全球化（globalization）一词，是一种概念，也是一种人类社会发展的现象过程。全球化目前有诸多定义，通常意义上的全球化是指全球联系不断增强，人类生活在全球规模的基础上发展及全球意识的崛起。国与国之间在政治、经济贸易上互相依存。全球化亦可以解释为世界的压缩和视全球为一个整体。二十世纪九十年代后，随着全球化势力对人类社会影响层面的扩张，已逐渐引起各国政治、教育、社会及文化等学科领域的重视，引发大规模的研究热潮。对于“全球化”的观感是好是坏，目前仍是见仁见智，例如全球化对于本土文化来说就是一把双刃剑，它也会使得本土文化的内涵与自我更新能力逐渐模糊与丧失。
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庞中英：喊打喊杀的贸易战中，世界经济新秩序的雏形正在浮现
庞中英，CCG特邀高级研究员，中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院院长 目前，新的全球经济规则，甚至新的全球经济秩序，正在以下几类大事件中形成。 第一是已经签字组成、但是尚未生效的11国的跨太平洋伙伴关系。人们都知道，没有了美国的TPP，即CPTPP的规模大大缩小。但是，实际上也不小，因为包括了日本这个全球级的国家经济体，更有一系列中等经济体，以及关键的其实并不小的经济体（如新加坡）。 第二是墨迹未干的北美三国协定（这个协定需要美墨加三国议会批准）。特朗普治下的美国退出TPP后，强行要求重谈“北美自贸协定”（NAFTA）。请注意，这是“重谈”，并不是颠覆NAFTA。墨西哥最先被美国说服，加拿大最后也不得不接受。特朗普政府速战速决，改名NAFTA成功，NAFTA变成《美墨加协议》（USMCA）。在名字中，“自由贸易协定”（FTA）消失了，且加了符合特朗普政府奉行的、喜欢和追求的“经济民族主义”的东西，尤其是，所谓“公平”、“对等”等。中国评论界不要仅仅注意这个三国协定的“毒丸”（poison pill）条款——即针对“非市场国家”（请注意不是“非市场经济体”）的条款，而忽略三国协定的其他全球意义。 原来NAFTA与WTO在冷战一结束的并存，就为全球各地的其他自贸协定开了头。在过去20多年，三边以上的FTA几乎遍布世界各地，全球贸易治理不断“碎片化”。如今，美墨加三国协定替代原来的北美自贸协定，是否将开启新的替代自贸协定的过程？这个可能的趋势不能排除。 我的看法是：无论是CPTPP还是USMCA，最值得我们注意的不是别的，而是这些安排在国际规则或者国际治理方面的影响：对其他方面产生的各种效应：示范、排除打击、竞争、合作，以及影响未来的国际竞争规则的形成。 第三，CPTPP和USMCA使WTO改革更加迫切。今年6月在加拿大夏洛瓦发表的《G7公报》，以及阿根廷为轮值主席国的G20进程等很多场合，WTO的改革都被强调，由此可见其急迫性。真正在“全球经济”中具有“系统重要性”的国家或者国家集团（尤其是欧盟），急于改革WTO。关于WTO的改革，有的国家当然不愿意。但是， 如上述，WTO在其诞生的第一天就带着缺陷、局限，而一系列的自贸协定（FTA），就因为WTO治理天下贸易的不足而产生。WTO问世后23年后的今天，不改革的WTO正在越来越失去其相关性。WTO改革主要是为了确定新的全球经济（至少是贸易）规则。 如果说TPP和USMCA是生产更多全球经济规则的安排，那么，一些谈判时间已经很长、仍然追求“自由贸易协定”的谈判，却可能对未来全球经济规则的形成方面影响不大。这些谈判主要是为了扩大参加国家之间的相互贸易，并没有在全球经济规则的未来安排上发挥作用的雄心和目标。 由东盟10个国家和印度、中国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚和新西兰组成的 16国《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》号称一旦结束谈判，将形成全球最大的自由贸易区。第6次RCEP部长级会议10月13日在新加坡散发给新闻界的《联合声明》中指出：各方将致力于“实质性地结束”（Substantial conclusion）今年年底的谈判。 我们知道，这16国RCEP的初衷并不是为了塑造全球经济规则，而是为了构建稳定的共同市场。东盟发挥了其“中心性”（ASEAN’s Centrality）作用，发起和促进RCEP的安排。当前的WTO危机和大国之间的“贸易战”让东盟深感不安，也开始感受其不良后果。在外部市场的确定性上，东盟更加需要RCEP。但东盟除了追求自身的经济共同体，其一些成员国参加了CPTPP。而日本则以CPTPP为中心塑造未来的全球经济规则，RCEP也对日本只具有开拓地区市场的意义。如同墨西哥或者加拿大，韩国不敢与特朗普政府的美国搞坏关系，已经与美国重订贸易协定，加上与欧盟的自贸协定，韩国不用过分担心全球经济规则的不确定性。至于澳大利亚和新西兰，从来都是寄希望于WTO及其改革，以维持规则为基础的全球经济秩序，这毫无疑问。当年的“亚太”，澳大利亚最终失望，今日的RCEP对他们也是聊胜于无。对RCEP需求最大的是中国和印度。因为中国和印度不仅不在TPP，而且与美国存在贸易冲突。 总之，本文的看法是，在高度聚焦“贸易战”的时候，人们要看到，未来的全球经济规则仍然在形成中。“贸易战”并没有导致国际秩序和全球治理的失控。关于这一点，人们应该有充分的信心。未来的世界仍然是有秩序的，即规则为基础的。不过，世界各方之间的争论围绕着应该建构什么样的秩序、以及如何构建秩序展开。值得我们注意的是，一些上面提到的已有安排，尽管在某个“区域”之内，但却具有引领世界经济秩序、塑造全球经济新的竞争规则的作用。这提醒我们，诸如“一带一路”等中国推进的全球经济安排，更要有紧迫感，也要追求治理全球经济新的国际规则和国际规范。 文章选自政治学与国际关系论坛，2018年10月16日
2018年10月19日 -
Zamir Ahmed Awan: China’s progress has lessons for Pakistan
The national flags of China and Pakistan. [Photo/IC] By Zamir Ahmed Awan, a senior fellow with Center for China and Globalization(CCG) Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan praised China’s rapid development in his maiden speech after winning the election held on July 25, 2018. He said he wanted to learn two things from China. One was Chinese experience of eradicating poverty. China pulled around 700 million people from poverty within past four decades. It is an unprecedented achievement in the history of humankind. Second thing Khan wants to learn is China’s success on controlling corruption. He admired the Chinese approach to fighting corruption that does not differentiate between tiger or fly. Nobody is above law, whether it’s high-profile official or common citizen both are treated equal in front of law. He has specifically constituted “China Unit” headed by one of his close aid Shahzad Waseem, who directly reports to him. The unit is powerful and in a position to take all necessary actions. The unit is to deal with all affairs related to China, including China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). He is scheduled to visit China early November on his first visit after taking charge of his office. However, he visited China in 2011 as chairman of his political party. Khan has said at a high-level meeting that strengthening the all-weather China-Pakistan strategic cooperative and all-dimension partnership is the cornerstone of Pakistan’s foreign policy. He emphasized early implementation of CPEC projects would help realize the true potential of China-Pakistan economic relations. He believes that CPEC is beneficial not only for the two countries but for the entire region. Khan said that CPEC is a great opportunity to learn from the Chinese experience, especially in social sector, agriculture and other areas. He said that the agricultural output of the country, considered as the backbone of economy, can be enhanced manifold by learning from Chinese expertise and employing latest technologies and efficient methods. Pakistan’s agriculture possesses a huge potential and should be exploited properly. He emphasized on the need to more focus on early establishment of special economic zones in various parts of the country which would help the local industry to grow through industrialization and would also create huge employment opportunities for the youth. Pakistan’s population comprises 70 percent youth under the age of 40. We should fully utilize out this strength in the nation’s socio-economic development. Khan said the flagship China-Pakistan Economic Corridor under the Belt and Road Initiative of President Xi Jinping offered opportunities to other countries to invest in CPEC projects and reap benefits in various sectors. It is expected that Saudi Arabia, UAE, Turkey, Kuwait and many other friendly countries may also invest in Pakistan. Our future lies with BRI and we must follow the Chinese approach of “win-win” and “globalization”. Pakistan is also an open-minded nation and wants to promote “peace, harmony and development” globally. Pakistan opens its doors to all nations, whoever wants our partner in peace, stability and prosperity. About Author Zamir Ahmed Awan is a senior fellow with Center for China and Globalization(CCG) and a sinologist at the National University of Sciences and Technology.
2018年10月17日 -
储殷：两江新区开讲“一带一路”投资机遇与风险
“一带一路”倡议实施至今已有五年，它为中国企业“走出去”创造了难得的历史机遇。
2018年10月16日 -
Gao Zhikai: Martyr’s Day, a day of gratitude and re-dedication
By Gao Zhikai, vice president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG) and chairman of the China Energy Security Institute. Today, September 30 is Martyrs’ Day in China. Top leaders of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese government and the Chinese military as well as representatives from many walks of life in the country will gather at Tian’anmen Square in the heart of Beijing and participate in a solemn ceremony to renew respect and gratitude of the Chinese people to those who laid down their lives and made the utmost sacrifice for the just causes of China and for protecting peace and advancing the development and prosperity of the Chinese people. The Chinese nation as a whole will go through a solemn process of renewing our gratitude for the martyrs and rededicating ourselves to the just cause of peace and development and for the betterment of life of the nation. September 29, 2018, Tian’anmen Square, Beijing: The red carpet is laid on the steps of the Monument to the People’s Heroes. /VCG Photo In China today, the martyrs to whom we as a nation renew our gratitude and respect include all those who sacrificed their lives for China since the First Opium War in 1840, including those who died in China’s struggle for national independence, against foreign aggression, occupation and threats, as well as those who died in peacetime for a better China. In China, to be recognized as a martyr posthumously is the highest honor and recognition that the Chinese government and the Chinese nation as a whole can give to those great heroes who made the ultimate sacrifice. The peace and prosperity that we enjoy today could not have been possible without their sacrifices, in wartime as well as in peacetime. Martyrs’ Day is just one day before the National Day, October 1, which is also significant and profound for the Chinese Nation. Every year, the National Day is always a day of national happiness and rejuvenation. Singing, dancing, an outpouring of joy and happiness of all kinds will take place throughout China. April 5, 2018, Kunming, Yunnan Province: Soldiers present flowers in front of the wall of the martyr. /VCG Photo Martyrs’ Day is a day of solemnity and heavy and deep soul-searching and reflection. To observe this day just one day ahead of the National Day is to keep reminding the Chinese nation that, without the sacrifices by the martyrs, there would not have been the fruits of happiness and peace and stability today. It also keeps reminding the Chinese nation that, in order to give greater peace and stability and happiness to the future generations in China, we need to be committed to working hard and be prepared to make all kinds of sacrifices, including the ultimate one when needed, for a better tomorrow. We are also mindful that many Chinese martyrs did not die on Chinese soil, but on foreign soil when they sacrificed their lives performing various kinds of international duties, as UN peace-keeping soldiers and officers in many war-torn regions and countries around the world, as workers and engineers in many infrastructure projects in Africa and other developing countries, as doctors and nurses in many disaster-relief missions and epidemic-control missions in many parts of the world. September 29, 2018, Nanjing: Yuhuatai Revolutionary Martyrs Monument. /VCG Photo China recognizes the glorious sacrifices of these heroic martyrs who passed away far away from home and their families and friends. This reinforces our determination that in addition to whatever we need to do at home, we also need to care about and dedicate to building the community of shared future for mankind as a whole. The world today is going through profound and fast changes. There are threats to peace, stability, and development, not only from forces of evil in the form of terrorism, extremism, racism, and bigotry but also from dangerous forces bent on damaging the WTO rules and disrupting normal business and trade in the world. Not only growth and development in the world are at stake, but the possibility of greater confrontation and armed conflict may loom larger on the horizon. The world today is at a critical turning point, and mankind is faced with a choice for a better tomorrow, or a worse one that is more threatening. Rather than giving in to these evil forces or major threats to peace and development in the world, we need to re-dedicate ourselves to defending peace, maintaining stability and promoting development at home and abroad. We need to make the right decision, take the right action and do the right thing in protecting and promoting peace and development in China and in the world. We need to make sure that the martyrs whom we honor today will not have died in vain. About Author Victor Gao, vice president of Center for China and Globalization(CCG), the chairman of China Energy Security Institute.
2018年10月9日 -
崔洪建：亚欧之大，足以容纳中欧合作
专家简介
2018年9月28日
