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【Bloomberg BNA】China to Tout Role in TPP, Japan Eyes Range of Scenarios
Representatives from 15 nations are gathering in Chile March 14-15 to plot a new course for regional trade, and many are scouting out the opportunities for advancing multilateral trade deals at a time when protectionism is on the rise.At the top of many countries’ agenda is talk of how to integrate the trade and economies of the Asia-Pacific region. Many still see the Trans-Pacific Partnership as a possibility in some form, even as a template for other agreements. But should that not come to pass, the seven members that are in both the TPP and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership could move ahead by pushing RCEP, they said.But the items on countries’ individual wish lists are varied, and in some cases telling. China, for one, will probably present itself as a replacement for the U.S. in the TPP, analysts and state media have said. That’s in keeping with the country’s increasingly global stance, evident in President Xi Jinping’s remarks at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.Other countries, specifically Japan, are saying not so fast. There are a range of scenarios to consider with what happens to the TPP — both with and without the U.S., one Japanese official said. And there is always the concern that China will become dominant in such a plurilateral pact, the official said.Still others are taking a wait-and-see stance toward the talks, dubbed the High-Level Dialogue on Integration Initiatives in the Asia-Pacific Region.New Zealand’s trade minister Todd McClay, for example, noted that the Chile talks would mark the first meeting of all the remaining 11 TPP signatories since President Donald Trump withdrew the U.S. from the 12-nation pact.U.S. RoleAnd what about the U.S.? Well, the country has been invited to attend the two-day meeting and has even accepted. But there hasn’t been any official confirmation from Washington on who will represent the U.S., so the job is likely to fall to Carol Perez, U.S. ambassador to Chile since September, suggesting the U.S. will play a more passive role.China Replacement for U.S.?China is likely to advance its potential as a replacement for the U.S. in the TPP during the summit, analysts said. Beijing is keen to promote its influence on world trade to combat what it views as an increasingly hostile international trade environment, and it sees the TPP as an opportunity to do this.Still, the Chinese government characterized the meeting as an exchange of views about the Asia-Pacific region, not a TPP summit.“This meeting is a high-level meeting of the Pacific Alliance and Asia-Pacific countries on Asia-Pacific economic integration, where extensive exchange of views will be conducted on the next step of Asia-Pacific regional cooperation,” Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said March 13 at the ministry’s regular media briefing. “It is not a TPP meeting, as is described by some media. China hopes this meeting will contribute to the [Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific (FTAAP)] process, the open Asia-Pacific economy and Asia-Pacific regional economic integration.”The government is sending Ambassador Yin Hengmin, special representative for Latin American Affairs, to the summit, Hua Chunying said.But state media, which is normally a good barometer of government direction, and think tanks with connections to the authorities have spoken positively about China’s potential in the TPP in recent weeks.A Global Times editorial on Feb. 16, written by Wang Huiyao, a counselor to the State Council, described the U.S. exit from the TPP as an “opportunity” for China and said that joining the trade deal “could serve as crucial economic leverage.”According to a report released last month by the Center for China and Globalization, the country might want to seize an opportunity to “fill the position vacated by the United States at the TPP table.”Japan, Canada Up GameVice Economy and Finance Minister Takao Ochi will represent Japan during the two-day summit, a government official told Bloomberg BNA March 9. In addition, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry is sending Toshinao Nakagawa, vice parliamentary minister, to Chile.The delegates are an upgrade from the earlier plan to dispatch senior administrative officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Cabinet Office, but none at the ministerial level. Asked to explain the change, the official said the TPP’s importance as a pillar of the Asia-Pacific region’s trade platform would remain intact in the long run.Some have speculated that the new delegates were appointed partly in response to the dispatch of Canada’s trade minister and other high-ranking officials to the meeting, which may overlap with other regional trade framework meetings including RCEP.Canadian International Trade Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne will represent Canada at the meeting, spokeswoman Chantal Gagnon said March 8. The Canadian delegation’s focus will include supporting greater trade liberalization throughout the Asia-Pacific region, Gagnon told Bloomberg BNA in an email.Champagne will be accompanied by Steve Verheul, Global Affairs Canada’s chief trade negotiator for the Canada-European Union free trade deal, and Christopher Berzins, the department’s director of policy, Joseph Pickerill, the trade minister’s director of communications, told Bloomberg BNA.Pros, Cons of China in TPPThe Japanese official told Bloomberg BNA that there are a number of scenarios to be considered at the meeting.“We need map out a wide array of assumptions ranging from one that TPP enters into force without the United States participation; another that keeps the U.S. seat vacant but always welcomes whenever the United States reconsiders its no-TPP position; and more scenarios, including annexing RCEP to TPP and admitting China and India and Korea,” said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.Japan also will argue for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum’s relationship and engagement with TPP, he said. While Trump pulled the U.S. out of the TPP, he didn’t end the country’s participation in APEC, he noted.But Japan also will stake out its position on China becoming a part of the TPP, the official said. Specifically, Japan plans to discuss with other TPP countries the merits and drawbacks of China’s participation in the pact, as well as the pros and cons of annexing the RCEP regime.South Korea: Scope Out AtmosphereSouth Korean Deputy Minister for Trade Negotiations Lee Sang-jin will be the country’s delegate to the TPP talks in Chile, he told Bloomberg BNA.As Korea isn’t a member of the TPP talks, the country’s chief trade negotiator will attend to scope out the atmosphere among the remaining members following the U.S. withdrawal from the 12-nation trade pact.Korea declared interest in joining the TPP in 2013, since it was the most high-level and modernized multilateral trade negotiation on offer. But Korea never fully committed, and it hasn’t taken a new stance since the U.S. withdrew from the TPP in January.“There’s no agreement yet, so it’s very difficult to have some predictions on the future of the TPP,” Lee told Bloomberg BNA March 10. “First, I have to identify what’s going on. Then, depending on the situation and decisions by the TPP members, I will determine the position or how to proceed.”Korea has yet to re-evaluate the effects of joining the partnership without U.S. membership, another official who spoke on the condition of anonymity told Bloomberg BNA.Mexico: Searching for PartnersEconomy Minister Ildefonso Guajardo will lead the Mexican delegation for the meeting, as it aggressively looks for additional trade partners in the face of a possible renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement.Following the U.S. election, the Mexican government said that it is looking at a range of options to take the place of the 12-country TPP agreement. In January, President Pena Nieto said Mexico would pursue bilateral agreements with TPP members New Zealand, Australia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam.Mexican trade officials also are proposing to extend membership in the Pacific Alliance to other TPP members, according to Guajardo, who has said the Pacific Alliance plans to meet in March and has invited the other TPP members. Trade opportunities with China and South Korea are also being assessed, according to several former trade officials.The TPP meetings are expected to be less politically contentious for Mexico than the NAFTA negotiations, where Foreign Minister Luis Videgaray, who is new to trade negotiations, is said to be taking the lead. That is despite Guajardo’s extensive negotiating experience in Mexico’s 40-plus trade agreements and participation in the first NAFTA agreement.Peru: Build on Pacific AlliancePeru’s government also sees the existing trading bloc in Latin America as the best option for strengthening trade ties with the Asia-Pacific region.Peruvian President Pedro Kuczynski told foreign reporters March 10 that Peru would push for a stronger Pacific Alliance, which also includes Chile, Colombia and Mexico, at the meeting.Kuczynski said the meeting shouldn’t be considered a TPP-plus meeting, but an opportunity to look at different ways to boost trade in the region. He said Peru was going to the meeting with the idea of strengthening the Pacific Alliance, formally in place since 2012, and using it as a way to establish new relations with Asia. Trade Minister Eduardo Ferreyros and Deputy Foreign Minster Nestor Popolizio will represent Peru at the meeting.“We want to explore the possibility of agreements as a group,” Kuczynski said.He said one option would be linking up the Pacific Alliance with the 10-nation Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).Kuczynski’s comment echoed a statement from the four Pacific Alliance presidents after a teleconference earlier the same day. The presidents stressed the “decision for the Pacific Alliance to be a platform for a union between Latin America and Asia under the format of strategic integration based on free trade.”Singapore: TPP Still ‘Significant.’Singapore expects “constructive discussions” in Chile on the TPP, a trade spokesman told Bloomberg BNA, signaling the micro-state’s interest in keeping a seat at the table of a trade deal that’s still “significant” after the U.S. exit.Minister of State for Trade and Industry Koh Poh Koon will lead Singapore’s delegation at the summit, according to the Ministry of Trade & Industry. Previously the ministry said the TPP’s 11 remaining members have three options: continue TPP efforts with an option for the U.S. to rejoin; sign bilateral deals with Washington; or enact a “TPP-11.”“This will mark the first opportunity since the U.S.’s official withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership for the remaining countries to gather together to take stock and assess the options going forward,” a trade ministry spokesman said by email March 8, echoing comments from New Zealand trade minister McClay. “The TPP remains a significant agreement that links major economies across the Pacific, and Singapore looks forward to constructive discussions with our partners.”The Chile agenda will include “integration” of Pacific Rim nations, the spokesman said. Should TPP talks reach an impasse, Professor Kaewkamol Pitakdumrongkit predicted that renewed vigor on another Pacific trade accord, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.Malaysia Treads CarefullyMalaysia would join a Pacific trade zone even without the U.S., a government spokesman told Bloomberg BNA as the country prepares for a summit in Chile to weigh such a proposed zone.The Southeast Asian is dispatching its ambassador in Santiago, Mohamad Rameez Yahaya, to the gathering in Vina del Mar, said Syawal Hafriz, press secretary for Malaysian Trade Minister Mustapa Mohamed.He said the TPP’s second life after the U.S. pullout also would hinge on the 11 member states’ talks through the APEC forums in Vietnam. “As mentioned by Minister Mustapa earlier, we remain open to any proposals related to TPP, whether forging bilateral agreements or forming a TPP minus-U.S. pact,” Syawal said in an email March 8.Malaysia’s attention is stretched in many directions, from the North Korean assassination, to the 1MDB state investment fund corruption scandal. Now it also needs to tread carefully with China, said Jomo Kwame Sundaram, a former U.N. assistant secretary-general for economic development.New Zealand, AustraliaAs for Australia and New Zealand, a spokeswoman for Australia’s trade minister Steven Ciobo confirmed to Bloomberg BNA that Ciobo will attend the meeting.And New Zealand made clear that the TPP still has value, with or without U.S. participation, although the country would prefer the U.S. to remain.In addition to discussing the fate of the TPP, McClay said he would hold discussions with members of the Pacific Alliance trade bloc and a number of other Asia-Pacific countries.He said New Zealand would continue to push for ambitious regional trade deals, describing them as “key drivers of economic and job growth.”From Bloomberg BNA,，2017-3-14
2017年3月17日 -
游忠惠：引领教育信息化，唤醒“人才大数据”
理事简介游忠惠，中国与全球化智库（CCG）副主席，海云天投资控股集团董事长。从学生时代起，我们不少人就开始经历中考、高考、大学英语考试、研究生考试等磨炼；工作之后，又马不停蹄地走进会计师考试、司法考试、职称考试的考场。当考试铃声一响，我们就赶紧拿起铅笔，紧张地翻着试题、涂着答题卡，盼望着考试的时间能不能过得慢一点。考完之后，又开始为成绩担忧。但谁也没有想过，在这一张小小的答题卡背后，又有着怎样一番不平凡的故事。而这就是深圳市海云天投资控股集团董事局主席游忠惠的故事。作为我国网上阅卷系统的开拓者，游忠惠带领海云天从高考阅卷起步，不断向“互联网+教育”和“人才大数据”领域拓展，为推动我国教育信息化事业奉献着自己的精力和年华。在游忠惠心中，从事教育信息化事业不只是对经济效益的追求，更是对社会进步的追求，因为教育能让每个学生成就最好的自己。厚积薄发，迎难而上大学时期，游忠惠选择攻读计算机及自动化专业，毕业之后顺利进入IT领域工作。勤敏好学、求真务实的游忠惠很快在工作中脱颖而出，多年打拼为日后创业积攒了丰富的经验，也为事业的成功打下了坚实的基础。1997年，我国进入教育信息化初始阶段。游忠惠敏锐地捕捉到网上阅卷系统的市场机遇，毅然放弃待遇优渥的职位，选择辞职创业。她成立了深圳市海云天科技股份有限公司，将信息影像技术为核心的软件开发、系统集成及数据处理服务作为主攻方向，由此开启了崭新的精彩人生。1999年，为推动教育信息化，教育部从高考阅卷入手，以广西为试点推行网上阅卷系统。当时美国著名软件公司NCS公司在美国市场积累了丰富的技术经验，因此抢得广西试点的先机，并意图借此机遇拓展中国市场。面对如此强大的对手，游忠惠并没有畏惧，而是选择厚积薄发、迎难而上。当时国际上通行的网上阅卷技术都是建立在光学字符识别基础之上，游忠惠的团队却通过技术创新另辟蹊径，采用信息影像技术进行网上阅卷，极大地提高了数据的准确性，在业界树立了良好的口碑，得到客户的高度认可。当记者问到游忠惠是否经历过艰难的时刻、浮现过想退缩的念头时，游忠惠笑言，其实这么多年来一直都很艰难。特别是在创业之初，公司规模、市场需求、业务收入等方面都不尽人意。但最让她难忘的，是2003年年初的那段日子。在游忠惠看来，不平凡的2003年是海云天发展历史上里程碑式的一年。2003年春天，我国正处于抗击“非典”的特殊时期，就在此时，海云天领到了一项艰巨的任务。据游忠惠介绍，当年为了进一步推动教育信息化，将网上阅卷系统向全国推广，教育部决定当年在11个省市推广应用高考网上阅卷系统。经过严格地审查和筛选，海云天承接了其中9个省市的高考网上阅卷工作。对游忠惠来说，这既是难得的发展机遇，也是巨大的挑战。时间紧迫、工作量大、人手不足、时期特殊，种种难题让游忠惠压力剧增、倍感焦虑。经过无数个不眠之夜，最终在她的带领下，海云天经受住严峻的考验，赢得了这场本难以取胜的攻坚战，高考网上阅卷工作顺利完成，业界对海云天刮目相看。而与此同时，美国NCS公司在取得广西试点后，市场毫无进展，黯然退出中国。经此一役，海云天的名气就此打响，并以燎原之势迅速占领了市场。海云天的网上阅卷系统从高考陆续向中考、研究生考试、会计师考试、司法考试、公务员考试延伸，一跃成为中国知名的考试技术服务机构。游忠惠直言，高考是对基础教育的总结，也是对接受高等教育人员的选拔，保证高考的公平公正，关系到考生的未来和国家人才的培养。因此，教育信息化的意义非同小可。教育让学生成就最好的自己互联网正在以迅猛的速度改变着我们的生活方式，拉近了空间、时间和距离。互联网与各个产业之间的关系也愈发紧密，教育也不例外。随着互联网浪潮汹涌而至，游忠惠又瞄准了新的发展方向，将互联网和教育深度融合，带领海云天迈进了“互联网+教育”的新时代。游忠惠从“互联网+课堂”入手，逐步衍生出“互联网+教育评测”“互联网+教育决策”等功能，将教育过程中的各个要素和环节串联起来，构建起完整的“互联网+教育”产业链条，推动教育信息化向纵深发展。近期，海云天中标贵州省铜仁市的项目，树立起“互联网+教育”的典范。据游忠惠介绍，“互联网+教育”包括多个教学环节，授课、反馈、评价缺一不可。在授课环节，贵州省铜仁市教育局首先通过层层筛选，每个年级、每个科目均请名校名师讲课，通过“互联网+课堂”把课程发送到边远山区，让山区的孩子们也可以共享优质的教育资源，实现教育的公平与公正。除了老师授课，师生间的互动、学生的反馈，以及老师对学生学习情况的掌握也是教学过程中的重要环节。为此，“互联网+课堂”专门安排了值班老师与当地老师联动，及时对学生提出的问题进行解答，学生还可以通过网络平台给老师留言、提交课后作业，老师可以随时了解学生对课程的理解和吸收情况。到考试阶段，海云天利用网上阅卷系统对考生试卷进行判分，并记录下每位学生对每个科目、每道题、每个知识点的掌握情况，再通过“互联网+教育评测”的功能进行数据分析，为每位学生出具有针对性、个性化的评测报告和成绩单，让学生和家长能够清晰地了解到自身的弱点和不足，并提供改进方法。最后，海云天通过“互联网+教育决策”功能，对所有学生的考试数据进行综合分析，为教育部门提供一份科学、客观、详实的决策报告，指出教学过程中存在的问题和短板，为教育部门不断提高教学质量提供依据。除贵州外，海云天的“互联网+教育”项目在湖南边远地区的300多所网校也进行应用推广，让山区的孩子们可以收看到长沙市长郡中学的精品课程，共享优质的教育资源。此外，海云天还着力整合优质客户资源和教育考试数据资源，打造0-18岁互联网教育平台，并充分挖掘分析考试评价数据，为教学和管理提供参考。“我所从事的事业，是以先进的信息技术，去促成教育公平公正、教育资源共建共享，为学生成长保驾护航，帮助学生成就最好的自己。”游忠惠说。唤醒沉睡的“人才大数据”海云天在教育信息化领域多年耕耘，贯穿基础教育的全过程，积累了海量数据，包括学生从小到大的学习情况、考试情况、升学情况等等一系列成长轨迹。如何充分挖掘分析这些宝贵的数据财富，游忠惠提出了“人才大数据”的构想。“人才大数据”通过采集、存储学生成长过程中数据信息，运用互联网、云计算、物联网等先进技术对数据进行分析、挖掘和有效利用，对人才成长全过程进行全面、科学的分析和评价。在国家法律允许的范围内，为企事业单位、人力资源部门提供真实的人才信息，为人才的选拔、使用和管理提供科学的依据。据游忠惠介绍，“人才大数据”这一理念正被广泛认同和应用，备受高校的关注。武汉大学积极响应“人才大数据”，并与海云天集团发起共建“高校人才大数据中心”；海云天同深圳大学签订了高校学生“人才大数据”协议，发布人才指数；还有其他高校也在根据“人才大数据”的理论，建立高校“人才大数据”系统及进行人才就业精准匹配的探索，通过“人才大数据”平台助推高校学生就业和社会诚信。2015年，在游忠惠的不断努力下，海云天与国家外国专家局信息中心签署了“国际人才大数据中心”项目战略合作框架协议，共同宣布“国际人才大数据中心”项目启动。同时，海云天还成为第十四届中国国际人才交流大会合作单位，开启了“人才大数据”和“互联网+教育”发展的新纪元。由深圳市人民政府与国家外专局共同主办的中国国际人才交流大会，是我国目前专门针对外国专家组织、培训机构、专业人才开放的国际性人才与智力交流盛会，每年都吸引大批海外人才回国应聘。海云天通过与国家外专局共建“国际人才大数据中心”，为大会提供信息化系统，收集、整理高层次人才信息，利用大数据技术挖掘人才资源价值，不仅能够为大会提供人才数据信息化服务，还能够在以后随时帮助用人单位和高层次人才之间搭建桥梁，实现岗位精准匹配。海云天为中国国际人才交流大会承建了国际人才交流大会会务系统，这是“国际人才大数据中心”项目的第一步。该会务系统提高了大会的信息化水平，助力大会实现智能化、无纸化、可视化的办会目标，促进人才、智力、技术、项目、资金和管理等各类要素的有效对接，为国家引进海外高层次人才和优化人力资源配置作出贡献。“海云天的人才大数据信息系统让国际人才交流大会成为永不落幕的盛会。”游忠惠自信地说。经过20年的风雨历程，游忠惠作为一名企业家不仅成功取得了令人瞩目的商业成就，还主动担当起回馈社会的责任。“一个人做一件好事并不难，难的是坚持。”游忠惠表示，她正把慈善作为另一项事业，将持之以恒地坚持下去。从2004年开始，游忠惠便走进贵州山区捐资助学，为那里的孩子送书包、送书本、送知识。同时，她还发起“少请一餐饭，多读一年书”的倡议，号召身边的朋友一起积极投身慈善公益，十几年来从未间断。授人以鱼，不如授人以渔。依托贵州良好的自然环境，游忠惠还积极开发大健康产业推动扶贫项目建设，投资建设了“梵净山生态植物园”和“梵净山国际会议中心”，助力当地经济发展。在游忠惠的带领下，海云天肩负起信息时代赋予的责任和使命，将互联网和教育深度融合，以资源共享促进教育公平，推动人人成才、人尽其用、才尽其能，为实现科教兴国、人才强国的目标而努力。（记者 曲翔）文章选自《金融世界》，2017年3月14日
2017年3月17日 -
【中国教育报】海归创业：做好生力军 敢为先锋队
3月7日，王辉耀（左二）、徐培祥（右二）、刘刚（左一）三位嘉宾做客中国教育报刊社“两会E政录”演播室，围绕海归创业相关热点问题进行深度探讨。本报记者 修伯明 摄 以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视创新驱动发展战略，大力推进“大众创业、万众创新”。海归是我国实施创新驱动发展战略的重要力量，是“大众创业、万众创新”的生力军。 如何看待海归对我国经济社会发展的推动作用？“新生代”海归创业有何特点？他们创业的困难和障碍主要有哪些？如何构建更为高效的海归创业服务体系？ 3月7日，《神州学人》杂志邀请王辉耀、徐培祥、刘刚三位嘉宾，走进中国教育报刊社“两会E政录”演播室，共同探讨当前形势下的海归创业话题。 王辉耀（国务院参事、欧美同学会副会长、中国与全球化智库主任）：海归创业是今天中国“双创”大潮的重要组成部分。留学人员将成为中国引领全球化、推动全球化的重要力量。 徐培祥（教育部留学服务中心副主任）： 留学人员要把在国外学到的先进科学技术和管理理念用于报效祖国，成为“大众创业、万众创新”的生力军和先锋队。 刘刚（全国劳动模范、北京石景山留学人员创业园总经理、蒲公英留学生创业驿站创始人）： 海归创业是国际创新网络与国内创新网络交互的重要通道，政府及社会各界应持续给予更多支持和鼓励。 1.海归创业的历史作用和时代特点 记者：海归是我国推进“双创”的生力军，大批留学人员回国创新创业并发挥了重要作用，如何看待他们对我国经济社会发展的推动作用？ 徐培祥：广大留学人员是我国人才资源的重要组成部分，在我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设中作出了突出贡献，许多人成为各行各业的领军人才和中坚力量，并涌现出一大批科学家、企业家和教育家。 广大留学人员不仅带回了国外先进的科学技术和管理理念，推动了我国科技进步和社会发展，其中一些人还走上创业道路，通过创业带动就业，并引领创业潮。 广大留学人员既有国内成长经历，又有海外生活体验，外国人通过他们了解中国，中国人通过他们了解世界，他们是促进中外交流和中外友谊的民间大使。 王辉耀：习近平主席今年在达沃斯论坛上强调的经济全球化，包括正在推进实施的“一带一路”倡议、中国文化走出去和中国企业走出去等战略和举措，都需要大量国际化人才。从人才储备来讲，海归是先遣队，也是生力军，是桥梁、纽带，也是催化剂，是推动中国走向世界、引领世界走向中国的中坚力量。有一支近500万人的留学生队伍，对于中国的改革开放和创新创业，有巨大的推动作用。他们是人才库、智囊团和生力军。未来，他们对中国的发展还会起到更大的推动作用。 刘刚：全球化时代，我们和其他国家的竞争，源自于不同文化之间的相互比较。对留学生带来的多种文化碰撞交流的通道，国家应该长期支持。 记者：我国海归创业的现状如何？呈现出哪些特点？ 王辉耀：整体来说，当前海归创业呈现的特点是领域全覆盖、年轻化，并出现了在国内外跨越往返的“海鸥”现象。首先，海归创业表现出多样化。在互联网、生物制药等领域，在中关村等全国各大高新区，都活跃着相当一批留学人员，而且创客中也有大量留学人员。中国市场的快速发展，中国成为全球最大的互联网市场，以及国内服务业的快速增长，都为留学人员带来很多创新创业机会。他们当中还有相当一部分人从事金融服务业，比如天使投资、风险投资等，有些人做得非常好。其次，很多年轻海归家庭条件比较好，他们关注社会公益事业，投身慈善、扶贫、教育等领域。再其次，创业地域向二三线城市发展，而不再局限于大城市。他们的国际交往广泛，经常国内和国外两边跑，而且两边都有团队，便于开拓国际市场。现在，一些海归也开始关注“一带一路”倡议，并投身其中。 而且，“80后”“90后”海归更为国际化，互联网技术掌握得更为熟练，对祖国的自豪感、认同感也非常强。 徐培祥：当前，留学人员回国创业、就业的意愿越来越强烈，规模也越来越大。据教育部最新统计，从改革开放到2016年年底，出国留学人数共458万人，其中136万在外就学，265万人学成归国发展，回国创业的人数也在增加。 据教育部留学服务中心对办理回国手续的万名留学人员调研数据统计和分析，海归创业呈现出“三高”和“三集中”特点。“三高”是指学历层次高（博士生占11%，硕士生占81%，本科生占7.5%），科技含量高，创业成功率高。“三集中”是指集中来自于发达国家特别是欧美国家，创业去向集中在北上广深，年龄相对集中在30岁左右。 2.打造海归创业升级版服务体系 记者：海归创业遇到的困难和障碍主要有哪些？ 刘刚：首先是创业心理问题。从不同国家留学回来的海归，心态是不同的。比如，英国可能讲究把产品做到极致，美国更注重商业模式，德国的制造业很强。从不同文化国家回来的海归，再到我们国家不同的地域，文化适应变得很重要。而且，从学者到创业家，从努力学习就能考到优秀，到再怎么努力也不一定有确定的结果，这是大多数创业者都要经历的。 其次是国内竞争激烈，商业模型复制很快。留学人员在国外看到一个商业模型，认为在中国可以实现，但中国市场非常广阔，竞争对手学习得很快，这让很多海归不适应。 再其次是不熟悉当地社会网络。海归往往更注重对国际网络的连接，在国外有自己的圈子，但在国内容易忽略对当地文化的融入，导致很难嵌入当地社会网络。 这三方面的问题解决好了，海归企业的融资、开拓市场、开发社会资源就会比较顺利。 徐培祥：海归创业遇到的困难，中央、各部委及各地方政府都非常重视。去年李克强总理专门对海归创业遇到的“六难”做出重要批示，18个部委联合起来解决，有的问题得到了解决，有的会逐步解决。老问题解决之后，新的问题可能还会出现。 我认为，留学人员回国创业的主要问题是信息沟通不畅，这方面要进一步改善。尽管现在很多地方、单位都有自己的创业服务网站，但还不够权威，也不够统一，在信息互换、交流方面还有扩展和提升的空间。 王辉耀：年轻海归需要进一步熟悉中国社会。现在出国留学的中国学生年龄趋于低龄，留学生脱离中国社会多年，回来后需要一个适应期。像创业大赛、留交会、海创周、华创会等平台，能够帮助他们保持对国内的熟悉，因而是非常必要的。 如果说具体的困难和障碍，我认为创业门槛可以进一步放低，学历条件可以适当放宽。现在许多地方要求有硕士、博士学位才予以支持，但海归创业者中有许多本科毕业生，其中一些人也非常优秀，并有丰富的国外工作经验。 记者：海归创业需要给予哪些必要的帮扶？ 刘刚：以蒲公英创业驿站为例，我们会为大家提供几方面的服务：一是会在他们回国之前跟他们建立联系，给他们介绍国内市场情况；二是在留学生回国之后，会在他们选择创业地点方面给予辅导；三是对留学生回国后的股东结构及组织经验方面给予帮助。此外，在找房子、找中介、安家等方面，无当地户籍的海归生存成本会更高，我们将提供适当的补助；四是帮助他们快速嵌入当地社会网络。 海归创业所需要的硬环境，比如政策等，相关部门已经做得非常好了，但在实际创业中还需要一些软环境，这就需要民间组织的帮扶和指导，比如中介机构、创业导师等。蒲公英创业驿站现有30多位创业导师，引导过很多企业。 王辉耀：欧美同学会也设立了创业学院，经常举办讲座，还成立了欧美同学会创投联盟，召集有投资意愿的企业家，与未来的年轻创业者进行对接，起到了很好的“传帮带”作用。而且，还有专家和有经验的创业者为他们评判商业计划书。欧美同学会还举办留学人员创业论坛，邀请成功的海归创业者分享创业心得，邀请创业园区负责人一同探讨创业模式。我们智库每年也都会做该方面的研究，出版相关著作。 徐培祥：教育部在鼓励留学生回国工作创新创业方面，做了大量工作，主要体现在四个方面：一是出台留学人员创新创业政策；二是建立促进留学人员创新创业机制；三是搭建留学人员创新创业平台；四是实施留学人员创新创业示范项目。这里，我要重点提一下教育部与科技部共同主办的“春晖杯”创业大赛，教育部留学服务中心是大赛承办者，大赛已经成功举办了11届，入围项目成功落地的有数百家，入围者中还有几十位入选了国家“千人计划”。 我以为，当前最需要的是整合资源，建立一个国家层面的、统一的、权威的信息平台。在这个平台上，创业的政策、环境、导师、问题和对接等，一目了然。另外，要加强留学人员创业园的建设。首先是要扩大规模，其次是创业园内的服务管理有待提升，要提供“一站式”“一条龙”服务。 记者：如何改善和提升目前的海归创业服务体系，为创业者提供更加高效的服务和支持？ 王辉耀：我们国家这些年已经形成了一个服务体系，吸引留学人员回国创业并为他们提供服务。我有两个建议，一是引导留学人员与民营企业相结合。现在，大量的民营企业需要国际人才，而留学人员缺乏当地的渠道和资金，这两方如果能对接，就能够实现双赢。希望创业园能对这样的项目开放并扶持。 二是吸引外国人到中国创业。今年1月，人社部、外交部和教育部联合发布通知，欢迎优秀外籍高校毕业生在华就业。“一带一路”倡议，需要大量的外国人才加入。目前，在华留学生44万人，其中接受学历教育者21万人。我们的留学人员政策能不能把这些人涵盖进来，在创新创业方面也对他们开放？如果创业园区能够吸纳他们入园，对我们的创新创业是很大的支撑。此外，我们还有6000多万华人华侨在海外，他们的后代非常优秀，这部分人也应成为国家引才的对象。 刘刚：可以建立一个统一的信息平台，包括服务评价体系，让留学人员像网约车一样，选到最适合的创业地点和园区。如果国家启动这样的平台，对我们来说是一个契机，正如服务最好的网约车司机总是接单最多，如果让留学人员根据各园区的服务评价来选择创业服务和孵化机构，也会促进相关园区和机构服务质量的提升。 这种服务体系也可以延伸到国外，海外留学生在国外通过“春晖杯”创业大赛等平台就能得到引导。只要我们都成为最好的网约车司机，全球的创业者就都会来。 3.既要做好生力军，更要敢做先锋队 记者：国家对海归创业有更高的期待，期望他们带回国际领先的技术、模式和理念，这与对国内大学生创业的定位略有不同。如何理解这份期许？ 刘刚：很多年轻人创业是为了就业，属于就业型创业。海归创业，并不一定要做很大的企业，他们的价值更在于所带来的文化多样性。多样性是创新的基础，一个多样文化并存的区域，必定是国际化程度较高的区域，竞争能力也会比较强。 留学是中国开放的标志，留学人员对我国科技、文化、教育等方面的发展，都能起到推动作用。同时，留学人员是我们接近和了解国外文化的重要通道，保持对他们的关注和支持，对于中国的发展至关重要。 王辉耀：中国已经成为全世界最大的留学输出国和回归国。未来要搞好“一带一路”倡仪，不断推动全球化大潮，人才大进大出的局面还会持续下去。这是未来中国创新的来源，也是支撑。他们对实施创新驱动战略和“双创”大业、推动中国全球化、实现中华民族伟大复兴、打造人类命运共同体等方面，将发挥极其重要的作用。做好海归事业，为他们在国内外发展打好基础，会成为中国独特的竞争优势。 徐培祥：海归在我国各个领域作出了突出贡献，取得了优异成绩，得到国家和社会的广泛认同。因此，国家和社会对新一代海归的期望很高，希望他们在“双创”浪潮中不仅要发挥生力军作用，还要当好先锋队。（《神州学人》记者 杨宇 曹喆 徐妍）文章选自《中国教育报》，2017年3月16日
2017年3月17日 -
【China Daily】The world is watching
All eyes are on China’s two sessions, seeking clues about the futureEditor’s note Each year in early March, China’s top legislature and political advisory body convene in Beijing for their annual meetings known as the two sessions. China Daily will present the highlights of the meetings, which run from March 3 to 15.Representatives for attending the two sessions meeting arrive in Beijing on March 2. Jin Liwang / XinhuaChina’s big annual two sessions political meeting could be one of the most important in recent years, given the uncertain international backdrop, according to experts.Some 5,000 participants from the National People’s Congress, China’s top legislature, and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the country’s top political advisory body, will descend on Beijing for the event.Observers around the world will be looking for indications of future policy from Beijing.With the world’s second-largest economy being a driver of global growth, the first of these will be the GDP target, which will be announced by Premier Li Keqiang when he delivers the Government Work Report on March 5.Last year he set this within a range of between 6.5 and 7 percent, with the actual outcome being within that at 6.7 percent.Most analysts expect the target to be set at a similar level, with the government placing strong emphasis this year on economic stability.With President Xi Jinping committing China to globalization in his speech to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, in January, China’s reaching out to the rest of the world through its Belt and Road Initiative is also likely to be center stage.Beijing will host the Belt and Road forum for international cooperation in May, which will be attended by heads of state and government from across the world.The two sessions meeting - the CPPCC opening on March 3 and the NPC two days later - is also the first since President Xi was confirmed as "core leader" in October as a demonstration of Party unity.The meeting also has greater political significance this year, since the 19th CPC National Congress also takes place later this year, with the election of a new Standing Committee, China’s top leadership body.The new leadership will be responsible for driving reforms over the next five years, which is seen as a crucial period for their delivery.Martin Jacques, journalist and author of When China Rules The World. Nick J.B. Moore / For China DailyMartin Jacques, the British academic and journalist and author of the best-selling When China Rules The World, believes there will be much greater international interest in the two sessions this year than in previous years."China is definitely now playing to a bigger gallery. The meeting has always had a following from the developing world but now it is the developed world that is looking to China," he says."The turning point was President Xi’s speech at Davos saying he was committed to globalization. Never in my lifetime have I witnessed a Chinese leader so listened to in the West. It was a speech where people hung on every word. It came at a time when Trump’s new strategy was to turn away from globalization."The meetings begin as the government’s attempts to stabilize the economy appear to be succeeding. China’s Purchasing Managing Index (PMI), an official gauge of manufacturing activity, rose to 51.6 in February from 51.3 in January, according to data released on March 1.Wang Huiyao, counselor of the China State Council, or China’s Cabinet, who will be attending the meeting believes the GDP growth target will be kept at around 6.5 percent."I think they will keep this target for this year at least. There may be some adjustment on this over the next five years."Rana Mitter, professor of Chinese history at Oxford University and director of the Oxford University China Centre, says many economists will be looking for indicators that policymakers are prepared to tackle some of the pressures building up in the economy."I think the leadership fully understands that if they don’t deal with these soon they will be more painful further along the way," he says."They have to respond to both the increasingly high levels of debt and problems in the financial system, like shadow banking."One of the government’s central aims is to double 2010’s GDP per capita income level by 2020 so that China can become a high-income country by the following year which marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party. To do this, the economy needs to grow by 6.5 percent in each of the next three years. Some economists have been skeptical about the narrow window of time left to achieve this.Wang, however, who is also founder and president of the Center for China and Globalization (CCG), an independent think tank, believes there should be enough momentum to meet the goal."There could be challenges, but when the Chinese government sets a target, it always tries to achieve it. The new areas of the economy in e-commerce and technology are very strong. The government has placed great emphasis on innovation and reducing regulation on enterprises, which I think will pay dividends."The meeting is also likely to look ahead to May’s Belt and Road forum for international cooperation, which will be one of China’s key events of the year.Jonathan Fenby, leading China commentator and author of Will China Dominate The 21st Century?, says there is increasing interest in the initiative in Europe."It was initially seen as something that applied just to Central Asia and Southeast Asia, but with the rail line to Germany, European governments and companies see themselves very much at the end of the road," he says.Jacques believes the Belt and Road Initiative reaching to Europe could provide the fillip the European economy now needs."It could open up Central and Eastern European countries, in particular, to greater Chinese investment, which could be the economic motor than Europe now badly needs."Helen Hai, chief executive officer of the Made in Africa Initiative, a UN organization that advises African governments on industrialization and investment, says the Belt and Road is also important to Africa. The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which connects with East Africa, and is the sea-lane link of the initiative, is aimed at boosting trade between Asia and Africa."Initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank are about cooperating in economic development," he says."While Donald Trump is talking about bringing jobs back to the US, President Xi, as he did at Davos, is speaking the language of social inclusion and bringing development to the so-called bottom billion, the people in Africa who can benefit from this."Derek Han, chairman of NSBO, an investment bank and China research company with offices in London and Beijing, agrees the initiative takes on a whole new meaning if the US retreats from globalization."With the Belt and Road Initiative China is stepping into a vacuum, whereas we have an inward looking United States. China looks as though it has a long-term plan and supports globalization."The future of Asian trade blocs may also come under discussion at the meeting now that the United States has pulled out of the Trans Pacific Partnership, which has 11 other members, including Japan and Australia.China has been expected to breathe new life into the RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership), which was launched at the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) summit in Cambodia in 2012.Some of the TPP members are keen for China to take the place of the US within their grouping."I was talking with the Chilean ambassador the other night, and that is what they are hoping," says Wang."It is a trade deal that has already been negotiated and there is a good opportunity for China to move in."Jacques believes the two sessions is likely to generate much more interest from those viewing, outside China."They will be looking for what China has to offer the world in the difficult times we are currently living through."From China Daily, 2017-3-3
2017年3月17日 -
王辉耀：继续深入推动全球化
专家简介王辉耀，中国与全球化智库（CCG）主任。 本次两会“全球化”成为众多代表关注的热点话题，李克强总理的政府工作报告中三次提及“全球化”，包括指出面临“逆全球化”思潮和保护主义倾向抬头的挑战，“经济全球化符合世界各国的根本利益”，强调要“深入参与全球治理进程，引导经济全球化朝着更加包容互惠、公正合理的方向发展”。这是政府工作报告首次给予全球化和全球治理重要篇幅，再次明确表示了中国政府支持、捍卫和继续深入推动全球化的决心，也是进一步对习近平总书记关于全球化和全球治理主张的具体落实。 从去年的G20杭州峰会和APEC秘鲁峰会，到今年年初的世界经济论坛2017年会，习近平总书记向世界各国充分展示了中国维护和推动经济全球化的信心和决心。特别是今年，他全面剖析和回应了一系列经济全球化问题，充分肯定了全球化对世界经济的积极作用，指出“面对经济全球化带来的机遇和挑战，正确的选择是，充分利用一切机遇，合作应对一切挑战，引导好经济全球化走向”，重申“要让经济全球化进程更有活力、更加包容、更可持续”。 继续推动全球化，不仅是展示了中国引领世界经济共同发展的大国责任，更是我国自身切身利益的需要。中国通过改革开放切实收获了经济全球化的红利，同时也推动了经济全球化的进程。加入世界贸易组织以来，中国的货物进出口总额从2000年的3.93万亿元，扩张到2015年的24.57万亿元，增长6倍多，成为世界第一大货物贸易国；国内生产总值从2000年的9.98万亿元，增长至2015年的67.67万亿元，涨幅超5倍，位于世界第二位；居民人均可支配收入从2000年的6280元增长到2015年的21966元，增长3倍多。同时，中国也积极参与和维护国际货币基金组织、世界银行等国际组织，开展了多方面的良好合作，取得了丰富成果。 近年来，全球贸易增速连续下滑，已经极大地影响到世界经济发展，也使得大家开始担忧经济全球化是否已经达到顶峰。同时，全球各国的逆全球化浪潮此起彼伏。特朗普在竞选期间即坚持主张美国主义而不是全球主义，认为美国加入的世贸组织协定、北美自由贸易协定等贸易协定中的很多条件有碍于美国经济发展，正式就任后更是立即宣布美国退出跨太平洋伙伴关系协定，极大地助长了反全球化贸易的思潮。而英国“脱欧”公投的结果，也大大出乎英国政治精英阶层和一众分析人士的意料，其影响也在欧盟内部持续发酵，法国、荷兰、意大利等国的极端党派也纷纷表示将仿效英国启动脱欧公投，对欧盟的一体化进程形成了巨大挑战。这些都说明了经济全球化处于关键转折阶段，全球经济面临更多的不确定性。 中国作为全球化的实际受益者，理应继续捍卫、推动全球化进程，本次政府工作报告也就此做出一系列具体部署，包括推进“一带一路”建设、促进外贸升级、优化外商投资环境、推进国际贸易和投资自由化便利化等措施，以实际行动支持和推动全球化。“维护多边贸易体制主渠道地位，积极参与多边贸易谈判”无疑是其中的重要抓手之一，报告中也就推动具体的多边经济机制做出安排。当前，美国退出TPP，亚太各国仍在积极寻求区域经济安排升级，并对中国的参与抱有积极、开放的态度，RCEP、FTAAP的谈判进程有望加快，这也为中国更加深入地参与全球经济治理创造了机会，多边经济机制的升级完善已经提上日程。文章选自中国网，2017年3月15日
2017年3月17日 -
张华荣：“一带一路”要为企业走出去营造更宽松的金融环境
【视频观看】 两会期间，中国与全球化智库(CCG)与人民日报旗下环球网联合推出系列高端访谈节目“撸起袖子加油干”，采访全国政协委员、知名学者专家、和部分CCG理事，就两会热点话题进行探讨。 华坚集团是全球的最大女鞋生产企业之一，1996年成立于广东省东莞市，集研发、贸易、皮革制造、鞋材制造等为一体，月产鞋200万双左右，主要销往美国市场，是 COACH等品牌的代工厂。2010年开始，华坚集团开始承接IVANKA TRUMP (伊万卡·特朗普)的订单，一年的订单量在5万-6万双。张华荣在业界号称“中国女鞋教父”。 本期“撸起袖子加油干”特别邀请全国政协委员、中国与全球化智库（CCG）副主席、华坚集团董事长兼总裁张华荣，中国与全球化智库（CCG）秘书长苗绿将与您一起对话“中国女鞋教父”，分享华坚在“走出去”过程中的经验以及他在“一带一路”发展中的愿景。文章选自环球网，2017年3月10日
2017年3月16日 -
陆兴东：“互联网＋政务”新样本
理事简介陆兴东，CCG常务理事，国龙文产投资集团有限公司董事长。如果继续以孤岛方式建设互联网，投入网站平台建设资金，建成后的门户网站功能仅以信息发布为主，没有成熟的信息公开系统、公共服务系统和公众诉求互动系统。这将会直接导致建设效果达不到评测要求，且不断要求重新改版升级和二次资金投入，是公共资源的巨大浪费。 随着智慧城市、智慧经济时代的到来，“互联网+政务服务”已成为推动政府高效管理、信息公开共享的重要手段。 而目前，“互联网+政务服务”有了一定基础，各地各部门都建设了不少信息系统。但因为这些系统之间缺少联接和沟通，往往“各自为政”，形成了一个个信息“孤岛”。这些孤岛导致政务信息资源多元、异构、分散，影响了整体效能的发挥。 如果继续以孤岛方式建设互联网，投入网站平台建设资金、服务器采购资金、网络出口资金以及安全设备资金，建成后的门户网站功能仅以信息发布为主，没有成熟的信息公开系统、公共服务系统和公众诉求互动系统。这将会直接导致建设效果达不到评测要求，且不断要求重新改版升级和二次资金投入，是公共资源的巨大浪费。 因此，完善和提升部门服务能力、实现信息互联互通和共享是政府网站群发展的必然要求，也是当前电子政务建设的关键所在。信息孤岛难题 2016年9月，国务院印发了《关于加快推进“互联网+政务服务”工作的指导意见》，从优化再造政务服务、融合升级平台渠道、夯实支撑基础、加强组织保障等方面提出了要求。 《意见》明确要求各地区各部门加强统筹，注重实效，分级分类推进新型智慧城市建设，打造透明高效的服务型政府。《意见》还从解决人民群众反映强烈的办事难、办事慢、办事繁等问题出发，要求各地区各部门简化优化办事流程，推进线上线下融合，提供渠道多样、简便易用的政务服务。 大力推行“互联网+政务服务”，需要打破信息壁垒，提升服务效率。其实，目前国内政务信息化已有相当基础。一个显著标志是，各部门已经建设了众多信息系统，如政务垂直门户等。但进一步信息化的梗阻恰恰也在于此，由于这些系统之间缺少联接和沟通，往往“各自为政”，形成了一个个信息“孤岛”。 这些“孤岛”弊端正逐步显现。国务院办公厅发布的2016年第二次全国政府网站抽查结果显示，在随机抽查的746个各级政府网站中，不合格网站有112个,其中77.7%的问题网站集中在县级以下。 县级部门及乡镇网站之所以问题较多，一方面在于基层网站运营资金缺乏，另一方面也没有专业人员进行网站维护，缺乏统一规范。这造成技术实现方式和管理形式不统一，网站之间不能进行有效的信息共享，导致政府网站整个建设结构过于松散，信息资源多元、异构、分散，影响了门户网站整体效能的发挥。 如果继续以孤岛方式建设互联网，投入网站平台建设资金、服务器采购资金、网络出口资金以及安全设备资金，建成后的门户网站功能仅以信息发布为主，没有成熟的信息公开系统、公共服务系统和公众诉求互动系统。这将会直接导致建设效果达不到评测要求，且不断要求重新改版升级和二次资金投入，是公共资源的巨大浪费。完善和提升部门服务能力是政府网站群发展的必然要求，也是当前电子政务建设的关键所在。 此外，政府部门在移动互联网的建设亦需要统一规划，让各部门能够自主针对受众和服务对象进行信息公开和服务事项梳理。全球化一站式便携新政务 在国家大力实施互联网＋政务服务的大背景下，各地政府各部门都在探索打破网络政务“孤岛”现状，这需要创新的技术及业务服务模式。 从目前的情况看 ，打破信息“孤岛”主要面临三大障碍。首先，技术方面，各部门各级政府根据自身职能建立了纷繁复杂的管理制度和系统，要把这些类型各异、统计方式不一、系统平台千差万别的数据整合在一起，并不容易。当务之急就是建立统一的整合标准；其次，思想意识方面，如果说技术难题是“硬壁垒”，那么打破各部门间的各自为政就是“软壁垒”；第三，安全难题，打破信息“孤岛”后，如何做好信息安全工作有待全面考虑。 针对打破信息孤岛的迫切需要及其面临的困境，城市客厅平台或可提供一种新思路。 城市客厅平台是由北京中广掌视科技有限公司开发并全球投资布网，中广掌视是由国家广电总局中广传播集团CMMB与国龙文产集团共同成立的直播平台, 由中广传播集团负责直播播控管理，同时联合深圳华为集团建立全球中视云技术及视频分享技术组建的全球骨干网、地区二级网，从而快速布局全球市场。 城市客厅平台以城市为单元，开设政务、招商、旅游、新闻等20个频道。以政务服务频道为例，城市客厅平台将重点推进地方法规、新闻发布、财政预算、公共资源、项目招标批准、公益建设、投诉受理等领域的信息公开。 2017年，该平台预计将在全国范围内开通1500个合作城市，协助政府全面公开公共服务，构建实体政务大厅、网上办事大厅、移动客户端等多种形式相结合、相统一的公共服务平台。城市客厅平台不仅服务于政务服务，还在新闻集成、商务电商、旅务休闲、教务娱乐、家务消费进行集成创新。 此外，城市客厅还将建立多语种版本，打响全球化战略，2017年内将完成150个国家的推广和布局。由此，提供发达国家产品及资讯的同时，城市客厅平台有利于发展中国家获得更多对外贸易机会、推动特色旅游、提升文化国际认知与保护等。文章选自瞭望智库，2017年3月14日
2017年3月16日