-
毛大庆：在北京，单薄的经营思想很危险
毛大庆认为，北京万科必须学会经营资产的能力，哪些产品需要“货如轮转”，哪些产品需要“金屋藏娇”。房地产在北京还有很长的未来，但一定要立体经营，多元化发展。 在一座围合式布局的矮层办公楼中央，是一片塑胶运动场。每天中午休息时间，都有乒乒乓乓的声音传来。这片运动场既可以打篮球也可以踢足球。办公楼离朝阳公园很近，下了班换上装备就可以去跑步。食堂在地下一层。万科集团高级副总裁、北京万科总经理毛大庆用“漂亮”二字来形容食堂。 费口舌向记者们介绍万科在北京的办公楼，并不是炫耀福利，而是想说明一种新理念在写字楼产品上的运用。毛大庆透露说，北京万科打算做一个让工作在其中的人不想下班的写字楼。可健身、可洗澡、可娱乐甚至是可以住宿的，可能还会有胶囊酒店。新理念将在顺义天竺万科中心首先尝试。 除了天竺项目以外，万科在北京还操盘了9个写字楼，分归于不同的产品线。万科打算将做社区商业的理念，服务写字楼人群。 从零售商业到写字楼，从物流地产到养老地产，和百度合作，与对外经贸大学成立万科区域经济与城市化发展研究中心。眼花缭乱的动作背后，掩藏着“老大”的生存焦虑。“在北京这样一座城市，单薄的经营思想很危险。”毛大庆说。 多元化路径 “如何定义和规划北京万科的未来？”21世纪经济报道记者提问。 毛大庆加入万科后首次在公开场合回答这个问题。他告诉记者，“大约两年前，万科集团董事长王石对我说，北京万科要立志成为一家优秀的房地产公司，而不是万科集团中优秀的一线公司。”王石的话对毛大庆触动很大，毛大庆称对北京万科的所有希望和规划都在沿着这个思路走。 他进一步解释说，优秀公司的出发点首先是经营健康的公司。北京万科努力在几个维度上提升能力。首先是以现金流为核心的经营思路。“原来的想法是，集团在上，什么事不行就往集团怀里躺。”毛大庆说。截至2014年6月28日，北京万科(不含京外项目)今年上半年已完成117.3亿元的销售额。这个新记录，不仅是万科的，也是全行业的。“一线公司不能再啃老，‘儿女’当自强。”毛大庆说。 如果仅仅是卖住宅、快速周转，无法适应北京的土地市场。事实上，不仅仅是北京，一线城市的纯住宅用地供应量都在急剧萎缩。21世纪经济报道记者获得的资料显示，2013年北京市成交土地中，仅有11%左右是纯居住类地块，45%左右是含住宅用地的综合地块。 毛大庆认为，北京万科必须学会经营资产的能力，哪些产品需要“货如轮转”，哪些产品需要“金屋藏娇”。房地产在北京还有很长的未来，但一定要立体经营，多元化发展。 在社区商业板块，万科在努力追赶领汇模式。商业综合体和写字楼在学凯德的经验，与资本市场结合以及整体退出。养老地产产品将在明年推出。除了熟练的住宅开发以外，其它新板块都规划新的未来。 复杂的业务条线，纷繁的合作背后，北京万科进入新领域的操作逻辑实则简单。结合万科的现状，模仿或学习最优秀的公司。建立新的管理团队，内部人转型和外部招聘相结合。万科也从万达、绿地等公司挖角了一批专业人才。借助外脑，与清华大学建筑学院合作研究养老地产，与对外经贸大学合作成立万科区域经济与城市化发展研究中心。以及与百度、从事写字楼认证的BOMA公司(国际建筑业主与管理者协会)合作等。 建立产品线，标准化后再进行复制。万科的写字楼产品有三条产品线。北京万科副总经理肖劲称，一是万科中心系，为最高端产品，主要为甲级或超甲级写字楼，是多业态纯商业综合体，包括首开万科中心和天竺万科中心2个项目；二是金域国际系，定位于中型城市商业广场和区域商务配套中心，一般紧邻产业园区或传统商务区，布局在融合住宅、商业、办公的城市综合体中，包括住总万科·金域国际中心、金第万科·朗润国际中心2个项目；三是万科天地系，以服务小微企业、创业家微乐园为目的，讲究SOHO办公，户型灵活实用，企业购置门槛低，包括万科长阳天地、长阳半岛V公馆等项目。相似的是，在进入零售商业时，万科也划分了产品线。 越大越危险 今年1月21日，万科B股转H股媒体见面会上，万科总裁郁亮称，万科甚至没制定新一年的目标，“房地产企业越大越危险”。在他看来，小企业实现一个具体的经营目标很容易，但企业大了，不能只用销售收入来衡量。 万科财报显示，在万科前十名全资附属公司中，2013年，北京万科的营业收入排名是第7，净利润排名第2，总资产排名第1，净利润率排名第1。但另一面，万科北京区域的销售利润率排名倒数第一，资产周转率排名第三，权益乘数排名倒数第一，净资产收益率排名倒数第一。 房地产发展的地区不平衡性，投射在全国化扩张的公司中，确有一些区域公司的利润，无论职业经理人怎样努力，一直保持在较低水平，但从公司大的战略布局又无法舍弃。它也同时意味着，要达到优秀的标准，北京万科亦有需要提升的地方。 毛大庆相信，学习能力能弥补万科进入新领域欠缺经验的短板。但一位曾在万达等公司任职过、在商业地产领域从业超过15年的同行在与21世纪经济报道记者交流时表示，无论是万达还是万科，从公司的DNA来看，他们都是售卖型的公司，和持有型公司的企业文化有本质性的区别。售卖型公司做到60分就已不易，而持有型公司以做到100分为目标。在增量市场上，60分就可以完成任务。而存量市场上，越优秀的公司活得越好，风险越小。随着城市化进程进入尾声，存量市场迟早会到来。 北京万科2014年总体业绩将超过2000亿，其中35%来自于非住宅。据21世纪经济报道了解，非住宅部分三分之一打算经营，三分之二打算散售。经营并不是等于长期持有，有些项目可能会学习凯德模式，持有一段时间后，在资本市场上寻找退出渠道。 北京万科面临的首要困难，是目前散售型写字楼销售状况不佳，中小投资者一直在观望。从布局来看，万科的10个写字楼项目全部位于非核心商务区和新兴产业区。这些项目几乎全部是综合性地块的一部分，万科进入写字楼领域有被动的成分。 一位房地产经纪人告诉21世纪经济报道记者，不看好偏远地区的散售型写字楼，因其难以保证出租率和收益率。北京万科需要研究产业布局，甚至是主动引入一些企业。毛大庆称，北京万科也在努力学习华夏幸福能卖会租的模式。（文章选自21世纪网）
2015年8月6日 -
王强：天使投资，看人比看项目更重要
王强，真格基金联合创始人，中国与全球化智库（CCG）常务理事。 Topic 01判断一个项目该不该投的标准是什么？“看人比看项目更重要” 王强：作为天使轮，我们还在投资非常早期的一个阶段，看人是最重要的因素。因为除了创业者的素质和决心，还包括他是不是真的从各个层面上做好了做这件事的准备，都是很关键的因素。 因为早期创业除了这个人本身的素质你可以有所判断之外，其他的很多因素都是没有经过市场检测的，都没有办法成为判定创业者优劣的标准。所以“人”是最重要的。Topic 02会更偏爱海归创业项目吗？“一视同仁，只要有创造力，找到局部痛点，然后改变世界” 王强：对于创业者来说，分海归和本土，我个人认为，是个没有逻辑的划分。因为创业，你判断的是看这个创业者有没有创造力，这个创造力对于所要进入的领域是否能够在市场中满足一个刚性的需求。当然更好是在满足这个刚性的需求之外，还可以局部地改变一些现实中存在的痛点，然后改变世界。 所以对于天使投资来说，没有什么年龄、性别、族裔的区别，只有一个标准，那就是创造力。再详细点说，如果一个海归在硅谷创业，他应该已经适应了硅谷那边的文化。海归们如果回到国内创业，需要补的一课就是迅速接地气，或者寻找到非常熟悉中国市场、有极强操作和执行能力的合伙人或者团队成员，一起创业。Topic 03真格基金是如何“忽悠”这些海归人才回来创业的？“脱离不开新东方和教育情节” 王强：这和十几年在新东方这个平台上的耕耘有关。现在在海外的留学生，很多人当年或多或少都听过我和小平在新东方的课程、讲演、或者读过我们的书籍。他们当年立志改变自己的思维方式，去追求这个留学的道路。但是留学之后他们人生将面临另外一个阶段——就是需要做事情。所以在做事情的时候，真格基金自然成为了他们选择的一个回归的平台。 我们过去的影响力能够迅速地让这些海外的学子们相信我们。而且我们以这个做老师的心态去对待她们。所以我和小平对于那些早期创业的年轻学子来说，与其说是一个投资者，更不如说是一个老师。老师的心态是什么样的呢？老师的心态是爱惜才华、不惜代价、充满希望和期待地去帮助他们，在遇到任何困难险阻的时候能够推助他们，最后盼着他们获得成功。当然他们的成功也意味着我们作为投资者，真格基金最后的成功。Topic 04从投资人的角度如何看待政府在鼓励海归创业上态度的转变“全民创业是在鼓励一种梦想价值观——如果梦想是有价值的，自然也可以获得一定财富的回报” 王强：现在政府已经把创业作为一种年轻人应该敢于追求的生活方式提出来了。无论是在法规、制度还是行政手段方面都做出了极大的推动，再加上国内投资圈子越来越多的人进入。总的来说，中国目前是从上到下，创业不仅变成了国策，更重要是变成了一种生活方式。 政府的这种推动，非常重大的意义在于，这是千百年来，第一次大张旗鼓地鼓励大家认为用自己的才华，通过越来越理性有效的治理环境，来实现自己的梦想。当然同时如果梦想是有价值的，自然也可以获得一定财富的回报。 如果这成为一个大家都认可的价值观的时候，作为民族的创作力，会呈几何级数的喷发。政府在倡导年轻人创业过程中，不单单是在考虑就业或者是出路的问题，更重要的是作为一个民族的总体，我们将要向这个世界展现一种怎么样的创造力。 只有越来越多的人从事创造，我们才可以提高创造力的总水平。只有这样，我们才能在创造力这个水平上和世界对话，甚至最后引领世界。Topic 05真格基金为何要举办越来越多的活动？“帮助有创业梦想的年轻人，缩短解决困惑的时间” 王强：办活动的时候，我们通常会思考我们为什么要办活动，想要达到什么的目的，所以我们的活动都是有很多的讨论和推演的。 很多时候，我个人认为，我们的活动在很大程度上达到了我们的目的。什么样的目的呢？理性激情地，带着非常有效的信息来帮助创业者来解决他们在创业各个阶段遇到的困难。 你如果去看真格所办的活动，其实和大部分风投公司的活动是很不一样。比如我们举办的Zhentalk，面对自己的创业公司提供各个方面的指导，邀请相关嘉宾演讲。还有我们的真驿站，是一个面对海外学子的，类似商学院的活动，带领他们去走访一些初见曙光的创业公司，去和创始人深入交流，学习创业经验教训。 所以我认为去看一个公司的活动，先不要去看举办的频率，而是要去看这些活动的背后有没有体现这个公司的哲学，有没有这个公司想要实现的具体的目标。 创业现在已然成为了一个全民的活动。尽管如此，中国依然在一个非常初步的阶段。因此各种活动的举办有利于各种心怀创业之梦，但是刚刚进入正式人生轨迹的创业者们，去缩短他们了解企业、创业本质的困惑的时间。
2015年8月6日 -
China Daily: Africa is not China but can copy it
Kaberuka visited CCG and had a speech on July,20 Head of continent’s development bank says Beijing has an important role to play in industrialization It took China about 30 years to transform itself from a poor country to an important economic power, but Africa is trying to make the transformation sooner, says Donald Kaberuka, president of the African Development Bank. "We have a lot to learn here from what they have done in such a short period of time," says Kaberuka, who attended a seminar at the Center for China and Globalization in Beijing in late July. "I hope it takes Africa less than 30 years." Kaberuka also met with Chinese government and business leaders to discuss boosting China-Africa business links. It was his sixth visit to China, his fourth as president of the African Development Bank, established in 1964 to finance development of African countries. Africa’s growth is continuing apace, with a 4.5 percent rise expected this year, and 5 percent in 2016, according to an AfDB report. But while the world frequently compares Africa to China in the 1980s and 1990s, Kaberuka says he thinks it is important to point out some misunderstandings about Africa. The international media often portray Africa as if it were one country, he says. An epidemic in Liberia and several other relatively small West African countries, for example, was reported as an epidemic in Africa. "It is not quite right to compare China and Africa. China is 1.3 billion people, but it is one country. Africa is 1 billion people; it is 54 countries, with different currencies, trading regulations, languages, and so on," he says. "There is a whole set of similarities and differences between these countries that people must be made aware of: Large economies, large populations; small economies; naturally rich countries; industrializing countries." Kaberuka says it’s true that there is a lot to learn from China’s economic development. First is this: When Deng Xiaoping started the reform and opening-up of China, the starting point was increasing agricultural productivity. "Chinese farmers were given the right to own their farms, and the fertilizer input was increased almost four times, so agricultural development in China moved very fast and there was enough food. As you boosted agricultural productivity, you’ve got supplementary labor available for the manufacturing sector. It won’t be different in Africa," he says. "That is an important lesson for us. If you want to industrialize, begin by increasing agricultural productivity." The second: It was not about the market or the state, it is about what works. "I like very much Deng Xiaoping’s famous phrase: It doesn’t matter whether a cat is white or black, as long as it catches mice. That is something important for me. Another is: Keep learning as you go, and see what works," he says. Kaberuka says another major priority is to attract more Chinese businesspeople to invest in African countries. "The future for growth is in Asia-Africa, so getting Asian businesspeople to invest in Africa is a thing permanently on my mind," he says. Another misunderstanding frequently advanced in the media, he says, is that the relationship between China and Africa is all about natural resources such as oil, gas and minerals, which he calls "a complete misunderstanding of the situation. There is a notion that the growth in Africa in the past 50 years is due to natural resources. Actually, that is not true. "Natural resources growth is fast but very volatile. Countries growing on the basis of investments have less growth than the natural resources countries, but it’s much more sustainable. What is driving growth now is investments, especially investments in infrastructure, demand, internal migration, increasing disposable income, expanding regional trade," he says, adding that such factors account for close to 30 percent of growth. As markets become more sophisticated, the relationship between China and Africa is increasingly about the relocation of manufacturing. "Which, for me, is a much deeper relationship than simply a trading relationship," he says. "I also see more companies from here (China), taking advantage of the huge demographic changes of my continent." Since the industrialization of the United Kingdom, businesses moved around the world based on such factors as the competitive production of labor, technology and product markets, he says. In the case of the shoe industry, it was first developed in England, especially in Manchester and Leeds, then moved to the United States, then to the Far East to Japan, to Taiwan, to the Chinese mainland, and then to Southeast Asia and now it is moving to Africa. "That doesn’t happen automatically, but only if there’s enough energy to attract the firms, if the logistics are in place. In the past few years, there have been many Chinese firms moving to Africa, moving to Ethiopia, because Ethiopian electricity is very cheap compared with China’s, and the logistics have improved a lot. "There’s a Chinese saying: You build the nest, I bring the bird. So we are involved in the process of trying to build the nest, which is good infrastructure, certain services, some property regulation, so that the investors can bring the bird and prosper in the market," Kaberuka says. Two things on top of Africa’s agenda, infrastructure and industrialization, are where China is expected to play a bigger role, he says. Africa has a deficit of $500 billion in infrastructure, and the banks have created the Africa 50 Fund to try to mobilize capital from private markets for infrastructure, which is now mainly for African governments and institutions. This is expected to open to Chinese companies as well in the future, he says. Infrastructure and industrialization have to be developed together, Kaberuka says, and industrialization must be developed on the basis of competitive infrastructure. "Infrastructure is not enough. You need to also have logistics and logistics may involve soft elements, paperwork, bureaucracy, the speed of moving things. This is soft infrastructure, and we need both in industrialization," he says. Industrial parks and special economic zones, a model often used by China in its economic development, are now widely used by African countries such as Ethiopia, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Nigeria, which Kaberuka says could be a good model for the continent’s industrialization. "In the large countries, you cannot provide good infrastructure everywhere," he says. Industrial parks "might be a good way to begin, so as the government you provide land, electricity, water, telephones, you provide the basics, and the companies come to settle down". With China leading the new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank of which two African countries, Egypt and South Africa, are founding members there are also high expectations for the bank to operate outside Asia when there are new opportunities, Kaberuka says. "I’d be more than willing to help them identify many more opportunities in Africa for infrastructure, for which the demand is huge. My sense is that the AIIB will bring a new agenda to international financial architecture," he says. Kaberuka also says that China should not take seriously the critics who accuse it of being "new colonists" in Africa. "Globalization is about everybody being everywhere, and more energy should be spent on issues such as strengthening security, the justice system, economics and infrastructure rather than giving attention to the minority view ... of people who don’t understand the issues", he says. "Sensible people won’t say that. They understand that it is important to grow Africa’s economy, and to understand that China, like many other markets, has a role to play." He says he once went to a news conference in a European country that criticized China’s presence in Africa, but on that same day, the president of that country had flown to China with a delegation of 100 businesspeople. "You have American business here, you have Chinese business in Boston, you have African business in Guangdong. Everybody is everywhere, this is globalization," he says.(China Daily Africa Weekly 07/31/2015 page32)
2015年8月6日 -
大国崛起与“人才战争”
文/王辉耀 中国与全球化智库（CCG）主任 美国网罗人才的“世界眼光” 美国总统奥巴马提名美籍华人骆家辉担任商务部长时，曾非常煽情地说，骆家辉的祖父在20世纪初从中国广东乘船抵达美国，虽在美国举目无亲，并且不会说英语，但依然为实现“美国梦”奋斗。一百年后，他的孙子骆家辉住进了华盛顿州长官邸。奥巴马总结，骆家辉家族白手起家的移民奋斗史是“美国梦”最鲜活的体现。 当然，奥巴马自己才是“美国梦”最著名的代言人。可能大多数人都知道“美国梦”的主要内涵是“只要努力，一切皆有可能”，却没有意识到美国在全球推销“美国梦”还有更重要的隐蔽性目的，那就是吸引全世界人才去为美国工作：无论你出生在世界上哪个国家(哪怕是美国的敌人)，属于哪个种族，只要是顶尖的人才，美国就会竭尽全力欢迎你；只要愿意在美国付出努力，就一定能够发挥你的才能取得成功，成为美国的州长、部长(如布什的商务部长古铁雷斯就出生于古巴)，你的后代甚至可以成为美国的总统。 一位美国学者曾在《华盛顿邮报》上解释“美国梦”说：“一直以来，美国是许多有才之士的移居之地。他们都在追求‘美国梦’--赴美求学，创造财富。过去40年，数以十万的海外人才流入美国，对印度及中国造成极大损失。” 可以说，美国确确实实是一个“不拘一格降人才”和“惟才是举”的国家，这种对人才的重视为世界上任何一个国家所不及。在英国、法国，人才必须先获得签证，居留数年才能申请绿卡随后入籍；在中国，2004年才出台长期引进人才的绿卡制度(1年后只有100人获批)，但至今没有人才入籍政策；有些国家只重视有钱的投资移民，而在美国，每年批准14万职业移民获得绿卡，投资移民只有1万，杰出人才、优秀人才、专业人才则各4万，其中“国家利益豁免”、“杰出人才”类别不需要申请劳工证，杰出人才作为第一优先对象的类别不必等待排期，不需由雇主来提出申请，就可以用自己的名义直接申请成为美国的永久居民。 这也是美国而不是英国或者中国成为超级大国的根本原因：美国拥有的是世界一流而不是国内一流的人才，美国在欧洲、亚洲竞争对手的最优秀人才不是在与美国的顶尖人才竞争，而是来到美国与美国本土最顶尖的人才一起为美国工作。研制原子弹的“曼哈顿”工程主要领导者之一恩里科·费米，登月行动“阿波罗”项目的主管以及美国的“导弹之父”冯·布劳恩，“氢弹之父”爱德华·特勒，“电子计算机之父”冯·诺依曼……这些改变美国也改变世界的科学家，没有一个出生在美国，但这些全球顶尖人才都像爱因斯坦一样，在欧洲成名却被美国挖走，并入籍扎根美国，最终也把世界中心从欧洲带到了美国扎根。2004年，美国将火星探测车送上火星，探测车着陆系统首席工程师李炜钧也是出生中国大陆，计划飞行主任陈哲辉则出生中国台湾。 美国能够吸聚全世界大多数顶尖人才的原因，又不仅仅是因为他们的硬件基础，更主要是因为他们比世界上任何一个国家都更重视人才的态度与制度。正如骆家辉答奥巴马所说：这样的“美国梦”故事，也只有在美国才可能发生。 发达国家的“发达资本”主要是人才 新加坡建国之后，任何资源都没有，连饮用水都必须向邻居马来西亚买。但新加坡却依靠发掘人才资源--也就是所谓的“精英治国”战略而成为发达国家，本国人才不够优秀，就提供高薪、低税去引进海外人才。新加坡第一任总理李光耀曾概括说：“在这个时代，所有的发达国家为了增强竞争力，都必须依赖外来移民和人才，而美国之所以能在许多领域居于领先地位，就是因为它广纳人才。” 许多发展中国家如印度、巴西以“人多地少”作为国家无法成为发达国家的原因。但是，同样起步较晚，又非世界交通咽喉位置，面积不如中国云南省、而人口却达1.2亿、多火山地震又资源贫瘠的日本，各类人均自然资源指标比中国、印度都更为严峻，却依靠能揽全世界资源为己所用的人才战略，而成为了仅次于美国的世界第二大经济强国，人均收入曾一度高居世界第一。世界上先后有7名华裔获诺贝尔自然科学领域的奖项，其中4人是中国留学生出身，但没有1个人拥有中国籍。 如今，包括新加坡、澳大利亚、加拿大等国家在内都开始复制这种美国模式，包括塑造国家梦想吸引人才。专门负责海外猎取人才的“联系新加坡”主管David Tan就说：“我们出售梦想。我们的研究显示，新加坡以世界一流的效率而闻名。因此，我们需要出售软实力--实现梦想的地方。”这三个20世纪才开始独立的国家，如今也都成为发达国家。 韩国为了对外国顶尖人才表现足够的诚意，这个过去反对双重国籍的国家决定最迟2011年允许外国顶尖人才(包括外籍韩裔人才)持有双重国籍。韩国《朝鲜日报》等媒体甚至认为与欧美竞争对手相比，这样的努力还不够：“要想成为人均收入达3万美元的发达国家，就要确保一人可以养活数万人的21世纪型人才。要最大程度地将他们吸引到韩国，仅提供奖励远远不够。我们应该进行全方位努力，改善商业和生活环境，建立能积极接受外国人并与其共存的宽容文化，打造有吸引力的韩国。” 几乎所有国家都意识到：获得外国的技术、专利、知识产权需要付出高额的费用，但是，获得外国掌握这些技术的人才却可能完全免费。即使人口再密集的国家的公民也能够感受到：太多普通外国人的入籍扎根，可能会让土地、公共资源、就业机会等更加紧张，但那些能够创造大量就业机会、提升国家竞争力的“超级人才”入籍，则只会让他们得到更多好处。 相比之下，中国对外来人才的态度还不足够开放，其消极影响也相当明显。一个来到中国投资的外国人曾被私下质疑说：为什么你们(外国人)来到中国都“入乡随俗”地学会了忽略环保、漠视劳工权益？即使再正规的跨国公司，似乎来到中国都把这里只当成一个只用来生产的“工地”？而在欧美国家就完全不同，即使没有法律规定和工会抗议，也会对自身有高标准要求？ 这个外国人回答说：“问题在于欧美的制度是希望外国人来赚钱的同时，也争取他们把赚到的钱留下。但要外国人把赚到的钱留下，赚钱时要像对自己的家园一样自觉爱护，就得保证这些有产业、资金以及才能的外国人能够在你这里入籍安家。中国不欢迎我们入籍安家，不欢迎我们成为‘自己人’；人不留下，赚的钱自然也不会留下；既然永远不可能成为家和归宿，那自然就是‘工地’，是中国的制度让我们外国人只想来赚钱。” 后来，这个老外又补充了几句：“其实中国这样很吃亏，外国人有才华或者有钱，就应该通过技术或投资移民的形式欢迎留下；如果对方不是高级人才也没有资金，则通过设置签证时间、申请绿卡和入籍门槛赶他们离开。对于国民来说，来抢我们就业机会的外国人全力排斥；如果能为我们创造成千上万就业机会(即投资移民)、拥有我们急需的先进技术(技术移民)的外国人才，就竭尽全力欢迎，这才叫务实。”本文原载于《新华日报》，并收录于《国际人才战略文集》。
2015年8月6日 -
【Global Times】China to recruit returnees into the government
China’s new leadership has attached greatest-ever importance to oversees returnees as the country deepens the reform of its political system and economic transformation. The Party is striving to put more trust in the overseas returnees and seeking more support and political participation from them. By bringing them into the administration and governance talent pool, in addition to scientific research and business sectors, the government hopes to add vigor to China’s social and economic development. Graduates prepare for a job fair in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Photo: CFP Recently, 50 top students returning from overseas studies were invited to attend a short course at the Central Institute of Socialism in Beijing to learn about the new policies on united front work and how to raise their ability to participate in government work. The event came just one month after Chinese President Xi Jinping said that overseas-educated Chinese, together with the prominent figures in new media and businessmen from the private sector, especially young entrepreneurs, will be the three major targets for the Party to build solidarity with. In his speech, Xi stressed that overseas-educated people will be a new focus for the united front work. China began to involve the Chinese with overseas educational background in the united front work in 2000. "The pledge made by Xi shows that the central leadership is attaching more importance to this group of people, a talent pool vital for the country’s globalization," said Wang Huiyao, vice president of the Western Returned Scholars Association and Chinese Overseas-Educated Scholars Association. Xi also remarked at a united front work meeting on May 20 that the central government encouraged the overseas-educated people to return to work and serve in various forms. "Before, they were mainly encouraged to work in scientific research and innovation fields. Now there’s a trend that administration and governance will be the rising fields to attract overseas-educated talents," Wang told the Global Times on Tuesday. An overseas returnee with a doctorate degree, Wang also directs the Center for China & Globalization, a Beijing-based think tank committed to addressing issues related to global exchanges of Chinese enterprises and talents. He suggested the government should take supporting measures, such as relaxing visa requirements for overseas Chinese and lifting restrictions on overseas-educated talents to enter the Party and government organs. Rising demand In a commentary on Xi’s united front work speech, the People’s Daily said that it’s becoming an urgent need for China to attract excellent overseas talents as it faces pressure from economic slowdown. "The overseas-educated Chinese are always highly educated with a broad perspective, which is conducive to bringing new vigor to Chinese economic development," the newspaper said. Wang said under the strategies of going out and globalization, China has a big shortage of international talents. "The implementation of the ’One Belt, One Road’ initiative and the operation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank will both need a large pool of well-educated people with multi-lingual ability and international visions," Wang said. During the seven-day seminar organized by the United Front Work Department (UFWD) of the Communist Party of China’s (CPC) Central Committee from June 28, 50 scientists, scholars and entrepreneurs from scientific education, finance, healthcare, biological pharmacy and new energy fields listened to reports, held discussions and conducted community service. Among the attendees, whose average age is 46, 35 have obtained doctoral degrees, 28 are enterprise chairman or president, and 14 are managers or academic leaders in higher learning institutes, according to a report by the Beijing Youth Daily. Qi Xuchun, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, gave a speech on how to raise political participation ability. He told the attendees to go to grass-roots level to learn about the real situation and know about the people. "I oppose some people who enjoy the fruits of reform and opening up while bad-mouthing the country. When you have a problem, you speak it out, but you must have a firm faith in your heart," Qi was cited as saying by the Beijing Youth Daily. The UFWD selected the attendees based on a number of criteria including political stance, professional background and public recognition, said the report. This is the second seminar organized by the UFWD for returned overseas scholars. The department said the event will be held annually in future. Wang, who attended the seminar last year, said the seminar not only displays the government’s attention to this group of people, but also provides a good opportunity to exchange ideas and discuss problems. "Refresher course is a distinctive mode of cadre training in China. The inclusion of overseas scholars into this system shows that the government is attaching more importance to them," Wang said. Lingering suspicions Official figures show that by the end of 2014, the number of Chinese students who have studied overseas reached 3.52 million since the reform and opening-up, among which 1.81 million have returned to China. But most of the returnees joined foreign-owned or private enterprises and universities. Few of them have entered into the Party and government bodies. According to data compiled by the Southern Weekly last year, among 169 officials at ministerial level or above, only 31 have studied overseas and 15 have obtained overseas certificates or degrees. Employers’ concerns over political orientation of and information breach by overseas returnees are allegedly among the factors that prevent the entry of these talents into the Party or the government. Some intellectuals with overseas education background have been openly accused by the Party-controlled media of "smearing China." An official from the Organization Department of the Jiangxi CPC Central Committee said they have staff members with overseas education, but most are transferred from universities’ leadership posts. "We encourage overseas returnees to join higher education institutes or scientific research companies, but how should we encourage them to join government organs?" the anonymous official was cited as saying by the Southern Weekly in a report last April. LU Miao (pseudonym), a student from Renmin University of China, planned to join a master’s course on national conflict overseas and work in a committee on minorities after returning to China. But his wish was quenched when his dean told him that it was difficult for an overseas returnee to work in an organ concerning State security, reported the newspaper. Wang suggested that restrictions on overseas returnees to work in Party and government organs and public institutions should be further relaxed. "We should expand avenues for overseas scholars to make proposals and participate in the policy-making process, helping them play a bigger role in politics," Wang noted. Zhao Jinliang, a senior project manager with Chengtong Human Resources Company, which is engaged in job placement for overseas returnees, told the Global Times that China has opened nearly all occupations to them, except the departments dealing with confidential information. Huang believes there are historical reasons behind the cautious attitude toward overseas returnees. In 1981, China officially implemented regulations allowing students to study abroad at their own expense and stipulated that "self-funded returnees shall be politically treated as equal to the public-funded ones." Before that, China mainly sent political and technical elites to study overseas at public expense through recommendations and selection. However, many of these elites didn’t return, especially around the year 1989. By the beginning of the 21st century, the number of self-funded students greatly surpassed those receiving State funding. From 1978 to 2000, among the total 223,000 people who studied abroad, 71 percent were supported by the State. But in 2000, 83 percent were self-funded. Last year, the proportion reached 93 percent. But the majority of these students chose to stay overseas. To attract the talents back, China has launched a series of programs, including the "Thousand Talents Program" in 2008 and "Ten Thousand Talents Program" in 2012, offering generous remunerations in terms of salary, housing and household registration, or hukou. But still, many of these nominees are in scientific research and teaching fields. The limited channels for overseas returnees to become civil servants are the major barrier, Wang Huiyao said. Now, the main channel to be a civil servant is to sit in the annual examinations held by the central and lower level governments. In many cases, the entry qualifications include membership of the Party which overseas returnees generally don’t have. Wang suggested that the organizers should set up examination centers in foreign countries and increase recruitment channels for overseas returnees. Fresh measures Xiao Han, an overseas returnee who established Lanshan Group, a private equity fund offering investment in social areas, said the overseas experience helps students become more patriotic and more competitive. "As an expat in a foreign country, we have a strong desire for the homeland to become powerful," he told the Global Times. He said the returned scholars have several advantages compared with their home-grown peers. "They are willing to make change; they are aware of both Chinese and foreign culture and know how to blend and avoid conflicts; and can introduce good things to China and good things of China to outside. In addition, they usually have a higher sense of social responsibility," Xiao said. Zhao Leji, head of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, called for greater trust in overseas returnees during a meeting of the "Thousand Talents Program" in March. "When introducing high-level overseas talents, who have special advantages, we should trust them and make best use of them," Zhao said. Xiao Han said he noticed that the number of returnees has been rising in recent years. Official statistics show that last year, 459,800 students went to study abroad and 364,800 returned, much more than before. Many students are pleased to see that overseas returnees get more importance. Ren Yue, who went to St. Petersburg State University of Economics and Finance in Russia last year, told the Global Times, "There’s a perception that many students who go overseas for education are not good performers. Now we feel that this perception is changing," Ren told the Global Times. However, Huang Hongyu, an IT engineer in Australia who stayed back after overseas study there, said he hoped the slogans are turned into more specific measures to help returnees get employed. Wang said the top-down approach can push the local authorities to take action. He said "green card" policies China recently issued are one of the attempts to allow overseas Chinese to stay in China. The Ministry of Public Security in June decided to open applications for permanent residence to foreigners working in a number of institutes including State key laboratories, State enterprise technology centers, national engineering research centers, and foreign-invested R&D centers. At an entrepreneurship forum for overseas returnees held this week in Guiyang, Guizhou Province, Guizhou offered more than 500 jobs for overseas returnees, with the capital city Guiyang alone offering 380 jobs, including 100 in public institutions like schools and hospitals, 17 in the government, and 42 in State-owned companies. Zhao Jinliang who joined the meeting said the local governments are answering the call from the central government. Ma Chen contributed to this story Newspaper headline: Talents return for Party From China Daily, July 29, 2015
2015年8月6日 -
【和讯智库访谈】苗绿：中国应推出资深海归计划
近日，中国与全球化智库的执行秘书长苗绿博士做客《和讯座谈会》栏目，对中国与全球化智库的发展设想、中国社会智库格局、中国绿卡制度与人才国际化 等话题进行了剖析。针对中国人才引进制度存在的问题，苗绿博士指出，中国应推出资深海归计划，并应首先从海外6000万华人华侨群体中引进高端人才，这是 任何一个国家都不具备的资源优势。 中国外籍人才引进制度中经常受到诟病的因素就是绿卡制度，有一种说法说中国的绿卡是世界上最难拿的。对此，苗绿博士认为，2004年开始到2014年，中国只发了6000张绿卡，但美国每 年发放差不多100万张，其中有20万都是给人才的，即人才签证。她指出，中国吸引海外人才应首先从华人华侨开始，中国在海外友6000万华人华侨，这是 任何一个国家都不具备的优势。这个群体中的很多人在家庭里是受华人教育的，天然跟中国有一些联系，在中国企业走出去的进程中，他们对当地非常了解，跨国公 司都可以用他们，这是一个很好地为中国服务的方式。 在人才引进的具体操作层面上，苗绿指出，中国政府应开放引高端人才的类别，中国此前吸引人才必须是副教授以上的职称的人，现在总共有六个机构， 比如科学院、企业研究中心和研究所等机构，现在多了一个类别是跨国公司的研究所，比如微软研究所可以开放他们的外籍人才在中国申请绿卡。像中国的华为、中兴等跨国企业也一样需要大量的国际化的人才。绿卡就是留住人的一种方式，应开放更多类别给高端人才。 此外，苗绿还提出中国应推出资深海归计划，因为像海外很多年纪比较大的海归，其实什么都有，特别是有强大的技术优势，回来以后可以为中国服务。 他们很多在海外有社保，我们提供基本的福利就可以。中国应尝试给资深海归一些在流动上的壁垒安排，更多地激发他们对中国服务的热情。 苗绿现在担任中国与全球化智库的执行秘书长，同时也担任中国国际人才专业委员会副秘书长和北京师范大学国际写作中心的副总干事。苗绿博士在北京师范大学获 得当代中国研究的博士学位，曾经在美国哈佛大学、纽约大学等机构担任访问学者，并曾参与多项国家部委以及中国社科基金的研究课题，出版的专著包括《大国智 库》、《中国海归发展报告》以及《国际人才蓝皮书之中国留学发展报告》。本文选自和讯网，2015年7月30日
2015年8月6日 -
第十四届北邮工商管理新年论坛在京成功召开
MBA中国网 2015-01-13 15:24 MBA中国网讯 - 2015年1月11日，第十四届北京邮电大学工商管理新年论坛在京成功召开，正值北京邮电大学60周年，该论坛以"智慧经济新图景"为主题，不仅聚焦在最为热点和前沿的话题，也汇聚了国内顶级的政商学界知名人士。国务院发展研究中心副主任张军扩、全国人大预算工作委员会调研室主任朱明春、工信部电子信息司副司长安筱鹏、北京邮电大学学术委员会主任张英海、北京邮电大学校长助理吕廷杰、阿里巴巴集团高级副总裁梁春晓，广发证券首席经济学家、中国社会科学院教授刘煜辉、北京邮电大学管理学院执行院长金永生等分别发表演讲。 在该论坛上，北京邮电大学学术委员会主任张英海表示，在中国经济处于增速放缓、结构调整的时期，探讨智慧经济的未来，意义重大。北京邮电大学管理学院执行院长金永生也表示，北京邮电大学经济管理学院一直关注互联网经济，如何解读新常态下的智慧经济？怎样看待互联网趋势？如何勾勒出智慧经济新的图景，都是本届新年论坛讨论的主题。 会上，国务院发展研究中心副主任张军扩勾勒出新常态下经济增长中长期的趋势。他提出两点看法，一是要正确认识新常态下增长潜力，虽然会减缓，但不会低到发达国家的低速状态；其次，经济新常态要有新状态，增长潜力的释放需要努力争取，积极寻找新的动力源。全国人大财经委调研室主任朱明春也明确指出，中国经济进入新常态，高速增长成为过去，旧模式回不去了。新的市场环境和机遇正在到来，日新月异。阿里巴巴、小米、京东等都有核心创意和创新，成为时代新贵。最核心的事情，就是发展模式的转变，技术创新和智慧经济会起到非常重要的作用。 在谈到互联网金融和去电信化时，电信专家、北京邮电大学校长助理吕廷杰认为，简单以移动互联网就是把互联网的业务直接搬到手机上，这是错误的。电信产业生态将会发生重大的变化，他举了一个很形象了例子，"中国的运营商修了信息高速公路，有一家叫腾讯的物流公司，有一个叫微信的大巴，车上有几亿用户，运营商怎么能向乘客收费呢？逻辑上应该是向腾讯收费。"他指出，在未来，网业分离将是要解决的问题。吕廷杰还特别提醒，在未来的互联网机会中，服务O2O将是无比巨大的商机，高尔夫球场也好、洗衣店也好，都可以利用互联网重新构架服务模式。 北京邮电大学经济管理学院阚凯力教授认为，真正的为消费者、为全社会服务的是互联网，随着智能手机、移动互联网的普及，电信网络已经从国民经济的基础设置沦落为互联网的基础设施。所以，"电信运营商应该成为像自来水公司一样，成为公共设施，免费向公共提供服务，应该从股票市场中退出，禁止盈利。" 阿里巴巴集团高级副总裁梁春晓从企业运营角度，深刻剖析了信息社会十大浪潮，信息技术的指数增长浪潮远远超出想象，云网端成为新基础设施，平台经济主导新商业生态，大数据潜力加速释放，大众创新不断涌现，大规模协作走向主流，互联网经济体崛起，互联网跨界渗透，跨境经济重塑全球贸易格局，信息空间主导权争夺愈演愈烈，热忱地表示智慧经济大势已至，提出了中国互联网将为全球经济服务的美好未来。 广发证券首席经济学家刘煜辉，针对互联网金融的强劲发展，发表了捍卫金融的演讲，他指出，互联网金融三种主要模式：支付宝、余额宝和P2P分别对应传统的票号、钱庄和融资，并没有从根本上改变传统金融的本质。互联网金融的快速发展，源于160万亿银行体系只满足20%金融需求的现实，是整个金融体制和机制落后和低效率低下的必然形为。互联网金融唤醒了银行。未来的互联网金融发展形态将呈现多元化，一是形成俱乐部，其次构建征信平台，最后是普惠金融，不是每个人都得到服务，而在于获得恰如其分的金融服务。 工信部电子信息司副司长安筱鹏则阐述了《泛在连接重构竞争规则：从产品的IT化规则的IT化》指出，智慧经济重大变革是竞争规则带来传统电信行业特征。工业4.0、产业互联网的核心是产品、机器和人的互联。产业竞争的制高点是要掌握产业生态系统的主导权。智能制造是系统的系统。介绍了美国、德国等抢占主导权的情况。技术的引领者，标准的制订者，生态的构建者，数据的拥有者才能成为主导者。 北京邮电大学管理学院执行院长金永生分析了移动互联网消费四大趋势：互联网一代85、90后成为消费主导，消费者进化趋于完成，得入口者得天下，基于全球化、大数据的消费模式形成。在金永生主持的"智慧经济新图景"的高峰对话上，吕廷杰、刘征宇、朱明春、梁春晓围绕智慧产业展开热烈讨论，万物互联、大数据应用成为未来趋势，个性化需求导向生产，进入服务经济，嘉宾还就在场观众提出相关问题发表见解，犀利的观点和真知灼见激荡出思想交流的火花。 北京邮电大学经济管理学院副院长杨学成向记者表示，智慧经济是新一轮技术革命和产业变革的突破口，国内外的发展非常迅猛。北邮作为IT通信领域的名校，一直紧跟产业变化和趋势，在不断向企业输送人才的同时，也将研究成果向社会转化，"我们希望通过北邮工商管理新年论坛这个平台，联合业界的资深专家和企业家，一起探讨和把握产业的趋势和脉搏，能够对产业变革和企业创新，提供一些有价值的建议和启发，共同推动产业升级和转型。"杨学成说道。 高峰论坛后举行了北京邮电大学与北京易华录公司的创新基地战略合作仪式，经济管理学院执行院长金永生和党委书记罗红，与易华录公司高级副总裁张国力，副总裁李华，共同参与并见证了揭牌仪式。 下午新年论坛第一场专题论坛是关于"智慧经济"， 北京邮电大学经济管理学院教授孙启明担任本环节主持人，南京邮电大学管理学院院长 殷群教授，3W咖啡创始人、拉勾网创始人马德龙先生，小辣椒手机创始人、深圳语信时代董事长王晓雁先生，广州科天智慧云信息科技有限公司总经理刘征宇先生在本环节中畅所欲言，分别从电信、IT技术、管理、战略和运营等多个方面各抒己见， 一致认同这是具有革命性颠覆的新经济形态。 接下来的专题论坛是关于"智慧城市"，由北京邮电大学经济管理学院吕亮副教授主持本环节，重庆邮电大学经济管理学院院长万晓榆教授，易华录高级副总裁张国力先生，（达沃斯）巅峰智业集团首席顾问刘锋先生和北京中天创域投资咨询有限公司创始人、CEO刘敏女士就智慧城市话题阐述了各自的观点和对未来智慧城市的畅想，智慧经济并不只是由企业做出一个科技产品，而是将众多产品从交通、医疗、商务、教育、娱乐、社区、养老等各领域，渗透进人们生活的方方面面，最终凝聚成智慧城市。 最后一个专题论坛是由北京邮电大学张永泽副教授主持的"工业4.0"，工业4.0现在已经引起社会强烈关注，所带来的经济增长、社会变革和未来趋势，成为每个人关心的话题。西安邮电大学经济管理学院院长张鸿教授，中国社会科学院管理科学与创新发展研究中心副主任王钦教授，广州高峰科技集团总裁袁闻峰先生，德国电信国际咨询公司副总裁许可先生分享了各自对"工业 4.0"时代到来的预想。 接下来是新年论坛的一个传统环节-北邮经管院"专业项目教育优秀校友"颁奖仪式。罗红书记宣读"专业项目教育优秀校友"名单，金永生院长、罗红书记、宁连举副院长、许林杰副书记为十佳优秀校友颁奖。 最后的压轴环节是北京邮电大学与香港卫视的战略合作仪式，金永生院长、香港卫视国际传媒集团董事局主席助理、创新栏目中心总监宋思轩上台签字并达成合作。香港卫视以"中国元素，国际表达""传播中华文化，倾听世界声音""新人文主义"三大特色，成为新兴传媒集团，以多频道传输、多语种覆盖、多媒体互动、多文化交融、多地区联动之现代传媒科技手段，跳出媒体做媒体、形成了多元发展文化产业的全新模式。
2015年8月5日
