全球化（globalization）一词，是一种概念，也是一种人类社会发展的现象过程。全球化目前有诸多定义，通常意义上的全球化是指全球联系不断增强，人类生活在全球规模的基础上发展及全球意识的崛起。国与国之间在政治、经济贸易上互相依存。全球化亦可以解释为世界的压缩和视全球为一个整体。二十世纪九十年代后，随着全球化势力对人类社会影响层面的扩张，已逐渐引起各国政治、教育、社会及文化等学科领域的重视，引发大规模的研究热潮。对于“全球化”的观感是好是坏，目前仍是见仁见智，例如全球化对于本土文化来说就是一把双刃剑，它也会使得本土文化的内涵与自我更新能力逐渐模糊与丧失。
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推动京津冀协同发展取得新的更大进展
习近平总书记近日主持召开京津冀协同发展座谈会并发表重要讲话，强调要从全局的高度和更长远的考虑来认识和做好京津冀协同发展工作，增强协同发展的自觉性、主动性、创造性，保持历史耐心和战略定力，稳扎稳打，勇于担当，敢于创新，善作善成，下更大气力推动京津冀协同发展取得新的更大进展。 推动京津冀协同发展，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央在新的历史条件下作出的重大决策部署，是重大国家战略。实施5年来，京津冀协同发展取得显著成效。此次座谈会传递哪些重要信号？作出哪些重大部署？专家学者对此进行热议解读。 进入滚石上山、爬坡过坎、攻坚克难的关键阶段 “在京津冀协同发展战略实施的关键时刻，吹响了下一阶段的动员令，明确了主攻方向” 习近平总书记强调，过去的5年，京津冀协同发展总体上处于谋思路、打基础、寻突破的阶段，当前和今后一个时期进入到滚石上山、爬坡过坎、攻坚克难的关键阶段，需要下更大气力推进工作。 “在京津冀协同发展战略实施的关键时刻，吹响了下一阶段的动员令，明确了主攻方向。”中国工程院院士、京津冀协同发展专家咨询委员会副组长邬贺铨说。 习近平总书记充分肯定京津冀协同发展战略实施以来取得的显著成效。中国宏观经济研究院研究员肖金成说，5年来，《京津冀协同发展规划纲要》及相关规划印发实施，规划体系的“四梁八柱”基本建立；河北雄安新区和北京城市副中心规划建设正按高标准、高质量要求稳步推进；交通、生态、产业协同发展实现率先突破。“习近平总书记指出，京津冀协同发展是一个系统工程，不可能一蹴而就。蓝图已经绘就，进入实施阶段，我们要做好长期作战的思想准备，下更大力气推进工作。” 来自国家发展改革委的信息指出，京津冀协同发展进入攻坚克难的关键阶段，雄安新区和北京城市副中心也从顶层设计阶段转向了实质性的开工建设阶段。 “在雄安新区即将从规划编制转向大规模建设的关键时刻，总书记的重要讲话为雄安新区的发展指明了方向。”河北雄安新区党工委委员、管委会副主任、规划建设局局长张玉鑫表示：“我们将坚持一张蓝图干到底，让每一个项目都成为精品、珍品，成为未来城市发展的典范，不辜负总书记对雄安新区规划建设的重托。” 邬贺铨说，京津冀协同发展越深入，对政策的要求越高，既要求有能够促进当前发展的政策，也要求出台有利于长远、有利于广大人民群众安居乐业的政策。“按照总书记的要求，既要站得高，又要做得稳，既要有创新，又要做成做好。前一阶段的成绩来之不易，下一阶段更要对难度有充分估计，滚石上山、爬坡过坎。” 抓住“牛鼻子” 形成发展合力 “疏解北京非首都功能这个‘牛鼻子’，是考验能否做好协同发展的关键” 习近平总书记指出，紧紧抓住“牛鼻子”不放松，积极稳妥有序疏解北京非首都功能。并对雄安新区和北京城市副中心规划建设提出明确要求。 ——疏解北京非首都功能，要更加讲究方式方法。要发挥市场机制作用，采取市场化、法治化手段，制定有针对性的引导政策，同雄安新区、北京城市副中心形成合力。 ——雄安新区规划建设，要保持历史耐心和战略定力，高质量高标准推动。要打造一批承接北京非首都功能疏解的标志性工程项目，新开工建设一批交通、水利、公共服务等重大基础配套设施，让社会各界和新区百姓看到变化。 ——北京城市副中心规划建设，要以北京市级机关搬迁为契机，高质量推动。要加快重大基础设施建设，配置教育、医疗、文化等公共服务功能，提高副中心的承载力和吸引力。 “‘协同’二字，就是形成合力，也是新阶段攻坚克难的着力点。疏解北京非首都功能这个‘牛鼻子’，是考验能否做好协同发展的关键。”邬贺铨说。 邬贺铨指出，疏解北京非首都功能，表面上是做减法，实质上是为北京腾出空间，实现高质量发展；雄安新区作为北京非首都功能疏解集中承载地，与北京城市副中心形成北京新的“两翼”，将为解决“大城市病”探索一条道路、树立一个样板。 河北雄安新区负责人表示，雄安新区开发建设序幕已经拉开，很快会转入开发建设的新阶段。要以“雄安质量”为目标，建立“雄安标准”体系，构建“雄安质量”体系，大胆推动各个领域特别是改革开放前沿政策措施落地实施，给全国提供可复制、可推广的经验。 近日北京城市副中心控制性详细规划获得批复，成为城市副中心建设发展的法定蓝图。北京市有关负责同志表示，下一步要制定控制性详规实施工作方案和重点任务清单，制定三年行动计划。引导城市副中心建设走上一条可持续发展的道路，建设一个没有“城市病”的城区。 “通过疏解北京非首都功能与规划建设雄安新区、北京城市副中心协同发力，形成一个环环相嵌的核心发展区块，推动形成世界级城市群。”全球化智库（CCG）学术委员会专家、中国国际经济交流中心首席研究员张燕生说。 真抓实干 发挥引领高质量发展重要动力源作用 “把京津冀地区打造成引领高质量发展的重要动力源、绿水青山的样板、基本公共服务共建共享的标杆。其意义不仅在于京津冀，而是要在全国树立高质量发展的榜样” 京津两极过于“肥胖”，周边城市过于“瘦弱”……京津冀协同发展，意义在于优化区域功能布局，一方面为北京“大城市病”找到解决之道，另一方面发挥北京辐射作用，让京津冀地区发展成为具有国际影响力和竞争力的世界级城市群，打造引领高质量发展的重要动力源。 协同发展，如何破除行政壁垒和体制机制障碍？生态环境联建联防联治，基本公共服务共建共享，如何解决利益分配难题？承接北京非首都功能疏解，如何吸引人、留住人，做到业来人也来？打造引领高质量发展的重要动力源，如何培育新动能激发新活力？ 习近平总书记指出，向改革创新要动力，发挥引领高质量发展的重要动力源作用。 天津滨海——中关村科技园是天津滨海新区承接京津冀协同发展的重要载体。国家超算天津中心主任刘光明说，下一步，我们要按照总书记的要求，努力提供高质量的计算服务和技术支撑，继续为提高科技创新能力服务，努力打造我国自主创新的重要源头和原始创新的主要策源地。 “把京津冀地区打造成引领高质量发展的重要动力源、绿水青山的样板、基本公共服务共建共享的标杆。其意义不仅在于京津冀，而是要在全国树立高质量发展的榜样。”邬贺铨说。 肖金成说，京津冀协同发展之路绝不是一马平川，更不可能一蹴而就。“进入实质性推进阶段后，涉及重大利益调整，需要破除众多体制机制障碍，必须经历阵痛，根本还是要解放思想，向改革创新要动力。” 专家学者表示，落实好习近平总书记重要讲话精神，关键是要真抓实干，稳扎稳打，勇于担当，敢于创新，善作善成。 张燕生认为，要从全球视野、时代视野和以人民为中心的视野出发，保持历史耐心和战略定力，努力推动京津冀地区动能转换、发展模式变革，真正成为改革开放的前沿，这才是京津冀协同发展的精髓所在。 文章选自《人民日报》，2019年1月20日
2019年1月23日 -
海南构建全面开放新格局
文章选自《人民日报海外版》，2019年1月8日
2019年1月15日 -
He Weiwen: Historic Value of the Past 40 Years
On January 1, 1979, the People’s Republic of China and the United States issued a joint statement announcing the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between the two countries. From January 28 to February 5, Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping and his wife Zhuo Lin made an eight-day official visit to United States, at the invitation of U.S. President Jimmy Carter and his wife. (file photo) By He Weiwen, a senior research fellow at the Center for China and Globalization(CCG). December 2018 marks two simultaneous 40 years anniversaries of historic significance: China and the US established diplomatic relation on December 16, 1978, and China launched reform and opening-up on December 18, 1978. They are by no means coincidence, but closely related both in logic and reality. Deng Xiaoping, the master designer of China’s reform and opening-up, held that China must normalize its relations with the United States to make the reform and opening-up a success. Two days before the opening of the historical 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, China and the United States singed the joint communique on establishing diplomatic relations as from January 1, 1979. A month later, Deng Xiaoping visited the United States where he had long discussions with President Jimmy Carter. Forty years of the normalization of relations between China and the US has played a vital role in supporting China’s reform and opening-up. It has not only provided a stable international environment for China, but also resulted in numerous concrete tools securing the mutual benefitial cooperation. The two countries have signed hundreds of agreements covering trade, science and technology, education, intellectual property, agriculture, energy, education, tourism, medical service, culture and more. The massive investment of the US multinational companies, which boasts over 68,000 US-invested businesses in China today, has brought tremendous new products, new technologies, new visions and world market opportunities to China. They also supported 1.74 million jobs directly. The two-way trade volume increased 233-fold from 1979 to 2017, unprecedented in human history, contributed energetically to the economic growth in China. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, over five million Chinese students studied abroad, with over one third of the total studying in the US, acquiring the latest knowledge and expertise in various sectors in the world. China has also benefited from cooperation with the US in the contemporary law making, and in learning and following international trade rules. With hard, protracted talks, China and the US reached the agreement on China’s accession to WTO on November 15, 1999, which was the key for China’s WTO membership two years later. The latter in turn helped turn China into a leading trading power 15 years later. All the above developments provided a strong push in China’s reform and opening-up and in her integration into the world. On the other hand, the continuous reform and opening-up in China has also provided vast opportunities for the American businesses and the America people. According to a joint study by US-China Business Council (USCBC) and the Oxford Research Institute, the two-way trade and investment in 2015 alone contributed 1.2 % to the US GDP, and supported 2.6 million jobs. In recent years, Chinese exports to the US lowered the US CPI by 1.5 percentage points and saved roughly 850 dollars per family each year. The US has also benefited tremendously from China’s accession to WTO. According to the USDOC data, from 2002 to 2017, the US exports to China increased by 487.0%, four times as fast as its export to the world (including China) which increased by 123.1%. Its imports from China rose by 303.8% during the same period, while its imports from the world was up only 101.7%. The US trade with China increased much faster than the rest of the world, and its exports to China grew faster than imports from the latter. During the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, China’s average tariff levels were brought down from over 30% to 7.5% by November 2018, and most of the non-tariff barriers have been removed, offering ever expanding market for the US exporters. China now accounts for 57% of the US soybean export sales, 25% for Boeing’s global sales, 20% of the US automotive exports. China’s continuous opening-up in market access has provided promising opportunities for the US multinational enterprises. According to the latest data by Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA, USDOC), by the end of 2016, China accounted for only 1.6% of total US multinational enterprises overseas investment assets, but for 6.0% of total overseas sales, 2.6% of total overseas net revenue, and 5.0% of total overseas added value. It shows that China is a market with higher than average returns for the US multinationals. The AmCham 2018 White Paper also found that close to 60% of its members had put China among top three of their global investment destinations, and one third of them had planned a 10% or more investment increase in 2018. A recent Rhodium Group report showed that, by the end of 2017, total US investment stock in China reached $ 200 billion, making profit of $ 70 billion out of the local sales over $ 600 billion, larger than the Chinese exports to the US at $ 505.6 billion in 2017, according to USDOC data. The past 40 years have proved that, a sound relationship between China and the US is considerably constructive to China’s reform and opening-up; and a constantly opening China is also essential for the US in its global environment and ever-expanding business interests. The current sharp downturn in the bilateral relations since President Donald Trump took office, especially the ongoing trade war, is good for nobody. A fundamental concern behind the latest Trump Administration’s China policy is the mentality of “China threat”. They assume that China will threaten the US global dominance in both geopolitics and high-tech industries. The past 40 years of both the bilateral diplomatic relations and China’s reform and opening-up have provided a shared cognition that China has no interest in challenging the US in either field. Although China’s total GDP is already two thirds that of the US, its per capita GDP, estimated at around $9,700 in 2018, is still below the world average of $ 11,000. The repeated downward pressure in China’s economy justifies the urgency of upgrading the manufacturing to the higher end to keep economy growing. If China wants to avoid the “middle income trap” and move into a high- income society, its per capita GDP will have to attain at least $ 14,000, or a total GDP at $ 19.6 trillion, very close to the current size of the US economy. Will that be a threat to the US? Absolutely no. At that level, China’s per capita GDP will be less than a quarter of the current US level ($ 60,000), or less than half that of the average OECD countries. China will still have a long way to go to bring happy lives to its people. It will cause no threat to the US dominance. The two 40-years anniversaries are treasured memories for both countries, reminding us what is good for both and what might hurt the interests of each. A stable relationship and prosperous future depend on the strategic vision and practical efforts by both governments, businesses, academics and the peoples. Regardless of twists and turns ahead, China-US relations will ultimately return to the track of win-win collaboration. From chinausfocus，2019-1-3
2019年1月10日 -
魏建国：进一步引导鼓励民营经济发展
专家简介
2018年12月27日 -
Jorge Heine | China’s opening at 40
Photo: China’s high-speed railway trains. (VCG)
2018年12月24日
