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梁建章：广聚英才 还须善用
理事简介梁建章，全球化智库（CCG）副主席、携程联合创始人、执行董事局主席。4月27日《人民日报》刊登了携程旅行网联合创始人兼董事局主席、北京大学光华管理学院经济学研究教授梁建章的署名文章《广聚英才 还须用之》。作为人口经济学学者，他还从全新的角度进一步分析了近来各大城市纷纷加入“抢人”大战的原因，其背后不仅显示出各大城市求才若渴的迫切需求，也提出了如何优化发展环境、留住人才的政策考量。 最近各地引才新政迭出，引人关注，也充分诠释了各地对“人才是第一资源”的认识，对“聚天下英才而用之”的迫切。 城市发展需要创新人才，创新人才也需要集聚地。像国内外很多高新科技园区，其发展就是基于创新人才的产业集聚效应。因为创新产业的集聚，科技人才在不同公司之间很容易流动，使人才与企业匹配。而且，拥有不同学科背景的人才获得了一起工作的机会，进而可以进行多种学科的合作、创新。 如果一个地理区域成为一个产业的创新中心，那么这一中心的集聚效应将会趋向于自我强化，随着时间的推移，这一中心的增长会越来越快、优势也越来越明显。可以预见，目前出现的引才热潮，将在这些城市激发出更加强大的集聚效应。 但值得注意的是，“聚天下英才而用之”，聚是第一步，用好才是关键。好政策“引才”，好环境“成事”。作为引才的主体，各地既要推出让人才“愿意来”的优惠措施，更要创造让人才“不想走”的创业环境。户口、补贴等只是聚拢人气的“先手招”，能不能留下人才、持续人气，更多的还要看软环境是否舒适、政商关系是否亲清、发展机会是否充分、人才是否合适。否则，人才来了又去并非不可能，城市做的也是“费力引才—轻易失才”的无用功。 总的来说，各地政府更加重视人力资源是好事，但不应该将其当作攀比条件、政绩工程。现在有的地方片面宣传引才的数字和速度，有的地方四处抢人开出超过当地实际能力的承诺，有的地方从“抢人大战”演变为“抢房大战”……凡此种种，都让引才走向歧途，值得注意和警惕。文章选自《人民日报》，2018年4月27日
2018年5月2日 -
王辉耀： “人才争夺战”宜疏不宜堵
王辉耀全球化智库（CCG）主任 这段时间，杭州、武汉、郑州、合肥、南京等20多个城市都出台了人才新政，希望依靠特殊政策和激励机制吸引更多外来人才落地。日前，全球化智库（CCG）和中国人才50人论坛联合举行研讨会，多位人才专家就各地“人才争夺战”进行解读并提出了相应的建议。 改革开放初期，国内的人才流动更多表现为单向趋势，主要是从农村流向城市并最终固定下来。这是中国“国内移民”的一个主要形式。一些农民工由于在城市工作时间较长，尤其是他们的子女出生在城市，都很难选择再回到农村，更多的就选择留在城市。 另外我们要看到，一个地区对“人才”的需要是多层次的，不能只重视高端人才，而忽视那些与高端人才配套的技能型、服务型人才。地区的发展需要多元的人才构成，让技能型、服务型人才充分发挥作用，也是人才工作成败的一个关键。以加工制造业的中心东莞为例，2016年东莞全区域人口826万，但其中630万人都是非当地户籍人口，其中技术熟练的农民工堪称东莞人才的代表，正是这部分“新移民”支撑着东莞的发展。 国内的 “移民”人才是经济社会发展的第一资源。现在我国从人口红利开始转向人才红利，各地城市都逐渐地意识到人才的重要性。人才争夺战打破了大城市对资源的垄断，促进了人才流动，松动了户籍对人才的限制，从这个角度看，“人才争夺战”有其突出的积极意义。 当前，一些地方的人才建设工作还存在着不少误区，急需以大力度改革来完善人才服务，尤其是加强多层次人才体系建设，特别要重视“技能型移民”人才的培养使用，真正做到人尽其才、才尽其用、用有所成。 地区发展要注重多层次的人才引进，政府要深化户籍改革，完善对“国内移民”的服务。人才既要有包括大学生以及创业者等在内的高端人才，也要有职业白领、技术蓝领以及城市运行服务人员等。比如说，深圳人口有两千多万，其中有一千多万人没有本地户籍，但这些人中有大量优秀人才，政府在吸引人才时要注重这部分人群，加快户籍改革，完善配套服务，将这部分技能型、服务型人才留住用好。在人力资源越来越“值钱”的当下，不应将人口多当作一种负担，唯有努力提升城市管理和服务水平，才能真正打造出城市的人力资源优势，并把这种优势打造成城市的一种核心竞争力。 当前，要进一步深化户籍制度改革，给外来人才提供相应的配套服务，不但有助于他们更好地生活、工作，还有利于当地的劳动力变为消费者，从而扩大内需，加快经济结构调整和经济转型，从长远方面促进经济发展。在深化户籍制度改革方面，可以先在省会城市试行积分落户制度，落户的条件不仅限于学历，同时可以考虑技能以及工作年限，向那些有固定工作并且按时上交社保一定年限的居民，尤其是对特殊技能人才、熟练劳工、家政人员等逐步开放户口。为避免引发社会问题，可以从局部开始一点点放开，取得一定经验后向全国推广。 对各地出现的这一轮“人才争夺战”，上级政府和有关主管部门、职能部门应以开放的态度积极引导，总体上宜放不宜收、宜疏不宜堵，如果强行制定某些政策限制，某些城市将会出现“一管就死”的尴尬。中央及地方政府应进一步深化户籍制度改革，包括在顶层设计上进行平衡，做好统筹协调，避免地区之间“各自为战”和“恶意争夺”，并做好对边远贫困地区、边疆民族地区、革命老区和基层一线的人才平衡工作。 在地方政府层面，需要狠抓政策落地，政策应与市场一起发挥作用，以吸引和留住人才。各地政府需要了解自身对人才的需要，避免“跟风”出台政策，要从长远出发制定完整的政策体系，建立人才数据库，建立人才发展长效机制。地方政府在出台政策之后，还要下大力气抓好政策落实，避免人才政策成为“中看不中用”的政绩秀。 眼下各地展开“人才争夺战”，关键要创造积极条件吸引各个层面的人才。地方政府尤其要重视对技能型、服务型人才的引进和使用，并利用人才引进的契机深化户籍制度改革等各项改革，最终形成“谋发展引人才，引人才促改革”的良性互动。文章选自《北京青年报》，2018年4月29日
2018年5月2日 -
[The Wall Street Journal] A Limit to China’s Economic Rise: Not Enough Babies
China’s family-planning law stipulates penalties for those who have more than two children. GREG BAKER/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE/GETTY IMAGESA rapidly aging workforce threatens the nation’s ambitions, but Beijing still discourages childbirthBEIJING—China is careening toward a demographic time bomb. In another decade, it will have more people over 60 than the entire population of the U.S. Its workforce is shrinking, and not enough babies are being born.Yet when Li Yuanyuan, a professor, was expecting her third child last year, her employer in the eastern city of Qingdao pressured her to end the pregnancy or resign. She refused, but the stress gave her nightmares. “How can I not worry about it?” she said during her pregnancy. “We could end up raising three children without any income.”In the nation with one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, couples are still discouraged from having multiple offspring—children who could help rejuvenate the fast-aging population.Some experts have argued over the years that slower population growth could help ease the pressure for China to create new jobs as technology increases productivity. Others contend that the aging problem looms over China’s long-term economic health, presenting a vulnerability in its global ambitions over resources, technology and industry amid a deepening trade conflict with the U.S.Chinese officials have been softening birth restrictions, and say they are reluctant to make sudden, drastic changes to longstanding policy. Some demographers say the moves are too slow to reverse the trend.While all couples have been able to have two children without penalty since China abandoned its one-child policy in 2016, family-planning law stipulates penalties for those who have more. Local-government agents enforce the law with fines and state employers often pressure women to abide by the birth limits.China can’t afford such strong-arming, lawmakers, researchers and parents warn. These opponents of birth restrictions hoped 2018 would be the year China dropped limits altogether.Yet Beijing can’t let go, continuing the reproductive meddling some demographers say was always based on guesswork and unnecessary even four decades ago.Beijing did signal a notable change in March at the National People’s Congress, declaring it would replace the National Health and Family Planning Commission—the bureaucracy that enforces birth rules—with a new health ministry. But there was no pledge to lift birth restrictions.That left some parents in limbo, including a 34-year-old businesswoman in southern China who asked to be identified by her surname, Cai. She was excited yet confused by the news from the congress, wondering if she would no longer have to pay a fine of about $12,000 for the birth of her third child last year: “Does that mean third children are legal now?”Nurses hold babies in 2016 at a birth center in Beijing. PHOTO: GREG BAKER/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE/GETTY IMAGESMs. Cai and her husband took a loan to pay the $7,000 fine for having a second child several years ago when the one-child policy was in effect. Faced with the steeper fine from the local family-planning branch for their third child, she sold her clothing shop in Fujian province.“It is hard enough to raise the kids,” she said. “We don’t know what to do.”Asked what will happen to the family-planning commission now and whether China has any plans to lift all birth restrictions, the information office of the State Council, China’s cabinet, responded: “We will continue communications and connections with the Health and Family Planning Commission.”State family planners have cautioned against drastic change in birth policies. “The fundamental reality of the state is that it has a large population,” Wang Peian, who has been deputy director of the family-planning commission, told The Wall Street Journal last year. “The Chinese government has been adjusting and improving family-planning policy in a steady, cautious and realistic manner.”Mr. Wang said at a press conference last year that technological innovation and health advances will leave China with enough workers.“China doesn’t have a population shortage,” he said. “Not now, not in 100 years.”It isn’t clear what Mr. Wang’s position will be after the reorganization. The family-planning commission didn’t respond to a request for comment on its scope in the future or on Mr. Wang’s role.China’s clinging to birth restrictions defies a clear demographic trend: Its workforce is shrinking and the population is rapidly aging. By 2050, there will be 1.3 workers for each retiree, according to official estimates, compared with 2.8 now.No matter what the government does now, it is too late to significantly change the overall trend because of social attitudes, say demographers such as Gu Baochang, a professor of demography at Renmin University in Beijing. “They should have lifted all birth restrictions before 2010,” he said. “Whatever steps they take now, China’s low-fertility trend is no longer reversible.”Aging populations can hurt economies because a shrinking labor pool tends to drive up wages, while a growing elderly population requires more spending on pensions and health care. In a worse-case scenario, slowing growth and a labor shortage could leave China unable to care for hundreds of millions of retirees.A rapidly aging population was a major factor in Moody’s Investors Service’s downgrade of China’s sovereign rating in May 2017. Elderly care is expected to erode household savings and government coffers, straining the government’s ability to repay already high debt, Moody’s said. It predicted China’s potential economic growth rate would slow to about 5% over the next five years. China’s 2017 growth was 6.9%.“China is really interesting and unique,” said Marie Diron, a Moody’s analyst of sovereign risk, “because it is aging so much earlier than anyone else.”Countries facing shrinking workforces have tried to ease the impact by raising the retirement age or relying on immigration. Singapore, which has liberal immigration policies and which offers a “baby bonus” of up to 10,000 Singapore dollars ($7,500) in cash as well as grants for parents toward health and education, has a growing population despite a low fertility rate of 1.16. Japan has steered healthy retirees back to work, sometimes with the help of technology making up for age-related deficiencies.Despite one of the lowest retirement ages in the world, at 55 on average, Beijing has been slow to implement a plan to gradually raise the retirement age amid severe opposition. Officials had originally indicated they would present the plan last year. It was left out of measures unveiled at the congress in March, in which Beijing said the new ministry “will actively deal with the aging of the population,” with measures to develop the elderly-care sector and health-care reform.Past policy changes haven’t fixed the trend—not even ending the one-child policy did. Newborns rose by 1.3 million in 2016, the first year without the policy—less than half the official projection—to 17.86 million, from 2015, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.Experts say that in another decade China will have more people over 60 than the entire population of the U.S. Above, residents at a nursing home in Beijing. PHOTO: WU HONG/EPA/SHUTTERSTOCKIn 2017, births slowed to 17.23 million, well below the official forecast of more than 20 million.In a generation that grew up without siblings, a one-child mind-set is deeply entrenched. Maternity-leave policies have been expanded but some women say taking leave twice is a career impediment. An All-China Women’s Federation survey found 53% of respondents with one child didn’t want a second.Even without birth limits, China’s economic development would have reduced fertility rates, says Martin Whyte, a Harvard University Chinese-studies expert. That has been the pattern elsewhere in the world: When incomes rise, the sizes of families tend to go down.If the nation drops birth policies now, Mr. Whyte said, “China will learn what many other countries have learned—that it is much more difficult to get people to have more babies” than the other way around.Population mathFor China’s leaders, population math has never been simple. In Communist rule’s early days, Mao Zedong said: “With many people, strength is great.”As the Communist Party struggled to build the economy, some officials began calling for population control to help China catch up with the West. In 1980, Deng Xiaoping launched the one-child policy saying “We must do this…Otherwise, our economy cannot be developed well and people’s lives won’t be improved.”Fertility rates dropped below replacement levels in the early 1990s and have continued falling. Yet Beijing codified the one-child policy in 2001, passing the Population and Family Planning Law that provided a legal framework. It amended the law in December 2015 to allow for two children but kept provisions for birth-limit-violation penalties including fines known as “social-maintenance fees.”Provinces and townships have local enforcers of the law. A bureaucracy of half a million workers has over the years collected billions of dollars in birth fines, calculates Wu Youshui, a lawyer who obtained disclosures from local governments via open-records requests.While the government has realized the need to ease controls, it is fearful of drastic moves, said a senior official who has been in charge of implementing family-planning policy. “Any policy change in China has been incremental. The key is to ensure policy continuity.”Even for “legal” births, there is paperwork required to give birth in many public hospitals. Because a birth registration, which is needed at some public hospitals, requires a marriage certificate, unwed mothers can’t give birth at those hospitals, according to nurses and administrators at public hospitals. Family-planning officials have been able to ask courts to seize savings of birth offenders, court records show. Compliance weighs heavily in officials’ performance reviews, language in government regulations shows.Local enforcementWhen Ms. Li, the Qingdao professor, refused to abort her third child, she said, her university employer accused her of selfishly putting at risk her supervisors’ careers, the school’s future and co-workers’ bonuses. A university spokeswoman didn’t respond to faxed inquiries.With the help of local church friends, her family moved to the Philippines, where she gave birth in November.Hu Zhenggao, 42, ran afoul of the limits last year visiting his Yunnan province hometown. A father of four, he was taken away one night by local county officials who forcibly sterilized him, saying he had broken family-planning rules, he said in an account he posted on social media.His ordeal prompted an outcry online. Yunnan province authorities later put out a statement saying that forced surgeries aren’t allowed and that the officials had been wrong.Mr. Hu confirmed his social-media post, saying he didn’t want to talk about his treatment and wasn’t seeking compensation. An official at the family planning bureau of Zhaotong, which was responsible for investigating the incident, said there had been an apology to Mr. Hu; she offered no further comment.Wealthier Chinese have other options. Zou Yue, a blogger based in Guangzhou province, gave birth to her third child at an Irvine, Calif., clinic in 2016. Having a child overseas usually means the fine can be avoided. “I’d rather spend that money in the U.S. than paying a fine,” she said.President Xi Jinping has signaled the demographic dilemma is on his mind. In 2015, he said China needs more births. In October, he omitted a traditional reference to “family planning” in his party-congress report.Last month’s sidelining of the family-planning commission is the strongest sign yet of his concern. Lifting birth restrictions would likely require a constitutional change.“I think Xi’s views about demography are clear: He considers population more as a resource than a burden,” said Huang Wenzheng, a researcher at the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), a Beijing-based independent think tank, and a co-founder of a hedge-fund firm that invests globally. “But of course he cannot easily abandon the family-planning policy because that would be a sharp turn away from his predecessors’ policies.”U.S.-based Chinese researcher Yi Fuxian believes China overstates its population numbers and fertility rate—the number of children a woman has over her lifetime, which official data puts at around 1.5. He said a different reading of available data suggests the fertility rate is as low as 1.05.In China, as elsewhere in the world, the hesitation to have more than one child is strongest in big cities, partly because of higher child-raising costs. Shanghai is especially lopsided, with low fertility rates and about a third of the population over 60, according to the municipal government. In New York City, adults over 65 make up about 13% of the total population, according to the city government.The fertility rate in Liaoning, a province in China’s northern rust belt, is at 0.74, official data show. Even so, Liaoning punishes those who have a third child, with some couples fined more than 145,000 yuan ($23,000), according to public court records. The Liaoning family-planning commission didn’t respond to faxed questions.The March congress move hasn’t persuaded people such as a mother in Dalian, a Liaoning port city, who said she has been hiding since her third child’s birth to avoid a fine she fears would be five times her family’s annual income.Even after the congress, she said, she didn’t dare approach local authorities and is putting her hope in birth restrictions being lifted soon. “Then I can take my son out to enjoy the sunshine.”A high-school teacher in Tangshan in northern China who asked to be identified by her surname, Sun, said she discovered mid-March she was several weeks pregnant. She has two children, 16 and 1½. She called the local family-planning agency to ask if the congress move meant a third child was allowed.It told her nothing had changed, she said. Aside from triggering a fine, having a third child would probably cost her job, Ms. Sun said, as she is a government worker.A few days later, she said, she swallowed a pill to terminate the pregnancy. “They are really going to scrap the family-planning controls this year?” she asked. “Who can tell me for sure?”A spokesman of the Tangshan family-planning agency told the Journal in March, after the congress, that “we are still waiting for any new policies from the central government” and that “third children are still not allowed. The rules are the rules.”From WSJ，2018-4-29
2018年5月2日 -
【Xinhua】Chinese entrepreneurs champion globalization amid protectionism
TIANJIN, April 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese business leaders voiced their commitment to furthering economic integration at a high-level forum amid rising protectionism in many parts of the world.At the China Green Companies Summit 2018 held in Tianjin early this week, Chinese entrepreneurs and executives used their companies’ increasing global presence and cooperation with overseas partners to make a case for globalization as a source of prosperity.In August last year, Chinese conglomerate CITIC Capital completed the acquisition of a majority stake in U.S. fast food chain McDonald’s stores in China."From food delivery services to online marketing, CITIC has been exploring new channels to develop the business of McDonald’s in China since the acquisition, winning praise from its headquarters," said Zhang Yichen, chairman of CITIC Capital.Despite a sluggish recovery in the global economy, foreign direct investment by Chinese companies reached 183 billion U.S. dollars in 2016, an increase of 44 percent year on year, according to a report by Center for China and Globalization(CCG), a think tank.New Hope Group, China’s largest private agribusiness firm, has made extensive forays into the international market in recent years. Its feed business has entered more than 40 countries and regions, creating about 100,000 job opportunities overseas, according to Liu Yonghao, chairman of the group.Last November, New Hope acquired Australia’s Real Pet Food Co. for 5 billion yuan (about 781 million U.S. dollars) in partnership with a group of other Asian investors in a move that would connect a leading pet food producer with the rapidly growing market in China."What we do best is to marry our resource supplies with the demands of Chinese and global markets," Liu said. "It is easier to win the support of foreign governments when investment from Chinese companies helps boost the local economy and employment."Liu’s words were echoed by Guo Guangchang, chairman of Fosun International Limited, one of China’s leading healthcare companies.Attributing Fosun’s annual profit growth of more than 25 percent over the past five years to globalization, Guo believes embracing globalization is an inevitable choice when a country develops to a certain stage."One of Fosun’s visions is to create happy lives for a billion families, as we did in Africa," said Guo.After purchasing Guilin Pharmaceutical and obtaining certification from the World Trade Organization, Fosun introduced injectable artesunate, which has proved to be effective in treating severe malaria, to the African market. In 2017 alone, more than 20 million patients with severe malaria, mostly children under five, received artesunate injections."We are proud that the death rate from malaria in Africa is declining. The application of artesunate injections is a perfect example of the combination of business and public welfare," said Guo.Forty years of reform and opening-up have witnessed China’s integration into the world, said Zhang of CITIC. "We may be tested by difficulties and frustrations, but the general trend of globalization is irreversible," he said.Many entrepreneurs at the forum said that Chinese companies should be more rational and better respect international rules in overseas investment, and try to equip their talent with global expertise."We should expand international trade on the basis of reciprocity and mutual benefit," said Guo. "Only by sharing and cooperation can an enterprise obtain a promising future."From Xinhua，2018-4-28
2018年5月2日 -
【China Daily】Talented foreign graduates like China, but there’s a catch
An employee from China Railway Rolling Stock Corp chats with two women at a job fair for international students at Peking University. ZHU XINGXIN/CHINA DAILYCompanies want them, but regulations can be a hindrance to many in search of their dream. Zou Shuo reports. Universities nation-wide have seen a boom in overseas students in recent years as young people seek to capitalize on the opportunities presented by China’s growing global engagement.Yet despite the strong demand for such talent among domestic enterprises, strict employment policies mean few foreign students are able to remain after graduation to find work in the country.Russian student Kira Maksimova, 21, has spent the past four years in Beijing studying for a bachelor’s in business administration at the University of International Business and Economics."My plan is to stay in China after graduation, and I already have some offers," she said, adding that she feels the country’s rapid development has brought a lot of opportunities for foreigners looking to work with major corporations.Student visas allow holders to apply only for internships, paid or unpaid. Maksimova currently works in BOE Technology Group’s human resources department, and she has applied for spots at other companies across the Chinese capital. However, she knows finding a full-time job will be tough."I really, really want to work in China, to take advantage of my education background, but I know that many seniors do not get jobs and have to return to their home countries," she said.The number of foreigners enrolled at Chinese universities has risen almost tenfold from 52,150 in 2000 to 489,200 last year. The nation is Asia’s top destination for international students, with the majority arriving from South Korea, Thailand, Pakistan and the United States, according to the Ministry of Education.A 2009 poll of overseas students at Peking University found 82.7 percent had chosen to study in the country because they wanted a career related to China, while a survey taken at a 2016 job fair organized by the ministry’s Chinese Service Center for Scholarly Exchange and Peking University found 95 percent of international students wanted a job in China.Landing a full-time job, however, is easier said than done."My feeling is that it’s not difficult to find a job, but not necessarily the one you want," said Italian student Paolo Scroccu. "It’s very easy to find a job teaching English, or something that needs English speaking or writing skills," but that is not his dream career, he said.He said that, as a sophomore at Tsinghua University’s School of Economics and Management, he is interested in consulting and providing strategies for business development."My fluency in several languages, global mindset and previous working experience with a big multinational European company offer me advantages over Chinese graduates," Scroccu said.Saman Pouyanmehr, a senior at UIBE from Iran, added that the biggest hurdle for foreign jobseekers is the lack of information.As few job fairs cater to such students, he said most get their information about internships and job vacancies from websites or other classmates."There are 100 international students in my class, but only four have found jobs in China," said Pouyanmehr, who has been offering advice to major Chinese companies with plans to expand in the Middle East.International students seek out opportunities at a careers fair in Beijing organized by the Zhongguancun Belt and Road Industrial Promotion Association and the University of International Business and Economics. LI ZHONG/FOR CHINA DAILY’Cultural bridges’To qualify for a Chinese work permit, foreign graduates need to have at least two years of post-college work experience-a high threshold, according to Wang Huiyao, director of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), an independent think tank based in Beijing."Basically, many foreign students want to stay in China, but they can’t. If a foreign graduate gets a bachelor’s degree and wishes to stay and find a job, it’s impossible for them to obtain a work permit," he said.Compared with Chinese graduates of overseas schools who find work abroad, the percentage of international students at Chinese universities that go on to land jobs in China is low, Wang said.Yet this appears to be a wasted opportunity. With more Chinese enterprises attempting to tap overseas markets, Wang argues that there is massive demand to recruit international students to act as "cultural bridges".In early 2017, the central government introduced a program to ease the employment restrictions for some foreign students, allowing those with postgraduate degrees or who had attended "well-known" universities to obtain Chinese work permits just a year after graduation.Candidates must be healthy and have a clean criminal record, a B grade average (or 80 out of a 100-point scale) and a job offer related to their major that pays a salary no lower than the local average, according to a joint circular issued by the ministries of education, foreign affairs, and human resources and social security.Successful applicants receive a one-year work permit, which can be extended up to five years upon renewal.Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, part of the Education Ministry, said lowering the employment threshold for foreign students serves the strategy to reinvigorate China’s HR development.Foreign employees can give domestic enterprises an advantage as they expand overseas, plus it’s only logical that these graduates want to put to practice what they have learned, he said.An Australian intern treats a patient at the Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hangzhou. LIU CHEN/CHINA DAILYGreen channelAs it continues to open to the outside world, China is gradually relaxing its residency and employment policies for foreign citizens."Green cards" were issued to 1,576 foreigners in 2016, up 163 percent year-on-year, data from the Ministry of Public Security show. A permanent resident’s permit means they enjoy the same rights as Chinese in terms of buying property and sending their children to public schools, among other things.The country began to ease the requirements for applicants in 2015, a move that has helped attract more overseas talent and boost international exchanges, according to the ministry.Shanghai received six times the number of "green card" applications in 2016 than it did in 2015, with Beijing witnessing a 426 percent increase over the same period.Australian student Thomas Linnette described the relaxed policies as a "welcome change" and said he expects there will be a large increase in fresh graduates seeking employment in China. However, he called on the government to go further and scrap the two-year work experience requirement for undergraduate students.The 21-year-old student from Tsinghua University said he wants to work for a big tech company in China when he graduates in the summer."I love China. I have a girlfriend here, and I’m ready to start my life here with her after I graduate this June," he said."It will be really inconvenient for me to go back to Australia and work for two years to meet the current requirement for a working visa in China."Linnette recently finished an internship at consultancy firm KPMG, where he analyzed China’s outbound investment trends. He will soon start another internship at ride-hailing company Didi Chuxing."If I start work in China after graduation, my salary will be around A$40,000($30,000) per year, half the amount I would get in Australia," he said, but he still wants to work in China in order to face a different challenge."China is growing quite fast, with new and innovative industries springing up every day," Linnette added."I want to seize this growth opportunity and grow with China."From China Daily，2018-4-30
2018年5月2日 -
【上观新闻】专家评城市人才政策：让一哄而起的抢人变为理智冷静的规划
近日，杭州、武汉、郑州、合肥、南京等20多个城市都推出主要以解决户口和提供房屋补助来吸引优秀人才的政策，到底好不好？在25日由全球化智库（CCG）和中国人才50人论坛联合举办的研讨会上，CCG高级研究员、中组部人才局原副巡视员胡建华表示，“人才争夺战”是一种好现象，是各地重视人才的表现，目前各地已经到了求才若渴的阶段。同时，各地应当针对自己的区位优势特点，以及未来城市发展方向，去综合制定吸人人才政策。 胡建华认为，最近各地一窝蜂地出台人才政策，会出现同质化的问题。他更倾向于各地应针对自身的特点，从实际出发，有选择地吸纳人才。“各地应考虑是需要高端人才，还是中端或者低端的人才，还要考虑是需要哪个行业的。不能说别的省出台了人才政策，其他省也要赶紧出台，这就没有了自身的特点。” 他建议，各省市要考虑建立人才数据库。人才数据库可以方便各省市依据发展的项目或产业，有针对性地吸收人才。充分利用大数据的优势，建立长远的信息库。各地不仅仅是吸引大学生人才，每个行业的各阶段人才都可以从数据库中选取。 胡建华强调，“人才争夺战”更重要的不是简单的出台一个政策，更长远的是要创造一个适合人才发展的宽松环境。环境的创造是一个长期的工作，这需要一个完整的制度和政策体系，不是靠一时的政策来体现的。胡建华说：“希望各地从一哄而起的抢人，转变为理智、冷静的规划。” 针对“人才争夺战”中提及的开放户口一说，胡建华认为，户口跟人才确实是有联系的，但是不能等同。他说：“大家都希望能够赶快地放开户口，城乡能够融合到一起，这个愿望是非常好的。但是它需要一个逐步的过程，不是大家想象那么简单。一个城市的户籍制度，要受很多现实因素的制约。如果一线城市马上完全放开，恐怕就不是现在这样的城市了。”文章选自上观新闻，2018年4月26日
2018年4月28日 -
【人民网】专家聚焦各地人才“争夺”战：文科人才被遗忘
研讨会现场（CCG供图） 近日，面对经济条件发达、基础设施完善和发展空间广阔的“北上广深”，杭州、武汉、郑州、合肥、南京等20余城市纷纷出台人才新政，掀起了一场“人才争夺战”。 4月25日，全球化智库（CCG）和中国人才50人论坛在京联合举办研讨会，分析当前各地人才新政利弊，探讨人才流动背后的趋势，为各地制定理性的吸引人才政策提供参考，以期向有关部门建言献策。CCG顾问、人社部原副部长王晓初，CCG 主任王辉耀，中国教育发展战略学会副会长、国家教育发展研究中心原副主任周满生及北京市人力资源研究中心副调研员王选华等现场参与了研讨。各地应尽快建立人才产业目录 “运动式的人才争夺，犹如开誓师大会、下指标、定任务......甚至可能沦为一项政绩工程，恐怕难以得到健康持续的发展。”面对时下大热的“抢人”大战，中国政法大学原副校长马抗美颇有担忧。 在马抗美看来，唯有建立相关的长效机制，才能使地方人才政策不受跟风或官员日后任免的影响。“你就是把人弄来了，怎么样长期为我所用，真正地让人才在这儿做事业？这是需要深入思考的问题。”她强调。 对此，CCG高级研究员、中组部人才局原副巡视员胡建华表示认同。 “一窝蜂的政策，你也出台，我也出台，就出现了同质化现象。”胡建华建议，各地应针对自身区位优势的特点，从地方发展的大方向综合考虑需要什么样的人才。一方面，让人才看到当地政策的针对性，能打消一些不必要的顾虑；另一方面，当地政府也“有底”，明白自己吸引的人才在高、中、低端上的比例，得以有的放矢。文科人才被遗忘？ CCG副主任兼秘书长苗绿在肯定各地建立人才产业目录的同时，对此举的持续性表示了担忧。 “比方说，同样建立人才产业目录，决策层设计时就会从社会长远发展的角度来看，但如果地方政府来做，可能只倾向于围绕自己家的企业或产业。辛辛苦苦从各地吸引而来的人才，面对的却是‘一时半会’的竞争，会导致一些隐患的产生。”她如是说。 “文科（生）可能没戏。”CCG学术委员会专家、中国人事科学研究院原院长吴江更为直接地指出其中的隐患。 他指出，尽管地方出台人才产业目录使供需双方得以更有效率地对接，但基本倾向理工科专业的人才目录可能导致人才流动与教育结构上的失衡。他提出质疑称，“在进行教育结构和专业设置的调整上应重视市场，不应盲目行事，进行‘低成本的扩招’，而是应该及时地进行理性的反思。”人才储备还是资源浪费？ CCG常务理事、智联招聘CEO郭盛分享了自己从业多年的经验。就他看来，在二三线城市城镇化发展势头良好且职位量增长的当下，“大家还留在这些大城市里，为了一个户口奋斗，是对资源最大的浪费。” 郭盛坦言，人才流动应是市场行为，但与人才关系甚密的户口和房产政策却是行政行为。“如果不打破现有的规则，人才还是会集中北京等一线城市争取住房资源和医疗资源，而不会去二三线城市。”他指出，各地的人才新政实际上是在有限的程度上弥补了规则的不合理性和资源缺失后的优化配置特性。人才的定义应交由市场决定 “我非常希望把人才争夺战的“才”字去掉，改为‘人口争夺战’。”CCG特邀高级研究员、人口与未来网站联合创始人黄文政举例称，“分别从杭州师范学院和深圳大学毕业的马云、马化腾，按当年的北京和上海人才政策，根本不算个人才！” 黄文政认为，人口远比人才重要，只要人口充分、教育良好、环境适宜，人才自然会冒出。在他看来，人才的定义应该交给市场，而不是白纸黑字的政策。 针对人才培养地和流动城市之间的矛盾，他分享了一种平衡关系的办法：从国家层面建立一个长效机制，人才所流动到的城市，应在一定程度上对人才受教育的城市进行补贴。文章选自人民网，2018年4月26日
2018年4月28日