凤凰卫视主持人胡玲:特朗普上台后,一直在宣扬,要把美国打造成全面、独立、繁荣的美国。特别是在面对疫情之后,疫情到底是能够把美国进一步推向这种独立性,还是说这个独立性是没有办法维系的?外交学院战略与和平研究中心主任苏浩:在今天全球化背景之下,国家与国家之间经济联系紧密,人与人之间往来密切状况下,脱钩是不可能的。当然,从另外一个层面来看,确实过去在全球化过程当中,美国在一定层面上有一个问题,即故意全球化地进行产业布局,这使美国获得红利。但其全球性的产业布局,也使美国国内产业空心化,这对于美国来说确实是一个问题。正因为如此,特朗普提出要使制造业回归,某种程度上来说,有其合理性。包括他现在重新在重构这个北美自由贸易区,通过一种经济上协调的产业分工方式,让北美国家在产业方面形成产业链的建构。这从某种程度上说有其合理性,但也需要一种合理性的安排和布局。美国现在把它绝对地强调,极端化了,像特朗普说的要独立了,完全要和全球供应链脱离,保证美国自身的完整的产业链的建构,这个做法太极端了,实际上不可能做得到。真是要这么做的话,可能反而会把国际经济的秩序给打乱了,这实际上不利于整个国际社会经济秩序的稳定,最终也会对美国带来很大的损害。胡玲:按照您之前的说法,这一次新冠疫情,无疑会进一步加快,或者加速这种全球产业链的破裂,而且似乎,虽然与中欧双方合作相比美国的这种合作会展开的更加多一些。但是真正走到这种相互信任的情况,还是远远不太可能的。国务院发展研究中心世界发展研究所研究员丁一凡:一个问题是,他们在整个防疫抗疫过程中有一个担心是,他们对中国的依赖太大了。就以药品为例,各种各样的药品最主要的原料,美国人说他们是80%依赖中国供应,欧洲说我们更厉害,我们90%都依赖中国的供应。然后他们就会在这样抗疫的时候,需要大量的药品、医疗物资,后来发现原来对中国的依赖如此之大,一旦有问题的话,可能没法对付这个局面,所以他们可能在所谓脱钩的方面会更努力一点,他们要减少对中国的依赖,要发展一点自己的东西,这个是可以理解的。但是,我觉得很难做到,因为确实他们已经搞了很长时间的去工业化了,在已经没有工业基础的情况下,想重新把这些东西再搞回来,第一时间很长,第二投资很大,第三,有没有合适的劳动力,有没有合适的市场,有没有合适的管理人员,这些都很成问题。所以,一旦觉得战略上需要做这个事,但没有能力干这个事的话,可能结果更糟。凤凰卫视主持人朱梓橦: You mentioned the G20 leaders getting together. They’ve also reached an agreement to prevent further damage to the global economy and global value chain. How do you think the countries can work together in order to improve coordination in order to prevent further damage done to the global economy and trade.(您提到二十国集团领导人聚集在一起,他们达成了防止进一步损害全球经济和全球价值链的协议。您认为国家间该如何合作,加强协调,防止全球经济和贸易进一步恶化?威尔逊中心公共政策研究员Jorge Heine:One thing that could be done, you know, is reactivate the world trade organization. The world trade organization is now essentially paralyzed. The Doha round hasn’t gone anywhere since 2008. And its appellate body is now non-functioning.(可以做的一件事是重新启动世界贸易组织。世界贸易组织现在基本上瘫痪了。自2008年以来,多哈回合贸易谈判就没有取得任何进展。现在,上诉机构已经丧失功能。The appellate body is the one that resolves trade disputes. It is now not operative. So that is one aspect in which something could be done. Another possibility, and between China and the united states, they represent 40% of global GDP. If they would dismantle the tariff barriers that both countries have set up between themselves in the course of the past two years. That would also help. And I came up with really radical notion as well. What about if both the united states and China would join the trans-pacific partnership?(上诉机构是解决贸易争端的机构,但现在已经不起作用,这是我们可以努力的一个方向。另一种可能性是,中国和美国之间的贸易占全球GDP的40%,如果中美能消除两国在过去两年中建立的关税壁垒,也会有所帮助。我也提出了一个非常激进的想法,如果美国和中国都加入跨太平洋伙伴关系会怎么样?)Um, this is something that what really I suppose break all established modes on this.For the secretary general of the united nations and the united nations high commissioner for human rights, former president Michelle Bachelet have also suggested is the possibility of putting an end to the economic embargoes that have been established against a number of countries around the world. And that would be another way of generating more economic momentum.(我认为这是一种打破所有已建立模式的方法。联合国秘书长、联合国人权事务高级专员、前总统米歇尔·巴切莱特也建议结束针对世界许多国家的经济禁运,这将是产生更多经济动力的另一种方式。)It seems to me there is the possibility that both Washington and beijing might work out something. Both president trump and president Xi participated in the G20 virtual summit and that, it seemed to me, was a positive step. They continue to speak on the phone quite often and keep the communications flowing. So I think there are some glimmers of hope that these tensions are being turned down. And there is, as a result of that, both countries might realize that they might have more to gain than to lose from patching things up.(在我看来,华盛顿和北京都有可能提出解决的方案。特朗普总统和习近平主席都参加了G20虚拟峰会,在我看来,这是积极的一步。他们继续相当频繁地打电话,并保持通信畅通。因此,我认为有一些希望的曙光,这些紧张关系正在被打破。结果是,这两个国家都可能意识到,修补关系可能会使他们的受益大于损失。)