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CCG持续关注国际关系议题，推动中国与全球化的发展，积极开展国际交流，充分发挥智库“二轨外交”作用，在巴黎和平论坛、达沃斯世界经济论坛、慕尼黑安全会议等重要国际政策与意见交流平台上组织分论坛、边会、圆桌会议、晚宴等活动，促进国际政商学界对话，凝聚共识；CCG积极与各国政界、智库界、工商界开展“二轨外交”活动，每年常态化赴多国调研与交流，促进中外关系攸关方互动，保持与多国政策圈层的沟通渠道。
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张燕生：以政党相通推动民心相通
专家简介张燕生，全球化智库（CCG）学术委员会专家，中国国际经济交流中心首席研究员。 “今天与会的政党代表来自‘一带一路’沿线及相关的50多个国家，无论党派的规模大小，无论是否是所在国家的执政党，都为着一个共同的目标——推动‘一带一路’建设聚集于此。”12月3日下午，中国国际经济交流中心首席研究员张燕生在参加“共建‘一带一路’：政党的参与和贡献”分组专题会议期间，接受本报记者专访时开宗明义，阐明了此次专题会议作为中国共产党与世界政党高层对话会分组会议之一的出发点。 张燕生表示，每一个政党在所在国家有着不同程度的代表性，或代表着不同的阶层，或代表着不同的政治观点，因此中国共产党与这些政党的沟通交流其实就是与他们所在国家的不同群体之间的沟通交流。 “一带一路”建设的关键在于“共商共建共享”，在这个过程中，互信理解是前提条件。“任何新事物的推进都不会是一帆风顺的，‘一带一路’倡议也是如此，政党在其中的引领作用就尤为重要。”张燕生认为，政党成员作为所代表集体的先锋，应当责无旁贷承担起加强交流与合作的责任。“只有沟通才能消弭误解，只有理解才能携手同行，这既是各国政党共同的心愿，同时也对政党成员提出了更高的要求。” 政党相通推动民心相通。张燕生说，在逆全球化、贸易保护主义抬头的同时，“一带一路”框架下的项目正在稳步推进，这其中正是由于很多政党在自己的国家做了积极有益的工作，为项目合作从高层意向，到真正落地成为当地人民心目中的“民心工程”作出了贡献。很多中国企业在参加国外“一带一路”项目建设过程中，欣喜地看到当地民众踊跃报名成为项目的雇员，甚至还有民众自发组成护卫队，守护项目的安全运行。“政党凝聚了民众力量，民众力量又再次推动政党建设走上新台阶，这是‘一带一路’倡议希望看到的美好图景。” 谈到“一带一路”的未来发展，张燕生表示，从经济学的角度看，全球虽然整体经济复苏乏力，但产能上的合作恰恰是处于机遇期。对于沿线国家来说，很多国家急需基础设施建设，而中国等国家又需要解决产能过剩的问题，两者互补双赢，是绝佳的合作契机。“今天的会议上，很多来自沿线国家政党的代表都表示欢迎拥有产能优势的国家前往投资，并表示基础设施的完善是国家发展的基石。”张燕生感慨道，这说明“要致富，先修路”的中国发展理念，已经成为很多国家的共识。 最后，张燕生谈到，中国经历了从一穷二白开始的艰辛发展之路，所以更明白众人拾柴火焰高的道理。“一带一路”倡议旨在加强交流与合作，共同发展，而绝不是中国一家唱“独角戏”。独乐乐不如众乐乐，和而不同，在符合各国国情的基础上互相借鉴经验，才能共同学习、共同进步。张燕生认为，这次会议的成功举办，将引领各国政党参与“一带一路”建设走上新征程。文章选自《光明日报》，2017年12月5日
2017年12月12日 -
【China Daily】’Digital silk road’ expected to link world
China is committed to the development of a digital silk road that would transform links between countries, according to a government official."We will actively promote the digital silk road to construct a community of common destiny in cyberspace," Chen Zhaoxiong, vice-minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, told a forum on the "digital silk road" at the 4th World Internet Conference in Wuzhen, Zhejiang province."In the era of economic globalization, the Chinese info-communications industry will not only pay attention to our own development, but also other countries across the world," Chen said.Lin Nianxiu, vice-minister in the National Development and Reform Commission, told the forum that China, whose digital economy grew by 18.9 percent last year to contribute 22.6 trillion yuan ($3.41 trillion; 2.9 trillion euros; ￡2.6 trillion) to China’s economy, according to official data, was interested not just in what happens within its borders."As both a practitioner and beneficiary of the digital economy, China is willing to deepen and widen coordination and cooperation with countries around the world to benefit people," Lin said.The forum, International Cooperation Along the "Digital Silk Road", was also addressed by the former prime minister of France, Dominique de Villepin, who said he welcomed China’s moves to create a digital silk road.He said it was important that more countries gain good digital access, or else it would become a source of greater inequality in the world, adding that while digital penetration was 80 percent in the West and parts of Asia, this was not the case everywhere."First, we have regional inequalities in Africa and South Asia, where internet penetration is still under 30 percent, and then you have country examples, like in Chad and Niger, where it is less than 5 percent."He said China had a big role to play in addressing this inequality, since Chinese companies have begun to dominate the global digital economy."It has been a major turning point. There has been a technological shift from West to East with the rise of internet champions in China as an alternative to the US monopoly."It has also been a turning point with, for the first time in history, more than half of the global population now online, against less than 20 percent only 10 years ago."Wang Huiyao, founder and president of the Beijing-based independent think tank Center for China and Globalization(CCG) and also a counselor to the State Council, China’s Cabinet, said the advantage of digital over physical infrastructure is that it can be put in place much more rapidly."It is not easy to build a supercontinental railway, but you can put digital infrastructure in much quicker," he said. "It is also more likely to produce commercial returns. If you put high-speed rail through Central Asia, you might find that no one wants to ride on it."Tatjana Matic, state secretary of the Serbian Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Telecommunications, said her country was keen to cooperate with China in a number of digital areas."We share the desire in an internet society to continue joint activities and to implement our memoranda on digital progress," she said. "We have already exchanged and will continue to do exchanges on activities relating to e-commerce platforms, market information and cooperation in the domain of smart cities development."Chen from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said his focus was on international cooperation such as with Kazakhstan, Turkey and Poland, and also on building an information highway between China and Africa.He said China had made breakthroughs in a number of telecommunications areas, and the country’s strength in telecommunications has seen the pioneering of bike-sharing payments through smartphones."In the future, we can cooperate to make technological breakthroughs in things including 4G and 5G, artificial intelligence, industrial internet, cloud computing and big data," he added.From China Daily，2017-12-8
2017年12月12日 -
【深圳侨报】中国“绿卡”便利化改革广纳天下英才
中国“绿卡”，即外国人永久居留证，曾被称为世界上最难拿的“绿卡”之一。近年来，中国“绿卡”政策改革不断深入，申请更简便易行，含金量大幅提升，外籍华人也因此受益。 1985年，全国人大常委会通过《中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理法》。1986年，中国第一个外籍厂长、德国专家格里西成为首位获得永久居留资格的外国人。2004年，《外国人在中国永久居留审批管理办法》出台，中国“绿卡”在制度层面有了实施细则。曾在延安与中国人民共同迎来抗战胜利的美国农业专家寒春，是获得中国“绿卡”第一人。 根据公开信息梳理，自2004年中国实施“绿卡”制度以来至2013年，获得中国“绿卡”的外国人总数仅为7356人。而全球化智库（CCG）发布的《中国国际移民报告(2015)》显示，截至2013年，有84.85万外籍人员在中国居住。 较高的申请门槛，较长的审批周期，以及实际应用中较低的认可程度，中国“绿卡”似乎不那么便利。 2013年中国开始放宽外籍人员来华政策，出台了《外籍高层次人才来华提供签证及居留便利有关问题的通知》，对于无法在中国申请“绿卡”的人员，可办理2至5年有效的外国人居留证件。 到了2015年，上海、北京、广州、福建开始了新一轮“绿卡”制度改革，如北京中关村示范区出入境20条、上海科创中心出入境政策“新十条”、广东自贸区16项出入境措施等。其他省市如天津、辽宁、浙江、湖北等地的自贸区及全面创新改革示范区，也就京、沪、粤试点经验进行推广复制。 其中，外籍华人获得专属条款，为其归国创新创业提供了突破性的出入境和永久居留便利。如北京、上海对具有博士学历的外籍华人提供永久居留渠道，广东对广东籍外籍华人提供5年多次出入境签证等。 此后一年，中国“绿卡”获得人数大幅提高。公开数据显示，2016年公安部批准1576人获得中国“绿卡”，和2015年相比增加了163%。截至2016年，中国“绿卡”获得者人数破万。 从2017年6月16日起，公安部签发新版中国“绿卡”，将原有的“外国人永久居留证”更名为“外国人永久居留身份证”，凸显身份证明功能。 “新的外国人身份证，让我觉得和中国人一样生活在这里。”美籍教授柯道友回忆他2010年办中国“绿卡”的经历时不无感慨。“当时花了3年时间，提供了一百多页资料，从民政局、大使馆、公安部，到街道办派出所、居委会，往返美国多次，盖了近百个章，才办下来。” 而现在，“从提交材料到缴费成功，一共只用了一小时，50个工作日之后就能拿到了。”在俄罗斯亚洲工业企业家联合会中国代表处工作的外籍华人刘维宁说，新版身份证让他的出行和生活更便利。 中国人才研究会副会长沈荣华说，从一系列新政策的发布可以看出，中国的“绿卡”政策正以更为开放、积极、包容的态度逐渐完善，这有利于国家的人才引进、贸易流通和资源分享。 中国“绿卡”对包括外籍华人在内的海外人士意义非常，持续推进的中国“绿卡”便利化改革，显示出中国政府提出的“广纳天下英才”正在进入实施层面。文章选自《深圳侨报》，2017年12月11日
2017年12月12日 -
【South China Morning Post】Trade surplus with U.s. nears record
China’s trade surplus with the US widened to the second highest total on record, according to Chinese customs data released on last Friday.The trade gap between the world’s two largest economies has been a frequent cause of complaint for US President Donald Trump, who visited China last month.The surplus recorded in the first 11 months of this year has already surpassed the total for the whole of 2016, according to the data released from China’s General Administration of Customs.November’s trade gap rose to US$27.9 billion, up from US$26.6 billion the previous month, and was just shy of the record US$28.1 billion recorded in September.China’s data was released at time when Washington is stepping up its pressure on Beijing to narrow the trade gap.The US last week told the World Trade Organisation it opposed giving China market economy status, a move that will make Chinese products more vulnerable in anti-dumping cases.The US has also launched an anti-dumping investigation into Chinese aluminium – the first time the US has taken such an action against a trading partner since 1991.Trump claimed he would implement a variety of measures against Chinese imports during his election campaign, including threats to label China as a currency manipulator and impose blanket tariffs over Chinese products. Few of the threats materialised after he entered the White House.Instead, China and US start a 100-day process to address the trade imbalance after Trump met his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping in Florida in April, and Beijing promised to buy more from the US.During Trump’s visit to Beijing last month, he and Xi witnessed a signing ceremony for deals with a combined price tag of US$253 billion.According to Beijing’s account books, China’s trade surplus with US in the first 11 months of this year reached US$251.3 billion, compared with US$250.7 billion in the whole of 2016.The US side’s estimate of trade gap with China is higher than Beijing’s, although it has yet to release its figures for the past month. The US calculates its trade deficit with China was US$347 billion for 2016.Louis Kuijs, head of Asia Economics at Oxford Economics in Hong Kong, wrote in a briefing note that US data indicated its trade deficit with China would rise to US$370 billion this year.As a result, China’s “continued strength in exports to the US may add to US-China trade tensions” and post downside risks to China’s overall export performance in 2018, Kuijs noted.China’s customs data showed its overall trade surplus in November was US$40.2 billion, bringing the total for the year so far to US$376 billion.Ni Feng, deputy director of the Institute of American Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said Trump was less concerned about geopolitics or ideology than many of his predecessors.“He pays more attention to gaining economic benefits, which will be the major challenge for China,” he told a symposium organised by the Centre for China and Globalisation (CCG) in Beijing on Thursday.Julian Evans-Pritchard, an economist for Capital Economics in Singapore, warned of more friction between the world’s two largest economies next year as Trump’s priority shifted towards foreign policy.“Particularly in the run-up to the mid-term US elections, Trump will re-appeal to his base, which probably means taking tough action on China.”From South China Morning Post，2017-12-8
2017年12月12日 -
【Global Times】China increasingly attractive to foreign professionals
Aden de Leeuw, a second-year student at the University of Nottingham Ningbo China in Zhejiang Province, talks with an HR representative during the Fourth Career Fair for International Students in China in Beijing in October. International students from 30 Chinese universities attended the event. Photo: Li Hao/GTIt took Nikita Ermakov, a second-year Russian student at Peking University’s Yenching Academy, four months of job hunting and many interviews before he finally got an offer from the HNA Group, a Chinese conglomerate on the Fortune 500 list. He is currently negotiating the offer with them, and hopefully, he will start the job after graduation.Ermakov, 25, got his bachelor’s degree at a university in South Korea and a master’s in Russia before coming to China. He has three years of work experience from his time in South Korea and Russia and can speak four languages: English, Korean, Russian and Chinese."China has become the new US, a new land of opportunities," he said. "The US is a country of immigrants, but it is already a developed country. With President Trump’s new policies, the country has become stricter with visa and immigration regulations. China is still developing; it has a huge market." Ermakov is just one of many foreign talents who choose to come to China for career development. According to the HSBC’s 2017 Expat Explorer Global Report in October, a move to China offers expats numerous career and income advantages. The report showed that China, as one of the world’s economic powerhouses, now comes in second in HSBC’s global rankings for career progression. A total of 70 percent of the 27,500 expats surveyed said the Chinese mainland offers strong job prospects compared with only 54 percent globally and 48 percent in Eastern Asia, a 16 percent increase over last year’s figures. Half of the surveyed expats on the Chinese mainland said they have more opportunities to acquire new skills here than at home, and they earn significantly more than the average expat - typically around $171,000 annually compared with $100,000 globally and $115,000 regionally, according to the report. Wang Huiyao, founder and president of the Center for China and Globalization (CCG), said China is now involved in "global talent circulation." "There is a new trend in which more foreign talents will go to China to develop their career in the next decade or two. China’s international talent competitiveness is growing," he said.China is now second in HSBC’s global rankings for career progression. Photo: Li Hao/GTHot areas for foreign professionals According to the HSBC report, the top three employment sectors are the education, service, and financial services sectors, which account for 31, 17 and 9 percent of the employment market respectively. The service industry includes hospitality, travel and leisure, tourism and customer service.Ermakov thinks that foreigners, especially recent graduates and young specialists, face fierce competition from Chinese professionals. But as the HSBC report showed, the education, services and finance industries require the highest level of qualifications, so foreign talents can still compete with domestic specialists. "In spite of the fact that foreigners have lower language skills, lack connections and have a limited knowledge of the market, they have comparative advantages: international networking experience, mobility, knowledge of specific business cultures, foreign languages or business English, special areas of expertise and so on," he said.Eric Tarchoune, founder and managing director of the Dragonfly Group, an HR consulting firm in China, said foreigners who have competencies in big data, artificial intelligence, digital marketing, research and development, knowledge management, brand management, and smart data analysis are in greater demand. They have years of work experience and can bring innovative and different ways of working to their job in China, he explained. Hays, a British recruitment company with offices in China, said the industries on the Chinese mainland that offer good job prospects for foreigners include science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), the Internet, e-commerce and digital technology, and medical care in its December 5 release on the top 10 recruiting tendencies on the Chinese mainland in 2018."Candidates with well-developed soft skills and technical or product knowledge in their area of expertise are also in high demand for these roles and are well positioned to command the most attractive remuneration packages in the coming months," said Simon Lance, managing director of Hays China.Attracting high-end talentNational initiatives such as the Belt and Road initiative and national technology projects are attracting more high-end foreign professionals.Jurriaan Meyer, a 52-year-old man from the Netherlands, recently resigned from his post as Asia Pacific director at an international software company in Beijing to work as the general manager of Shandong SRCC Rail Transit Technology, a new Jinan-based company that does innovative propulsion systems for both the local and international markets. Meyer has been in China for over 15 years. "This project is part of the Belt and Road initiative and is supported by the governments of Shandong and the Netherlands," said Meyer. "Jinan wants to build a local rail industry, and SRCC will be one of the first companies to contribute to this plan with local assembly facilities. If we succeed, this project could truly be the crown of my career in China."A new work permit system was implemented across China on April 1. Under the new system, foreigners fall into the categories of A, B or C based on their educational background, qualifications and work experience. The policy, which was launched by the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs, shows that China wants more high- and mid-level foreign talents. According to Shanghai-based newspaper Jiefang Daily, Ben Feringa, the winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize in chemistry and Kurt Wüthrich, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in chemistry, are expected to obtain a Chinese green card in December. Meyer also applied for a Chinese permanent residence card last year, which is expected to be granted to him in 2018."I think China is right to attract foreign talent while focusing on high quality," said Meyer.Meyer thinks that compared with big cities like Shanghai and Beijing, where the living costs are becoming excruciatingly expensive, second- and third-tier cities also offer a lot of opportunities these days. "Facilities in China are very good these days. The transportation infrastructure is awesome, and the Chinese people and companies are usually very supportive and go to great lengths to accommodate foreign talent," he said. A new generation of expatsMadeleine, a 21-year-old woman from Indonesia, works as an event manager for jingjobs.com, a Beijing-based startup recruitment company. She came to Beijing in 2013 and studied marketing for four years at the University of International Business and Economics (UIBE). She also does public relations for Global Foundation of Young Entrepreneurs (GFYE) at UIBE. "Startup environments attract me a lot, as they are very challenging and give me the opportunity to learn every single day," said Madeleine. She started building her career here in 2016 by taking different internships and part-time jobs and has built her network from hundreds to thousands within a year. Running events with NGOs and big job fairs, and meeting inspiring people are just some of her memorable experiences so far. Madeleine thinks there is a bright future for bilingual professionals who speak Chinese and are passionate about China, its fast economic growth, growing advanced technology and diversity."Nowadays, employers and companies are hiring younger professionals because they’re known to be very tech savvy, entrepreneurial, adventurous and very talented overall," she said.Meyer agrees. "I think a new generation of expats is coming who are younger and better prepared for China. Most speak Chinese, which is a great development," said Meyer, who passed HSK 5. He explained that the new generation of candidates compromises millennials, those who are born after 1990, and Generation X or those who are born after 2000. They are coming to China to study and then work. They learn Chinese at an early age and mix with the younger generation in China, he said."They are very well integrated into the culture and business environment and are of great value to China and their home countries," he said. "China is making a smart move by inviting many young people from abroad to study in China. This helps groom a pool of future ’ambassadors for China’ who can help develop understanding and cooperation to the benefit of China and its counterparts abroad."How to grasp the opportunities? Meyer finds that after coming to China to work, he has learned much more and is earning more as well. He said that while China is developing fast and Chinese graduates and professionals are catching up quickly, some high-level foreign workers are still sought after for their unique combination of academic, professional and soft skills and language abilities. "Soft skills and foreign languages are a weak spot for some Chinese candidates, particularly those outside of the big cities, so there are opportunities for those who can help bridge the gap between China and the world," he said.He thinks that to be successful in China, one needs many skills, such as in-depth experience in their related field of work. He said recent graduates from abroad would have a hard time finding a job in China, as many graduates from China or Chinese returning from overseas are stiff competition. Intercultural skills are also needed. Meyer said an excellent command of the Chinese language and an understanding of the business culture must be brought to the table. Flexibility and an innovative mind comprise the third and final essential factor. "China will develop more and more, and the labor market will be even more competitive even for the most skilled talent from abroad. However, some very good ones will always be required and welcome if only to help China succeed on the world stage, away from the familiar home markets in China," he said.Nicolas Fusier, operations director of Dragonfly Group, said more and more Chinese companies that are going global recruit foreigners to develop in the North American and European markets. He said for these specific jobs, it’s definitely an advantage to be a foreigner because they know the culture and have their network.However, Madeleine thinks that despite the good prospects, getting a work visa still poses a challenge. "Be ready for the long process of applying for a work visa. It is sad because I have seen and met hundreds of young talent who did not get the work visa but are actually very enthusiastic and passionate," she said. Fusier sees things differently."It takes time to get a visa, but I think the most important thing when it comes to attracting high-quality foreign talent is to offer them interesting and innovating challenges while working here in China," he said. From Global Times，2017-12-10
2017年12月12日 -
王辉耀：中国正在全球治理中发挥更大作用
王辉耀，全球化智库（CCG）理事长。 2017年11月28日-30日，中国人民对外友好协会和澳中友好交流协会主办的2017“从都国际论坛”在广州举行。来自世界各国的20位前政要与多位国内权威专家和政商界领袖，围绕“全球治理与中国主张”主题，就当今世界面临的挑战与机遇进行探讨。 在大会的首场研讨论坛——“国际形势新变化与全球治理”专题会议中，全球化智库（CCG）理事长王辉耀与联合国前秘书长潘基文、新西兰前总理珍妮•希普利、中国前外交部副部长何亚非等嘉宾同台进行了研讨，发言如下： 当今世界处在一个风云变幻的时代，很多关乎世界发展的议题亟待探讨。二战以后，我们确实通过全球治理架构在很大程度上维持了世界和平和稳定，也有一些国际性的机构应运而生，包括联合国、世界贸易组织、国际货币基金组织和世界银行等等。随着全球化的发展，国际移民组织以及一些区域性强的国际组织也得以建立。 这样一种过去近七十年的国际秩序及其治理架构，对于世界的和平与稳定做出了重要贡献，这一点不能抹灭或否定。应该说，我们现在要建立新的全球治理和新的全球架构，是因为我们有了新的需求，而不是要对过去的全球治理机制进行否定或颠覆。 “一带一路”为世界和平发展赋能 现在我们有很多区域层面和国际层面的协议。比如说跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（TPP），它会对全球竞争的格局产生影响。目前全球格局已经产生了新变化，进行了重新洗牌，需要我们去找到新的治理架构，继续维持接下来几十年当中全球的和平、稳定与发展。在新时代，我们需要新的动力和新的要素，为延续世界的和平稳定赋能。 在这个过程当中，也就是过去的五到十年，中国逐渐开始更加积极地融入到国际体制当中。中国不仅仅是一个支持者，而是慢慢成为推动者，不仅支持全球的秩序，还推动建立全球秩序和治理架构。当前，世界经济发展和全球治理面临前所未有的挑战，可以看到过去五年，习近平主席提出的“一带一路”倡议确实给世界带来了普惠的合作机制和繁荣创新的机制。就在这个过程当中，中国发挥了越来越积极的作用，亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB）就是一个典型的例子。“一带一路”倡议源自中国，更属于世界。它不仅为经济全球化增添了新的发展动力，也通过为世界更好地提供公共产品，积极促进着新的全球治理架构的建设。 以“共同命运”打造国际治理新范式 除此之外，过去五年来中国也展开了全方位的外交布局，并且积极组织和参加一系列国际重要论坛和会议。去年，我国举办了二十国集团（G20）领导人杭州峰会，今年首届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛在北京凝聚了全球共识，厦门举办的第九届金砖国家（BRICS）领导人会晤开启了金砖合作第二个“金色十年”。于此过程中，中国更加自信地在世界舞台发出中国声音，在重要的国际议程提出中国主张，还于2016年加入了国际移民组织，并加大了向国际组织派遣专业人员的力度。更具体地说，中国为世界的和平发展创造性地提供了新的可选路径，为新的国际秩序的塑造贡献着中国智慧。 在十九大上，习近平总书记首次在报告当中提到构建“人类命运共同体”，这已写入中国共产党的会议，也是中国共产党首次在会议报告里面把构建全球性的“人类命运共同体”这样的愿景纳入到党的工作报告中。这是新时代下维护共同利益和共同安全的必然趋势，也是中国秉承共商共建共享原则一个很重要的表现，表明中国不仅仅是在考虑自身的发展，也在积极推动全球的共同繁荣。 合力构建开放型亚太经济 我们知道，TPP实际已经基本成型，区域全面经济伙伴关系（RCEP）也在逐步推进。习近平主席11月出席亚太经合组织（APEC）工商领导人峰会的时也专门提到，“建成亚太自由贸易区是亚太工商界多年的梦想。2006年，正是在工商界呼吁下，亚太经合组织成员领导人在河内首次把建设亚太自由贸易区确立为远景目标。”当前世界经济形势和格局正在发生深刻转变，中国希望能够借助APEC慢慢推动亚太自由贸易区（FTAAP）进程，不仅为开放型亚太经济提供机制保障，也借助区域层面的联盟与合作机制对全球治理进行补充。现在已有不同的区域在打造本区域的合作，亚太是经济经济增长的一个重要引擎，希望APEC也可以打造亚太地区的区域合作机制，进一步构建开放、包容、平衡、普惠、共赢的全球化，有效补充全球治理的合作机制。 联合国等国际机制在过去确实为全球的和平与发展发挥了积极作用，未来中国既不是想取代任何一个国家或国际组织，也不是想成为全球治理的主宰。中国是希望为不断变化的国际形势提供创新的途径，提供多一个选择，给全球治理提供新的思维方式和范式，以中国担当和中国智慧进一步促进和完善全球治理，这才是中国真正想扮演的角色。 （本文由全球化智库CCG依据“2017从都国际论坛”速记整理，未经本人审阅，转载请注明出处）
2017年12月12日 -
【ABC Radio Australia】One Belt, One Road: China heralds ’Digital Silk Road’
Cybertechnology leaders from around the world gather in China for an annual internet conference, but two key elements of this years event — the establishment of Beijing’s Digital Silk Road and the attendance of American technology trailblazers — mark a potential shift in global digital power dynamics.Wang Huning said "China is ready to counteract digital imbalances" during the opening ceremony. (Credit: Reuters) In an eastern Chinese town not too far from Shanghai, cybertechnology leaders and government officials from around the world gathered this week to discuss the future of the global digital economy."This year’s theme is set with a hope that we can better embrace the historical opportunities brought by the development of the internet, as well as use the digital economy as a key driving force to promote openness, cooperation, communication and sharing of cyberspace," Wang Huning, a leading member of the Communist Party, said during his opening speech to the fourth World Internet Conference in Wuzhen.However, beyond the usual deluge of platitudes and jargon that generally tends to accompany technological events, two key elements set this year’s conference apart, marking a potential shift in power in the ongoing race for global digital domination.One is that this year’s event marks the first time that leading Western cybertechnology trailblazers — including Apple CEO Tim Cook, Google CEO Sundar Pichai, and Facebook executives; whose many platforms are banned in China — attended the conference, which was previously a fairly local, state-run affair criticised internationally for its promotion of censorship and control.As President Xi Jinping reiterated during an opening statement on Sunday, China’s cyberspace channels are "entering a fast lane [and] will become more and more open" — however, he maintained, "cyber sovereignty" will most definitely remain a key part of China’s vision of global internet expansion.Cyber sovereignty is the idea that states should be permitted to manage and contain their own internet without interference.As observers noted, the high-profile attendance of American technology leaders at a Chinese conference promoting Beijing’s vision of a censored internet highlights the dilemma for Western tech companies trying to break into in an increasingly crucial and lucrative yet restricted market.’What will China export via the Digital Silk Road?’The second element that set this year’s conference apart is that woven in between the broader themes of global cooperation in the internet-era and the like, China appeared to be unveiling a tangible vision for the future of a "Digital Silk Road" as part of the country’s One Belt, One Road initiative.The promotion of the Digital Silk Road — which has been portrayed as a central element of the event in the Chinese press — seems to have been largely overlooked in the Western media, which is still concerned about the details of Beijing’s digital censorship."Beijing will lead the construction of the digital era equivalent of the World Trade Organisation, layout down the infrastructure of a ’Digital Silk Road’ through its One Belt, One Road initiative," Wang Huiyao, founder and president of Centre for China and Globalisation (CCG), said in an event interview."There has always been the question: What will China export via the Digital Silk Road? The answer has long been evident: a digital economic infrastructure that will allow China’s technological prowess to go global."In 2016, China’s digital economy — which consists of some 700 million internet and mobile users — grew by nearly 20 per cent and contributed 22.6 trillion yuan ($4.38 trillion) to the country’s economy, according to national communications officials. And 2017 has shown no sign of that growth stopping.The Digital Silk Road has been floated around as a poorly understood catchphrase over the last few months since the official launch of the One Belt, One Road initiative this year, but this time it comes on the heels of a series of global deals and agreements signed by Beijing and various governments around the world.Is China readying for digital domination?Photo: Active and planned submarine cable systems and their landing stations in the region. (Supplied: TeleGeography)At the conference, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, Thailand, Laos, Serbia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were among several of the countries that openly "agreed to cooperate with China in the digital economy to build an interconnected Digital Silk Road," Chinese state media outlets announced.According to the reports, together, the eight countries will expand broadband access, promote a digital transformation, encourage e-commerce cooperation, as well as seek to enhance encourage policy-making to create a transparent digital economy and promote cooperation in international standardisation."China stands ready to develop new rules and systems of internet governance to serve all parties and counteract current imbalances," senior Party leader Wang Huning said.Wang Jing, founder and CEO of JingChi Corporation, added: "China is a key player in this mobile internet trend, and it is very likely that China will seize the leadership in the next few years."The announcement of a strengthening Digital Silk Road also comes amid concerns of Chinese digital expansion on Australia’s own doorsteps throughout the Pacific, which were later reportedly countered by deals from the Australian Government.Photo: PNG Prime Minister Peter O’Neill met with Mr Xi to discuss infrastructure deals last month. (Supplied: PNG PMO, file)"We saw in Solomon Islands a few months ago Huawei announced that they would be delivering a cable from Solomon Islands into Australia’s cable network," Jonathan Pryke, director of the Pacific Islands Program at the Lowy Institute, told the ABC last month."That results in some really significant national security issues for Australia."Having a Chinese state-owned enterprise connecting up to a piece of critical domestic infrastructure is pretty unpalatable for the Australian Government."But this week, American computer scientist and Turing Award recipient John Hopcroft said in an interview at the Wuzhen conference that the "world is undergoing a vast information revolution — like the agrarian revolution and the industrial revolution — in which the definition of society and work is to be rewritten"."China will become a leader in innovation in science, engineering and even human well-being [and] it will make a significant contribution to social change and ways to improve human survival," Mr Hopcroft said."It is now a strong competitor to the US in the race to lead the information revolution"’Technological shift from West to East’Photo: A diagram of China’s plan for the ’New Silk Road’ (Chinese state media)But in an increasingly globalised world and amid a kickback via US President Donald Trump’s anti-globalisation policy pushes, American technology companies and Western innovation are inevitably going to find themselves at a crossroads.At the Wuzhen conference, Apple CEO Tim Cook said that developers using his company’s platforms had made up to $US17 billion from app sales in China — representing roughly a quarter of its total global App Store earnings — despite self-censorship concerns from rights groups.Meanwhile, Mr Cook added that "the theme of this conference — developing a digital economy for openness and shared benefits — is a vision we at Apple share" which critics slammed as hypocritical given that Apple admitted it bowed to pressure in August to remove apps from its catalogue that the Chinese Government did not approve of.But experts maintain China’s digital evolution and growth is now inevitable, and that world leaders must be prepared to get on board and compromise with Beijing’s vision of a digital future."The progress of China in the last five years is unbelievable," said Luigi Gambardella, the president of ChinaEU, a non-profit organisation promoting digital cooperation between Europe and Asia, adding that "Xi Jinping will make China thrive in the digital age."Meanwhile, former French prime minister Dominique de Villepin added during a Digital Silk Road panel discussion at the conference that a digital power shift was already underway."There has been a technological shift from the West to the East with the rise of internet champions in China as an alternative to the US monopoly," Mr Villepin said."The Chinese authorities have proven their willingness to position China as a cyber power expanding internet services from Asia to Europe and Africa along the Digital Silk Road."Speaking at the conference, Jack Ma, the founder and executive chairman of Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba, said a third technological revolution was on the horizon, but expressed hope that it would not lead to conflicts, but rather, increased global cooperation."The first technological revolution brought about the First World War, and the second technological revolution led to the Second World War, so the third technological revolution means a third world war may be in store," Mr Ma said."But it will not be a war where countries fight with one another, but a war to fight against disease, poverty, and climate change through our joint efforts."Photo: China makes up a quarter of Apple’s App platform revenue, CEO Tim Cook said. (Reuters: Aly Song)From ABC Radio Australia，2017-12-5
2017年12月8日