future" is the theme of China-EU digital technology cooperation.China has made significant achievements in its digital construction. According to the Digital China Construction and Development Report (2017) issued by the Cyberspace Administration of China, the country's digital economy reached 27.2 trillion yuan in 2017, growing 20.3 percent year-on-year, accounting for 32.9 percent of its GDP, and ranked second globally.The new generation of information technologies represented by AI, robotics, 5G mobile communication, internet of things (IoT), and blockchain have accelerated the breakthroughs in applications to become the core driving forces of digital technology in China. In 2017, China rose to No 22 in the Global Innovation Index jointly released by the World Intellectual Property Organization, Cornell University and INSEAD, becoming the only middle-income country to enter the top 25 list. However, there is an acute shortage of talents and high-skilled personnel. Europe is among the leaders in digital technology innovation. For instance, in terms of AI, Europe is recognized as home to prestigious world-class universities and research centers, with at least nine ranked among the top 25.In March this year, the European Political Strategy Center, European Commission's in-house think tank, released a report titled "The Age of Artificial Intelligence: Towards a European Strategy for Human-centric Machines" which analyzed the current challenges facing Europe. In 2017, only 4 percent of global data was stored in the EU and only 25 percent of large companies and 10 percent of the small and medium-sized enterprises use big data analysis. In most EU member countries, data scientists make up less than 1 percent of total employment. In contrast, China has become one of the largest and most diverse data source countries, having accumulated a wealth of data resources. The number of Chinese internet users exceeds 800 million, mobile phone users exceed 1.3 billion, ranking first in the world. In 2017, the monthly mobile internet access traffic per capita reached 1775MB on average, which provides a fertile source for global research.In the digital technology revolution, China and the EU are facing many common and different challenges, which have huge potential for cooperation. For example, China has proposed the "Internet Plus", aiming to construct a public service supportive platform and promote the integration of the Internet and manufacturing industries.With the 5G era approaching, the prospects of the IoT are refreshed once again, becoming an important scenario of 5G applications. According to IDC data, by 2020, the global market for IoT will reach $1.7 trillion and grow at an annual compounded rate of 16.9 percent. Under this trend, China's IoT industry will grow to exceed 1.5 trillion yuan by the end of its 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20). In 2019, China's cloud computing industry will be 430 billion yuan ($62.02 billion) in scale.China also aims to enhance international cooperation in the digital economy. This year, China released the new version of its AI development plan, with a focus on accelerating the integration of artificial intelligence and economic society. In March this year, the EPSC's report clearly stated that Europe should create a framework to support AI investment and set global quality standards for AI to meet internal and external challenges. China and the EU can improve the joint research mechanism through cooperation projects, and fund joint research and exchanges to jointly meet global challenges.China puts equal emphasis on development and security. The EU has made good progress in advanced data protection technologies and issued the EU General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) in May this year.Taking AI and robots as an example, one of the big challenges is how to make AI available to human uses for extending thinking, memory, judging and handling things. The Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology has written relevant contents into a new plan to explore and establish international standards for what people can develop, what is bound by the ethics of science and what to refrain from.China and Europe have carried out active cooperation in this regard. To address the core issues of robot and AI security, a robotic blockchain program named "MPC" initiated by late British scientist Stephen Hawking has been completed by more than 10 academicians and experts from China, Europe and other countries. The goal of the program is to use blockchain as the cornerstone to establish the global robot security consensus charter for efficient monitoring and management of robots for safety and security of robot uses. In its promotion for consensus, the program has got support from EU countries, especially from renowned robot companies such as KUKA, ABB, and COMAU from countries such as Germany, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Finland and Italy.China understands innovation is in essence talent-driven. At present, China still has a shortage of high-level innovative talent, especially of leading scientists and technologists. Sino-European talent cooperation could be a key focus. In 2017, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China launched a guidance on promoting foreign scientists' participation in China's national science and technology plans, exploring a new model for opening-up and cooperation by gathering global innovative talents.Europe is currently a cradle for innovation and entrepreneurship by high-end talents. China and Europe can work together to bring global innovative talents to international scientific plans and projects, promote openness, cooperation and sharing of large-scale research infrastructure and facilities, scientific data, and other resources.China and Europe have signed the Sino-EU Science & Technology Cooperation Agreement, under which projects combining study, research and production can be carried out jointly. China and the UK also signed an MOU on science, technology and innovation cooperation in December 2017.With globalization encountering protectionism, and multilateral trade regimes and rules facing challenges, China and Europe should release positive, clear, and strong signals on major issues such as global governance and cooperation of science and technology. China-Europe cooperation can create solid conditions and a long-term vision for a shared destiny for humankind.From China Daily,2018-11-9
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公益+创业:爸选CEO王胜地“2018年大学生公益创业大讲堂”2018年11月8日
10月18日,由北京爸爸的选择科技有限公司、KAB全国推广办公室共同举办,中国青年报社及百所高校KAB创业俱乐部联合支持的“2018年大学生公益创业大讲堂”江汉大学站作为本次活动的收官如约而至,来自八百名热衷公益创业的大学生创业青年济济一堂,爸爸的选择CEO王胜地作为嘉宾参与会议,并发表关于创业公益的主题演讲,将自己公益创业的经验与正在成长路上的大学生们分享。大会开幕,江汉大学张幸平书记致辞,他肯定了公益创业在青年创业中发挥的重要作用,并总结了江汉大学创新创业系列工作的相关成果。中国青年报副总编辑马年华先生也发表了讲话,强调了公益创业在社会责任感上的重要性,并肯定了爸爸的选择在扶持大学生公益创业工作方面的大力支持。恰逢会议前一天10月17日是国家扶贫日,王胜地从“扶贫”引入公益创业话题,强调了社会责任感之于企业发展的重要性,从三个方面开展对公益创业的理解。现在的中国是创业的最好时候王胜地开门见山——中国大学生现在拥有很好的创业时机。他回忆起自己过去的经历,美国学习,日本工作,在发达国家由于各种条框的限制大学生创业处境十分艰难。在他与日本前首相鸠山由纪夫的对话中,鸠山对中国大学生创业的良好境遇表示出的惊异给王胜地留下了很大印象。与之相比,当今的中国各方面市场机制都有利于大学生的创业。不光有国家的政策扶持与鼓励支持,“学而优则仕”的社会偏见也逐渐消散,“你的丈母娘都在认股值”这样的认可也给了创业者更多的社会认同。因此王胜地鼓励大家敢想敢做,不负青春。“大众创业,万众创新”以来,更多的人才得以从体制中释放出来,投入到创业的大潮,这既是一种对思想的解放,又为经济注入了更多活力。王胜地尤其强调了在当今的大环境下,很多创业公司脱颖而出,找到了自己的方向,在经济上做出的增长贡献也值得表扬。王胜地分享起自己的经验,爸爸的选择成立于2015年,是在创业浪潮中一步一步发展起来的。北大化学系出身的他敏锐的意识到,在中国本土缺少一个日化方向的国产大品牌。找准机会,他毅然卖掉北京二环的房子投身到创业领域,以纸尿裤为突破口进军日化行业。三年半的时间里没有经过融资仍然保持着高速增长,在互联网寒冬的情况下,爸爸的选择依然取得了好的战绩。“在这样(严峻)的环境,能够提供就业,为社会提供税收,这就是在为社会尽自己的一份力,也算是某种程度的公益。”王胜地感慨。利用自身优势帮助弱势群体“在共克时艰的大环境下,要关注贫困地区与弱势群体,更要注意结合自身的优势长项。”王胜地认为,大学生在方案拟定、策划执行、信息沟通上有着诸多优势。利用自身优势,结合贫困地区的现状进行合理策划,能够做出适合当地的商业方案,帮助脱贫致富,实现“公益创业”,这正是学以致用的最佳体现。他以自身的公益活动举例——要在公益创业的过程中灵活自如。爸爸的选择在对甘肃文县范坝镇的帮扶中发现,山核桃采摘是当地特色产业,而山核桃的后续加工采用十分费力的手工方法,产量和价值都不尽人意。爸爸的选择在洞悉到问题症结之后,引进专业的剥核桃机帮助村民进行生产,并在山核桃的销路方面策划拓展,为当地村民带来了更高的生产效率与更好的经济效益。另外王胜地认为,公益活动不要一味追求宏大的效果,只要能够对当地经济与落后思想有一定程度的积极影响,就是很大的贡献。只要向前一步,只要能做出一些积极的改变,就是成功的公益创业。不要只谈利润,也不能不谈利润在第三个层面的分享中,王胜地阐述了自己对公益创业在利润上的理解。很多人对公益创业的理解过于狭隘片面,公益创业并不一定要“只做公益,不谈利润”,良好的盈利状态是更好的投身公益、做更有质量的公益的基本保证。对利润的追求是生存下来的前提,创造价值提供税收并增加就业岗位,从这个层面上能够“活下来”的创业公司将所利用的资源利用最大化,为社会做出了贡献,这也算得上是一种最基本的公益。在行有余力的情况下有了一定的经济基础,便能更有针对性的做更有质量的公益。企业承担起社会责任感,在公益创业使命的指引下一定能突出重围。最后,王胜地表达了对创业同学们的祝福与期盼,会场爆发出热烈掌声。大会继续进行。中国社会科学院大学教授王艳茹从社会学视角为大家解析了公益创业的背景,给出了青年参加公益创业的理由,并给出了公益创业的组织方法建议;中南财经政法大学公共管理学院兼创业学院副院长邓汉慧教授从学术角度就“创新”方面为大家剖析公益创业的各个维度;湖南世创会文化发展有限公司总经理刘玄奇在公益创业的体系上从互联网角度度进行了分享。最后在现场对话交流的互动环节,同学们也提出了对公益创业的种种疑问,得到了各位专家老师细致详尽的解答。经历了互动的答疑收获之后,本次大会圆满结束。“少年强则国强,少年智则国智”,为提高高校大学生创业执行力和创新精神,爸爸的选择多次主办大学生创新创业活动,包括与KAB大学生创业俱乐部和北京大学双创青年论坛、清华x-lab创业DNA基金等高校组织合作,CEO王胜地亲自担任创业指导及培训讲师,为怀揣梦想的大学生提供帮助。文章选自中国网,2018年10月26日
理事观点 王胜地 -
Wang huiyao: Import expo marks new economic era2018年11月5日
Signs promote the upcoming China International Import Expo in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, on Oct 11. Zhou Dongchao / For China DailyBy Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG)CIIE affirms China’s embrace of trade as a positive force that can create benefits for workers and consumers in all countriesAll eyes will be on Shanghai this month for the first China International Import Expo, from Nov 5 to 10. With more than 2,800 companies from over 130 countries participating, it is set to be a truly global event that will boost trade connectivity and open new channels for cross-border cooperation.Announced by President Xi Jinping last year, the CIIE is part of China’s broader efforts to open up markets and facilitate the importing of more high-quality products to meet domestic demand. The event will give companies a chance to exhibit products and for countries to showcase goods through national pavilions. It also will provide a platform for exporters to learn more about China’s policies and markets and to conduct trade promotion, promising great benefits for foreign companies and Chinese consumers alike.For foreign companies yet to gain a foothold in China, the event offers a springboard into the domestic market by presenting goods to a broad audience and making connections with key industry players. For companies already established in China, the expo is a way to ensure continued expansion by introducing new brands, products and concepts to China, Asia and the world. For Chinese buyers and consumers, the expo will provide a unique channel to learn about diverse choices available from around the world.Moving forward, the CIIE is set to become an important annual fixture to promote trade between China and the world, linking overseas companies and producers with consumers in China and beyond.The CIIE is the latest in a succession of high-profile international events that China has launched over the years that mirror the phases of its economic development.In 1957, the Canton Fair was launched to promote the exporting of Chinese-made goods overseas. It continues to be the oldest and largest trade fair in China. In 1997, the China International Fair for Investment and Trade was launched in Xiamen, reflecting the emphasis put on attracting inward investment at that time.Four decades after the launch of the reform and opening-up policy, the import expo represents yet another landmark in the evolution of China’s economic development and shifting orientation, from exports to investment to imports.While China was once renowned as the "factory of the world", today the growth of China’s consumer spending and the evolving tastes of its middle class have become a major force fueling the global economy. This rise in consumer spending is an integral part of China’s ongoing development process, reflecting the shift away from an export-oriented, investment-driven growth model to one that is fueled by consumption.Consumption drove almost 80 percent of GDP growth in the first half of this year, and China is already the world’s second-largest importer, with $1.84 trillion (1.6 trillion euros; £1.4 trillion) worth of imports in 2017. According to the Ministry of Commerce, China is set to import products and services worth more than $10 trillion over the next five years, representing massive opportunities for foreign exporters. The upcoming expo is a good chance for China to further boost imports and domestic consumption, contributing to the ongoing transformation and restructuring of the Chinese economy.Naturally, foreign companies have been lining up to take advantage of this vast and growing market. However, they face a more challenging competitive landscape than in years gone by, when any foreign brand in China carried a certain amount of cachet. Increasingly, simply being foreign is no longer enough to appeal to China’s ever more discerning consumers.This is particularly so given the rise of a new generation of innovative domestic brands that have closed the quality gap with their foreign counterparts and in many cases surpassed them. These domestic brands are rapidly changing the image of "made in China", offering a range of quality goods tailored to local consumers, often through digitally driven retail and service models. In this more competitive environment, foreign companies must strengthen their understanding of China’s rapidly changing market and leverage core advantages if they are to win the hearts of Chinese consumers.It’s also a good opportunity for foreign brands to localize their businesses by cooperating with their Chinese partners or learning from their Chinese competitors. For Chinese companies, it’s a good chance to learn from multinational corporations and facilitate their outbound business expansion.As well as providing a practical platform to match foreign companies with market opportunities in China, the CIIE sends a strong message that China is open for business and committed to upholding globalization and free trade.This is particularly important at a time when the multilateral trading system is challenged and protectionism is on the rise. Unfortunately, China and the United States find themselves locked in a trade dispute that harms not only both countries but also the wider global economy. This situation has arisen in part from a misguided view of international trade as a zero-sum game, a perspective that fails to reflect the realities of the 21st-century global economy.By throwing open its doors to foreign exporters, the CIIE affirms China’s embrace of trade as a positive force that can create benefits for workers and consumers in all countries. Amid ongoing Sino-US trade friction, it is encouraging to see that nearly 180 US companies have signed up to participate in the CIIE, including leaders from a range of sectors including high-end manufacturing, intelligent equipment, home appliances, culture and sports. The CIIE provides a clear signal that China is willing to increase its imports and it’s an opportunity for the US business community to tap new market opportunities and forge deeper links with China.We do hope this expo will play a role in bridging the Sino-US gap and contribute to the solution that both China and the US are seeking to reach.In addition to industry leaders from developed markets, it is promising to see that the expo will feature many participants from developing countries, especially those with links to the Belt and Road Initiative, including more than 100 companies from over 30 African countries.For example, a dozen companies from Brazil’s coffee sector will feature gourmet lines at the expo, seeking to tap China’s growing thirst for coffee. Wineries from African countries, such as Morocco and South Africa, are also planning to use the expo to enter China and connect with its growing middle class. Preferential policies have also been implemented to help small and medium-sized enterprises from Africa participate in the expo. Once such companies establish trade flows to China, they can also use the country as a steppingstone to other Asian markets.By providing exposure for products and regions around the world, the CIIE offers a platform through which all countries can leverage their own strengths and deepen economic relations, contributing to domestic growth, increased trade and greater global prosperity.The CIIE can thus demonstrate that China would like to shoulder more responsibility to brace up the global economy, which is gloomy due to sluggish trade and investment circumstances. With the spirit of inclusive development and win-win, the expo will bring more opportunities not only for the companies but for world trade.About Author Dr. Wang Huiyao, founder and president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), an independent think tank based in Beijing.From China Daily,2018-11-2
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Wang Huiyao: Digital economy needs global governance2018年11月5日
By Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG)From the G20 and World Economic Forum to national development plans and think tank research reports, in recent years, the "digital economy" has become a buzzword and risen to the top of many countries’ and businesses’ agenda.Increasingly, governments and businesses see the digital economy as a key driver of growth and are directing investments accordingly. In September, the National Development and Reform Commission signed an agreement with China Development Bank to offer 100 billion yuan ($14.55 billion) in financing over the next five years to support the digital push.On Sept 20, China held its first International Digital Economy Expo in Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei province, attracting high-profile companies and more than 100 business leaders from home and abroad.At present, more than 22 percent of the global GDP is closely linked to the digital economy. By 2025, the digital economy is expected to drive about half of the global output growth. The digital economy has enabled the birth of new industries and business models, allowing companies and people to connect across borders, linking producers with consumers and workers with job opportunities. Digitization has had a transformative effect on all manner of industries.Over the past decade, buoyed by its vast market and supportive policies, China has taken a leading position in digital industries. A Cyberspace Administration of China report in 2017 said China’s digital economy grew to 27.2 trillion yuan, up 20.3 percent year-on-year, and accounted for 32.9 percent of its GDP.This makes China’s digital economy the second-largest in the world. China has the world’s largest e-commerce market, accounting for 40 percent of the global total. It is also among the leading markets for virtual reality, autonomous vehicles, drones and artificial intelligence. Mobile payments, in particular, have caught on like wildfire in China, with the total annual transaction value being more than 10 times that of the US.Promise and challenges of the digital economyThe digital economy has become an important engine for growth that is both sustainable and inclusive. It has helped to raise productivity in existing industries and given birth to new sectors, and integrated all aspects of business and society, helping to make our world more efficient and convenient while providing impetus and inspiration for socioeconomic development.However, the rapid development of the digital economy has also presented us with new challenges. For example, a significant "digital divide" still exists within and between countries due to inequalities in access to infrastructure and digital literacy. This divide may prevent societies from harnessing the full benefits that digital technologies can deliver.The growth of the digital economy has also been accompanied by increasing threats to safety and security. Experts estimate that cybercrime and hacking cause more than $400 billion of losses to the global economy every year. Recent events across the world have also shown how the same digital tools designed to link people from different corners of the globe can also be used to spread misinformation and prejudice.But the development of governance models for this new digital sphere has lagged behind the rapid advances in technology. We have yet to achieve consensus on what should be regulated, how, and by whom, and there is a lack of common rules and standards on issues such as data ownership and privacy.Solutions for a safer, more inclusive digital worldTo balance the benefits and risks of the digital economy, we need more effective platforms and institutions to overcome the present governance deficit. As a leading digital economy, China has actively worked to promote suitable global governance mechanisms.During China’s presidency of the G20 in 2016, the digital economy was put high on the agenda for the first time. This culminated in members adopting the G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative at the G20 Summit in Hangzhou in 2016, the first policy document on the digital economy to be endorsed by G20 leaders. The G20 is well placed to build on this and help coordinate digital strategies, acting as a hub of global governance in this sphere.There is also a need for new platforms to facilitate dialogue and coordination in the management of the digital economy, including ones that involve the non-governmental sector. In recognition of this, at the 2018 International Digital Economy Expo, the D50 Enterprise Digital Economy Summit was created, based on a joint proposal from the Center for China and Globalization and China Electronic Chamber of Commerce. The D50 aims to provide an international forum to enhance the role of nongovernmental actors in building a healthy and inclusive global digital economy.Moving forward, we will need new ideas and ways of thinking to fully realize the great promise of the digital economy and ensure that all share its benefits.First, we should accelerate building the necessary foundations of the digital ecosystem, expanding network infrastructure and promoting innovation of digital technologies and applications.This calls for increased R&D in key sectors such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, and smart manufacturing. These efforts will nurture new industries and promote the digital upgrading of existing sectors, helping to integrate the digital and real economies. In turn, this will provide new vitality to the global economy.Second, we should work to promote meaningful exchange via digital technologies. Interconnectedness is a fundamental characteristic of the digital economy and its proliferation. Therefore, decision-makers, entrepreneurs, and social actors should work to build shared digital spaces that bring people from all nations and walks of life together.Fruits of new economy should be shared by allThird, it is important that we ensure that the fruits of the digital economy are shared by all. The growth of the digital economy can produce wealth but also causes some people to lose out as existing industries and ways of life are disrupted.So governments, businesses, and social organizations should find solutions to help overcome the digital divide, providing not only physical access to key infrastructure but also cultivating the social conditions and skills necessary for people to participate in the digital economy.It is also crucial that we increase cooperation on governance of the digital economy. Countries should be allowed to follow a path of digital development that is suitable to their own national conditions and be able to participate in internet governance on an equal footing. Only by working together can countries prevent cybercrime and build a safe and healthy environment for the growth of the digital economy.To establish long-lasting peace and prosperity in this interconnected world, we should continue to strive for win-win partnerships and ever-deeper cooperation to ensure the healthy development of the digital economy.About Author Dr. Wang Huiyao, founder and president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), an independent think tank based in Beijing.From China Daily,2018-11-3
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US steel, aluminum tariffs set to hurt its standing at WTO2018年11月2日
Major economies challenge steel, aluminum tariffs The US could see lasting damage to its economy and its standing at the WTO, as major economies push forward their legal fight against US tariffs on steel and aluminum products at the global trade body, Chinese analysts said on Wednesday.Opposition to punitive trade measures launched by US President Donald Trump is picking up pace at the WTO, and analysts said it could end up dealing a major blow to the country that once championed the multilateral trade body.At a meeting of the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) on Monday, seven major economies, including China, the EU, Canada and Mexico, submitted separate requests for the organization to set up a panel to examine whether the US’ tariffs of 10 percent on aluminum products and 25 percent on steel goods violate WTO rules."While the US claims the measures at issue were taken because of national security reasons, to the complainants it appears that the duties, in their content and substance, were taken as safeguard measures," the DSB said in a document. He Weiwen, a former Chinese trade official, said the move to request a panel of experts is a "natural" step that is in line with DSB procedures because bilateral consultations between the countries and the US have failed."The move itself is very normal. It’s just following procedures," He, who is now a senior fellow at the Center for China and Globalization(CCG) in Beijing, told the Global Times on Wednesday. "But it is significant when seven major economies, including allies, are challenging you at the same time."At the meeting, the EU said the fact that one country was targeted by seven complaints in one day was "unprecedented" and "a sign of the degree of objection the US actions were eliciting from members," according to the DSB document. China also said that the "tariffs, taken under the guise of national security, are obviously and egregiously inconsistent" with WTO rules.The US rejected the requests for setting up a panel and argued that "it is simply not the role of the WTO to review a sovereign nation’s judgment of its essential security interests." The US further warned that such a step by the DSB would undermine its legitimacy and "even the viability of the WTO."Lasting damageBut Chinese analysts said that it is the US’ reputation and standing at the WTO that is most at risk, not the legitimacy of the WTO."No doubt, the US has been one of the most powerful voices, if not the most powerful, in the WTO and it has benefited greatly from its influence… But increasingly, the US is showing a pattern where it does not follow WTO rules when they don’t serve its interests," said Bai Ming, deputy director of the Ministry of Commerce’s International Market Research Institute.Bai told the Global Times on Wednesday that although reforms in certain areas are required, the WTO will remain important, despite talk in the US about the diminished role of the multilateral body. He also said it will be hard for the US to maintain its strong voice in a body that it disrespects.Trade officials from 13 WTO members, including the EU, Australia, Japan and South Korea, convened a meeting last week in Canada to focus on WTO reforms. In a joint communiqué, the trade officials took apparent aim at the US, saying "we are deeply concerned by recent developments in international trade, particularly the rise in protectionism, which negatively affect the WTO and put the entire multilateral trading system at risk.""For [the US administration], this might be just about winning short-term gains and winning votes in elections, but the broader implications will last," He said. From Global Times ,2018-10-31
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