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【南方日报】珠海再现“海归”创新创业热
前不久,从美国迈阿密大学商学院毕业的关舒娓，最终还是回到了珠海就业。做出这个决定之前，她考察了武汉、深圳等城市，老家珠海越来越好的创业氛围，让她吃下“定心丸”。 另一名“海归”周晓蕾时不时在朋友圈分享自己创业点滴，即使加班到凌晨，都乐此不疲。不到一年时间，她扛鼎打造的“乐士文化区”如今已成为珠海文化创意产业的“后起之秀”。 如关舒娓、周晓蕾这样的“海归”，正在成为珠海重要的“双创”力量，为珠海的产业转型、实体经济发展带来新的资源要素。 日前，由全球化智库（CCG）与智联招聘联合发布的《2017中国海归就业创业调查报告》（下称《报告》）显示，珠海等二线特色城市快速崛起，对“海归”人才创新创业的吸引力逐渐增强。 记者了解到，得益于创新创业以及人才系列政策的出台，珠海的创业就业环境与氛围日渐完善，“海归”创新创业热再次在珠海兴起，全市“海归”数量处于历史最高水平，并且增长加快，“海归”创业成为产业版图的重要力量。 约7000名“海归”扎根珠海 挂着“Eight Sisters”招牌的咖啡馆，在香洲双竹街显得别具一格。远看以为只是一家设计新颖的咖啡馆，实际它是由德国归国博士王丽哲与丈夫在珠海打造的食品安全与质量控制示范工场。 “我以前没想到过自己会来到珠海创业。”2013年前，王丽哲与珠海并无交集。2006年在爱尔兰国立考克大学获得食品科学与技术博士学位后，王丽哲一直在德国做食品科学研究，年仅38岁已是卢森堡国家研究中心永久职位的项目主任、博士生导师。 但一次偶然的珠海之行，让她的人生之路展示出新的风景。 此前，德国专家团队希望在中国选择一个地方建示范食品基地，来推广相关技术标准，并进行项目落地。王丽哲便与其他德国专家回到中国，一年多时间走了20多个省市。直至2014年，考察接近尾声，依然没有找到合适的城市。珠海原本不在此次考察之列，在朋友的推荐下，王丽哲和专家团队来到珠海。 “从硬件和水质等部分指标来说，当时珠海也并不是特别合适。”就在王丽哲较为遗憾地回到德国后，珠海人社部门的越洋电话打了过来，希望她能在珠海实现梦想。经过多次沟通，王丽哲夫妇最终决定把项目落户珠海，“珠海对人才的尊重打动了我”。 去年12月，王丽哲夫妇打造的示范工程正式启用，采用“前店后场”形式，前店用于为市民提供“没秘密的食品”，后场则推行双轨培训和公益培训。目前已有100多个食品安全专业大学生来到工场实习，不到一年时间里，示范工场已为数千市民和近百儿童开展了食品安全公益讲座。未来，王丽哲将以珠海样板，在全国建设50到100家食品示范工场，为珠海建设食品安全城市贡献力量。 以周晓蕾所在的乐士文化区为例，其之所以创办，就是一群“海归”头脑风暴的结果，而这些“海归”又同时经营着其他项目。 全球化智库研究发现，近年来,我国形成1949年以来最大规模留学人才“归国潮”。2016年，我国出国留学人员总数突破54万，较2012年增长14.49万人，增幅达36.26%；留学回国人员总数为43.25万人，较2012年增长15.96万人，增幅为58.48%。 在这个趋势之下，毗邻港澳的珠海，通过不断完善政策体系和创新创业环境，也迎来新一轮的留学生归国热。 “目前，珠海登记在册的‘海归’有7000人左右，是珠海历史上数量最多的，并且增长速度逐渐在加快。”珠海市人才资源与就业服务中心主任王旭表示，这些“海归”大部分是硕士学位，主要来源于美国、英国、意大利、日本以及港澳等国家和地区的大学。 《报告》分析指出，当前留学生回国创业所在地域呈现“一线城市为主导，二线特色城市快速崛起”的基本特征和趋势。珠海立足经济转型升级需要，集中资源培育壮大软件和集成电路产业、生物医药产业并实现集群发展，使得珠海在这些智力密集型产业方面，吸引了大批“海归”的到来。 产业版图形成“海归板块” 100多年前，珠海南屏人容闳就负笈美国，学成之后毅然归国报效祖国，被誉为“中国留学生之父”，珠海也被誉为“留学文化发源地”。 “从历史阶段来看，特区成立到90年代末，得益于改革开放和特区政策，‘海归’主要被政府、国企等部门吸纳；从本世纪初到2008年，来到珠海的‘海归’则主要聚焦在高新技术领域，并逐渐成为珠海各自行业领域的领头羊，甚至是全国、全球细分市场领域的佼佼者；而到现在，‘海归’在珠海从事的行业领域越来越广泛，创办的企业成长非常迅速，呈现出与以往‘海归’企业不一样的气象。”王旭说。 记者梳理发现，颜军、王兴龙、崔岩、张云飞、田丰等一大批“海归”先后扎根珠海，创造了一批优秀创新企业，成为珠海当今产业发展与技术创新格局的重要力量，锻造出珠海经济版图中特色鲜明的“海归经济”。 “海归”颜军回国发展后，最终在珠海创办了欧比特（珠海）软件工程有限公司（欧比特前身）。经过多年的发展，珠海欧比特公司目前已发展成为国内民用航空航天宇航SOC/SIP芯片市场的龙头企业，颜军主导的“卫星空间信息平台”及“微纳/芯片式卫星及大数据”等重大项目对我国多个行业的全面发展和产业化有重大推动作用，现在正在掘金卫星大数据万亿级的广阔市场。 下一步，欧比特将在全国建设6个地面系统接收服务站点，并在珠海配套建设欧比特卫星大数据产业园和卫星大数据产业孵化中心，助力卫星大数据产业发展。其中，孵化中心计划引进和孵化一大批相关行业的创新型企业及团队。 同样是一次偶然的考察之旅，因被珠海的人才服务所打动，毕业于德国知名大学的博士崔岩最终把自己归国的第一个项目落子珠海。 2013年，他创办了珠海市四维时代网络科技有限公司。凭借原有的技术积累，公司成立伊始，就已经是国内三维建模及3D虚拟展示领域的领先企业。公司研发的全自动超高精度三维数字化平台4Dweb，是目前世界上最好的三维数字化技术平台之一。 如今，崔岩团队将与德国人工智能研究中心合作开发下一代机器视觉和人工智能技术的产业应用。这意味着在全球人工智能发展版图上，珠海必将占有一席之地。 “人才流动是全球化的重要组成部分，全球化所需人才的流动也正在加快步伐。”欧美同学会副会长、全球化智库（CCG）理事长王辉耀表示，“海归”人才为珠海带来了高端的创新资源与发展要素。 他认为，留学人员在专业技术、创新创业、国际视野等方面具有独特和先进的优势，海归人才在珠海的加快聚集，能帮助珠海企业更好“走出去”“引进来”，充当企业与国外企业合作的桥梁，为珠海集聚全球高端资源和要素，有力推动珠海建设粤港澳大湾区创新高地和“一带一路”建设支点。 现行人才政策体系将优化升级 根据全球化智库（CCG）与智联招聘的调查发现，看好国内发展前景、努力实现自身价值是留学人员回国创业的主要动因。海归选择创业城市的理由中，经济发展、人脉关系、环境舒适、文化多元包容性强、公共资源集中五类原因排名靠前；其次则是产业基础、配套设施、人才政策、房价等生活成本。 “珠海之所以能吸引到越来越多的海归人才，因为经济显示出较好的增长态势，加上越来越好的政策以及相对舒适的工作环境。”中国与全球化智库秘书长苗绿认为，珠海市近两年来坚持创新驱动和开放引领两大战略，大力发展实体经济，着力打造粤港澳大湾区创新高地、建设“一带一路”建设支点，一系列的部署提升了珠海对高端人才的吸引力。 “千人计划”专家韩永飞在横琴创办的企业，注册还不到半年，就已拿到逾亿元的海外合同订单。“公司从递表申请到拿到工商登记执照，仅仅花了1个星期，这种服务质量非常棒。”韩永飞说。 便利的营商环境、优惠的人才政策以及良好区位优势为珠海增添新的引力。据了解，近年来珠海围绕人才立法顶层设计和产业发展定位，陆续制定出台了20多项鼓励海内外高层次人才创新创业、引进和培养高技能人才、支持海外留学人员回国创业等系列政策。 与此同时，为吸引更多留学人员前来珠海创新创业，去年还修订出台了《珠海市留学人员创业资助资金管理办法》，进一步提高了留学人员创业初期费用补贴标准和贷款贴息标准。截至目前，已给予20家留学人员企业累计775万元。 更多的好消息即将到来。珠海将优化升级现行人才政策体系，提升产业人才政策的开放度、覆盖面和科学性，健全多层次多领域人才支持政策，优化人才创新创业科技金融支撑体系，建设完善的人才综合服务体系，打造具有区域竞争力的人才比较优势，吸引更多的海归人才前来珠海创新创业，为服务创新驱动发展战略提供有力人才支撑。文章选自《南方日报》，2017年9月28日
2017年9月30日 -
【侨报网】中国已推三类“华裔卡”政策 多数海外华人不知道
海外华人源于海外华人对畅通归国途径的强烈需求，海内外对“华裔卡”的关注热度一直居高不下。近日，一份中国智库的人才战略报告在北京发布，报告除再次肯定海外华人对中国人才战略的意义之外，还强调了中国政府已推出三种类似“华裔卡”的政策，但是大多数海外华人并不知晓这一情况。当下，如何降低海外人才留华的制度门槛是中国海外招才引智的当务之急，就此，包括全国政协委员潘庆林在内的大陆政界人士建议——“我们应该以邻居为镜子，向印度等国取经，学习他们如何招纳海外华人人才。”智库报告再提“华裔卡”政策 近日，全球化智库（CCG）发布了区域人才蓝皮书《中国区域国际人才竞争力报告（2017）》。CCG承担了多项中国政府的研究课题，跟官方联系紧密，也是大陆为数不多的一直提倡政府应该出台“华裔卡”政策的智库机构。 CCG主导的此次人才报告再次提及了海外华人关注的“华裔卡”问题。报告称，在中国改革开放的过程中，海外华人群体发挥了不可替代的作用，而今，他们作为世界上最大的移民群体，依然有巨大的智力资源可以挖掘。在海外人才的引进过程中，海外华人群体具有特色地位。目前海外华人华侨的数量高达6000多万，其中专业人士群体接近400万人左右，行业分布以教育、金融、高新技术等为主，这些专业人士是中国在海外庞大的人才库，是中国海外招才引智的潜在重点对象。 目前，作为世界第二大经济体，中国已不再满足于国内13亿人的智慧，而是将目光投向全球。因此，降低海外人才留华的制度门槛，是当务之急。CCG称，华人华侨是中国引智工程的核心和重要载体。以最具创新活力的地理坐标北京中关村为例，截止2014年底，中关村国际人才数量比例仅仅为0.56%，并且吸引的外国人才中，吸纳最多的是仍然是海外华人华侨，这一占比达到了惊人的74.86%。 《侨报》记者也曾采访多个侨领和海外华人群体，海外华人群体对畅通归国途径的需求十分强烈。多个机构、团体，甚至个人都一直积极奔走建议。CCG报告比对了全球多个国家的国际人才战略后，倡议中国也要降低海外华人归国的门槛。 比如，印度就推出“印度裔”（PIO）计划以及“印度海外公民证”（OCI）计划。根据印度官方数据，仅在2010年，印度就发放了400万张“海外印度公民证”和700万张“印度裔卡”，极大地促进了海外印度人才的回流与环流。另外，欧盟也出台了蓝卡计划，与美国的绿卡制度相抗衡，目的在于大量吸引欧洲技术移民回欧工作；韩国于2012年1月1日正式承认双重国籍，试图吸引海外的韩国裔人才回国工作。 “印度发了印度裔卡，四代印度裔都可以随时回到印度不用办签证，这很方便。”CCG主任、国际人才蓝皮书主编王辉耀解读报告时表示，现在世界都在抢人才，中国也应该把全球优秀人才吸引过来，比如建立类似印度的“华裔卡”制度，让华人华侨随时能回流环流，给他们一个畅通的渠道，设立包括海外华人在内的“人才银行”，让国家能随时随地从“人才银行”中取才。中国已推三种类“华裔卡”政策 CCG智库主任王辉耀接受《侨报》记者专访时透露，今年8月，在发布人才报告之前，他刚刚出席了有国侨办和公安部等领导参与的一个内部研讨会。在会上，相关中国政府官员表示，目前限制“华裔卡”推行的原因十分复杂，但实际上类“华裔卡”部分政策已经在实施了，其政策主要包含三个部分： 第一，在全国范围内，海外华人一旦回到中国，只要有亲戚在，就可以给3年的居留签证，这相当于是一个3年的小华裔卡。该政策在中国都通行，海外华人可以随时向中国公安部致电咨询；第二，在侨乡广东推出了16条相关政策，原籍广东的华人可以给5年的往返居留签证；第三，在北京中关村，只要回来的华人是博士学历，以及其它符合中关村人才标准的华人，就可以拿到中国绿卡，而且除北京外，上海也有类似政策规定。 显然，“华裔卡”政策出台背景是指在中国绿卡的基础上降低门槛，设置更加灵活务实的申请条件，以加大吸引海外人才的力度。王辉耀提到的三点政策其实是对中国新一轮“绿卡”制度改革中，适用于海外华人部分的梳理。 从2015年开始，上海、北京、广州、福建也开始了新一轮“绿卡”制度改革，如北京中关村示范区出入境20条、上海科创中心出入境政策“新十条”、广东自贸区16项出入境措施等。其他省市如天津、辽宁、浙江、湖北等地的自贸区及全面创新改革示范区，也就京、沪、粤试点经验进行推广复制。其中，外籍华人获得专属条款，为其归国创新创业提供了突破性的出入境和永久居留便利。如北京、上海对具有博士学历的外籍华人提供永久居留渠道，广东对广东籍外籍华人提供5年多次出入境签证等。 “听公安部的人讲，现在华人回来，只要有亲戚在国内，就可以到公安部去，自动给3年居留签证。现在的‘华裔卡’政策如果有10年，就可能有20年，以后还会争取，但是现阶段起码有3年居留期，华人华侨多次往返已经没有什么问题，这是国内很新的政策，海外华人很多不知道。”王辉耀说。 “叫什么名字没有关系，不管是华裔卡、绿卡，还是签证等，核心都是一样的，只要功能相似，海外华人就可以享受中国的国民待遇。”针对“华裔卡”争议，王辉耀还指出，现在已实施部分类“华裔卡”政策，他希望该政策能不断扩大和普惠。比如说3年时效是不是能够延长到5年，5年往返居留签证可以延长到10年，如果博士能拿，是不是硕士学历的人也能拿等......类“华裔卡”政策一直在推进 “现有的三种政策算是‘小华裔卡’功能，很多海外华人不知道而已。”王辉耀一再强调，大陆的“华裔卡”政策有一个逐步开放的过程，慢慢就有了海外华人希望的“华裔卡”，以后它的名字可能不叫“华裔卡”，但是功能却是一样的。 源于海外华人对畅通归国途径的强烈需求，海内外对“华裔卡”的关注度一直居高不下。早在2012年，美国华人全国委员会，以及其他136家海外华人团体曾联名呼吁全国人大和政协，把“发放”海外华人身份证”一事纳入了两会议程，并尽快实施。 彼时，受到热议的“华裔卡”不同于中国国籍，该卡的持有者没有中国国籍，没有选举和被选举的政治权利，但能够享有普通中国公民所享有的其他权益，如投资、购房、开立银行账户、申请驾照、子女入学等。 2015年11月底，中关村管委会主任郭洪曾表示，中关村将开展外籍人才管理先行先试，试点展开移民入籍、华裔卡、外籍人员临时身份证等制度。这一消息随即引发媒体关注。 不过，中关村方面很快对上述报道作了进一步阐释。2016年，中关村管委会接受《侨报》采访时强调，尽管“华裔卡”对于华侨华人而言是众望所归，但该政策仅是中关村向中央提出的一个建议，目前仍在调研阶段，是否可行有待国务院、公安部、外交部等中央机关的批准。 2016年3月的中国“两会”期间，国务院侨务办公室主任裘援平接受《侨报》记者采访时也强调，大陆现在没考虑出台“华裔卡”，但已经颁布多项政策回应外籍华人的诉求，扩大了家庭团聚类的申请长期和永久居留的类型，并且为长期在华工作，在华投资和有突出贡献的外籍高层次人才提供长期和永久居留的更便利条件。 同样是2016的两会上，全国政协委员潘庆林提出了《关于给海外华人签发“外籍华人身份证”的提案》。提案称，面对海外华人持续增加的回国需求，在不涉及“双重国籍”问题下，对海外华人签发“外籍华人身份证”，即是给海外华人发放不具有国籍性质的身份证明，方便其回国交流。 近日，潘庆林接受《侨报》采访时透露，该提案还建议“华裔卡”分三步走：首先，全国政协外事委员会对此问题广泛征求海内外意见，进行专题调研和协商；其次，公安部、外交部和国侨办，中国侨联根据情况，联合拟定出更为具体和有针对性的方案和举措；再次，先由国务院颁发有关“外籍华人身份”的条例，再由全国人大起草并通过相关法律。 潘庆林表示，这份提案后来还得到政府部门的批复。目前，政府也推出了相关措施呼应这一提案，比如从2016年开始，北京正式实施的“面向中关村的10套特殊政策”中，专门提及了向外籍华人发放“中国绿卡”。 此外，潘庆林还强调，随着中国“一带一路”政策的推进，针对海外华人的人才战略布局还要提速。比如签发类“华裔卡”的相关政策，也有国外成功范例。比如，印度把海外印度人视为“不在印度居住的印度人”，给移居海外四代以内、50%以上血统的海外原印籍人士，发放海外印度公民身份证，持证回印度可终生免签，基本享受公民待遇，而印度实施“侨民证”后，海外印度人以各种形式回国效力，效果明显。文章选自侨报网，2017年9月28日
2017年9月30日 -
【CGTN】China- US social and cultural dialogue
【Video Watching】Stronger the tie between people-to-people exchange is the top agenda of the first China-US Social and Cultural Dialogue. It’s the cornerstone for China’s outreach strategy, building stronger ties with other countries through exchanges of ideas, such as issues of health, culture, innovation and security. This week Chinese Vice Premier Liu Yandong traveled to United States for the inaugural China-US Social and Cultural Dialogue.The Heat Studio invited Dr. Wang Huiyao, President of Center for China and Globalization (CCG), Travis Tanner, the President of the US-China Strong Foundation, Shirley Young, Chair of US-China Cultural Institute and Li Yinuo ,Director of China Office of Gates Foundation to share their opinions about the outcomes and challenges of cultural and social dialogue, especially the human capital exchange between two countries.From CNTN， Sep, 2017
2017年9月30日 -
【China Daily】Majority of college students want to start business
More than 60 percent of Chinese college students said they were interested in starting their own business, according to a survey released in Beijing on Tuesday.The study on entrepreneurship among Chinese college students was compiled by the Center for China and Globalization, which collected responses from 2,797 students at 100 colleges across the country.According to the survey, 24.56 percent of the respondents showed great enthusiasm for entrepreneurship and 40.58 percent said they were quite interested in going into business. A detailed look into the study showed that engineering students were the most enthusiastic, followed by students of economics, law, art, and medicine.A total of 70.4 percent of students saw entrepreneurship as a better way to achieve self-improvement and self-worth.Many hoped to start a business while they were still on campus - 47.48 percent - while, a third wanted to launch company after graduation.Due to the challenges of growing population, the high cost of living, business expenses and traffic congestion in first-tier cities, almost half would like to set up business in second-tier cities such as Chengdu, Wuhan and Nanjing, which also have fast-growing economies and improving infrastructure.Although students were positive about entrepreneurship, they were also aware of difficulties and problems.As many as 61.37 percent felt that lack of capital was the biggest challenge. Acquiring bank loan without enough credit or assets was cited as another challenge. Only 34 percent of students saw themselves as having the basic requirements for starting a business. Also, they said there was no specific government policy to support college entrepreneurs.The survey also revealed other perceived obstacles, including low awareness of entrepreneurship education among students, insufficient investment in such education by schools, lack of related courses, and so on.The survey collected suggestions on how to promote college entrepreneurship. More than 97 percent of students said they would benefit from education on starting a business. Coaching by experts and entrepreneurs was the way they would prefer to learn. More than half of the students said the introduction of relevant supportive policy was their primary demand from the government.From China Daily，2017-9-27
2017年9月29日 -
何亚非：全球化大趋势不会改变，因为没有人想退出去
世界正在发生翻天覆地的变化，有很多的不确定性，包括政府、经济、文化、文明等。这些不确定性，给我们经济的发展、外部环境，造成了很大的困难。 同时，时代也在发生变化，从旧时代向新时代发生转变，全球治理也在发生变化。全球治理正从西方一统天下到东西方共同治理发展，而方向是多元化的，世界是多极化的，经济是全球化的。 9月23日，原外交部副部长、原国务院侨务办公室副主任何亚非在第三届复旦首席经济学家论坛中以《全球变局下中国经济的新动力》为题发表了演讲何亚非，全球化智库（CCG）联席主席，中国外交部原副部长。 我想从国际大的趋势，从外交这个层面，给大家提供一个参考性。中国经济的新动力，我们要找到新动力，我觉得恐怕要对我们现在所生活的这个世界，有一个全面的新的认识，世界面临的变局是什么，我们面临的环境是什么，特别是大国关系的一些变化。 习近平总书记有一句话，我们从历史的纬度看，人类社会正处在一个大发展，大变革，大调整的时代。我认为现在世界正在发生翻天覆地的变化，有很多很强烈的不确定性，这些不确定性，包括政府，包括经济，包括文化，包括文明。这些不确定性，给我们经济的发展，外部环境，造成了很大的困难。 我们现在预测经济的发展，不仅仅是一个经济问题，还涉及方方面面的，各国所面临的众多问题组合起来的一个复杂的环境。那么这些巨大的变化，如果概括起来就是说现在国际秩序在发生转换。 我们讲时代发生变化，从旧时代向新时代发生变化，由此，全球治理也在发生变化。我写过一篇文章讲现在的时代，美国的世纪已经结束了，什么意思？就是说美国一统天下的局面已经不存在了，虽然他还有很强的主导能力，但是他想一统天下是不可能的。后面是一个什么世纪，现在还不好说，因为有很多不确定性。中国上升的势头很强，会不会是中国所面临的、领导的一个世纪，现在还不好说，还要看。 但是全球治理，或者国际秩序，确实从西方一统天下，向东西方共同治理天下的方向发展。方向是多元化的，世界是多极化的，经济是全球化的。我用了一个词，世界经济政治都进入了新常态，所谓新常态的“新”，就是变化很快，变化很大。常态就是讲这个转换期，会延续相当长的时间。我们面临的不确定性，不会很快消失。 现在的确定性，不确定性，有几个方面，一是来自力量格局的变化。国际货币基金组织，2017年，IMF的数据显示，用购买力平价来计算西方发达国家GDP的总和，占世界的总量，它的比例从1980年的64%，已经下降到现在的42%，有一个质的转变。前阶段，厦门金砖国家峰会，也说了，中国和其他金砖国家，对世界经济增长的贡献率，每年超过50%，也就是说新的经济增长，主要来自中国这些国家。这个力量的格局，带来了政治力量平衡的变化。 美国或者以美国为首的西方国家对这种情况，是不适应的。或者是不愿意接受，有一种战略上的焦虑。有一个说法，新兴大国的崛起，是不和平崛起，认为新兴大国跟守成大国，一定会发生冲突，这是美国新保守主义的观点。因为复旦大学翻译过海默的著作《大国政府的悲剧》，从他的书中可以看到很多观点。 大国之间关系的紧张，很大程度上，来源于世界力量格局的冲撞、变化。世界经济的变化，一个很重要的问题，并不是在复苏还是没有复苏，而是在于世界经济的下一步，发展方向在哪里。总书记讲的，新旧动能转换，新动能在什么地方，中国经济的新动力，世界经济的新动力在哪里？现在技术革命日新月异，信息化技术不断发展，但是我们还是没有找到一个颠覆性的可以推动世界经济进入新一轮发展这么一类技术。像互联网、汽车、蒸汽机，第四次工业革命究竟会产生什么样的结果？人工智能，生物技术，新能源都不好说，都要相互竞争。所以就产生了一个世界经济失去了一个方向，另外在发展理念上，发展理念过去的经济新自由主义，完全依靠市场，这两个市场不太平衡。这个问题也比较突出。 当然，中国从自身的经验出发，提供一些发展的新理念，这个新理念能不能为世界所接受，是个问题。 第二不确定性，经济上有很大的不确定性，美联储的举动，他们对世界经济的流向，会产生很大的影响。 第三个问题，许善达老师所讲的不赞成逆全球化的说法，但是现在也没有更好的说法。全球化大趋势不会改变，因为没有人想退出去，但是确实有一种反全球化的思潮，表现为民粹主义也好，在泛滥。这里的根本性问题，全球化它既给全球带来了财富增加，但同时，造成了资本收益要远远高于经济增长率。法国经济学家讲过，资本收益大于经济增长率的结果，财富向少数人集中，造成了贫富差距。 这就给社会动荡，社会阶层的分化提供了土壤，特朗普获胜，就是靠的这个。民粹主义上升。用我们现在的语言来说，市场效率与社会公平这对矛盾，光依靠市场是解决不了的，光依靠全球化本身也解决不了。还需要政府和社会主体包括大的企业，都要发挥作用，但是这个问题很难解决，最近西方很多文章讲，如何解决贫富差距问题，但是都没有很好的办法。 可能中国的实验，过去几十年，我们自身所做的努力，减贫、扶贫，这方面的努力，还有其他促进社会公平的措施，在全世界是很好的借鉴。因为反全球化这个民粹主义，现在已经影响了世界政治。因为它影响了一些主要发达国家的政治生态，它的政治，会极端化。政治权极端化，必然会产生贸易保护主义，反对移民，这些反全球化的措施，对经济是不利的。 我赞成最大的变数是美国这一说法，今后这一段时间，因为美国它是全球体系，国际体系，全球治理的设计者、主导者，现在依然是主导者。但是美国现在在变，为什么变？美国认为，全球化现在偏离了“美国化”的方向。因为美国人很早就说过，全球化是美国化，美国必须获取最大的利益。如果美国没有获取最大的利益，它就要修改规则。现在显然特朗普就是一个特殊的例子。你说这个人不靠谱，但是这方面他挺靠谱的，他说我要美国第一，就是说美国一定获取最大的利益。不管你原来有什么贸易协定也好，都要重新谈判。贸易原来是获利的，他就要从你这里获得更大的利益，哪怕短期的利益，哪怕中长期对美国不利，对世界不利，他也要干。同时，修改国际规则。气候变化他不干了，WTO他也不用了，这些对全球化会产生长远影响的措施，美国的这些思想，代表民粹主义的思想，如果在一定时期内占主导地位，那么对今后世界经济的影响是很大的，因为美国的政策，会受它的影响。 再一个我觉得中美关系，作为一个新兴大国和守成大国之间的这种战略性的矛盾，怎么解决？恐怕是我们今后一个时期需要十分关注的问题，因为他会影响，不仅是中美两国经济关系，特朗普上台以后，中美经济方面的对话，有成功，也有不成功的方面。我觉得这可能是中美两国还没有在战略层面上，或者说从文明的融合层面上，解决好两国对外战略的相互对接问题。 中美两国，现在美国的很多人认为，这两国不可能和平。但是现在美国有三个人，芝加哥大学的海默教授，还有一个亨廷顿，《文明冲突论》的作者，明确指出以美国主导的西方文明跟中国所代表的东方文明，是不可能大家都懂。因为双方都认为，这个文明是最优秀的。 美国有一句话，他建国的时候说，美国是山上的灯塔，是照亮世界、照亮别人的一个灯塔，他自认为是灯塔。所以他把世界的文明分为三六九等，由西方的文明延伸出来的政治制度，也属于最优秀的，所以它就要推广它的文明。只要跟他们的民主自由体系不相吻合，他就要反对，他就认为你是不循规蹈矩，不融入世界体系，它就要打击。它很明确，不管是颜色革命也好，或者是军事推翻，军事力量来介入，他什么都会干，因为他认为这是天经地义的，我的制度最好，我的文明最好，你为什么不接受？所以中美之间有一个哲学层面的问题需要解决。 文明一定会冲突吗？还是文明之间，可以融合，可以交流，可以相互借鉴？总书记提出来，文明之间要进行对话，“一带一路”里面特别强调的就是文明的对话，文明的相互借鉴，互鉴，这就提出了一个新的思想，人类命运共同体的建设。人类命运共同体的建设，我觉得它的基础就是文明的融合。如果文明之间相互都不包容，那么冲突是必然的，所有的政策随时都会发生变化，不管它是政治方面还是经济方面的。如果把对方作为一个需要压制的对手，它的政策，都会对两国关系，世界经济不利。 所以中美关系，将来我们需要特别关注，特朗普说今年要来访问，那么今年来访问，我觉得，这方面的沟通是非常重要的。两国从战略层面，从文明层面，如何解决这对矛盾，两国关系，在这么高的层次上怎么处理？很多人会讲，会讨论朝鲜半岛问题，因为朝鲜半岛问题比较紧急，双方要讨论好各自处理这个问题的方式。因为美国只重视朝鲜问题核的方面。其实朝鲜半岛问题，我一直认为，他是有三个方面的问题。一个是核问题，比如说朝鲜半岛，不能有核武器，这不仅仅指朝鲜，还有韩国，韩国不能有美国的战术和部署。 第二，地区安全问题，你要确保各个国家和地区，都要安全，朝鲜也有安全的需求，韩国也有，中国、日本，这些国家都有，地区安全怎么保证。不能因为朝鲜这个核问题，而产生地区安全的隐患，或者说爆发另一场战争，更是不能容许的。 第三，我觉得更大的问题因为围绕朝鲜半岛，大国之间的战略平衡不能打破。为什么中国、俄罗斯这么坚决反对在韩国部署“萨德”反导系统，因为他会削弱中国的核威慑能力，我们需要好的威慑能力，确保大国之间的平衡。这三个问题不能综合考虑，朝核问题不能得到解决。还有的人会想，特朗普访问，一定会谈经济问题，双方经济合作，怎么做进一步的调整，我们也需要适应美国新政府的这种状态，到底怎么办？经济上，可能不能沿着原有的轨道走，但是经济问题，我觉得总体上还是双方互有妥协。需要做交易的问题，政治上很难做交易，你要中国改变意识形态，不可能。你要中国从制度上，变成另外一个美国，也不可能。 所以中美之间，如何处理各自的关系，我们需要认真关注。对中国经济新动力在哪里的问题？除了我们在国内寻求解决办法，不论去杠杆也好，做其他事情也好，把自己事情做好，很重要，我觉得总书记也是非常重视的，就是要通过“一带一路”，通过金砖+新型的国际合作，去寻求我们新的经济增长动力。 因为这是一个全球化的时代，虽然我们外向型经济需要调整，但是中国经济不可能独立发展，它需要在全球化的条件下，与其他国家一起发展，中国提出来的方案，中国思想，中国方案，是大家共同发展。我们需要共同发展，不能让某一些国家，在全球化过程中掉队，不能允许一个国家掉队，全球化需要向普惠的方向发展，我们需要共同发展，那么“一带一路”是我们一个非常重要的，具有战略意义的倡议，它确实不是一个援助计划，新的马歇尔计划，也不是一个经济合作的一个方面，他是一个非常全面的，能够提升各国发展能力，各国相互文明，相互重合能力一个综合性的方案。 不仅能够解决经济问题，还能够为解决地缘政治的一些矛盾，创造条件。所以我觉得我们可能把我们的目光，除了从国内寻求新动力以外，还要把目光转为改革开放，更大范围的开放，融入全球化，从那里寻找我们经济发展的新动力。文章选自澎湃新闻网，2017年9月27日
2017年9月29日 -
NATURE：Young science in an old city
Beijing, ’northern capital’ in Mandarin, was so named by the third Ming emperor Zhu Di more than 600 years ago when he made it the centre of his empire.Today, the city is home to many of China’s most prestigious universities and state research institutes, including Peking University (PKU) and Tsinghua University, as well as a litany of institutes nested within the sprawling and Beijing-headquartered Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the world’s top-ranked scientific institution for high-quality output, according to the Nature Index.This city is also a formidable technology hub. In the northwestern Haidian district, the largest and most successful of China’s high-tech development parks — Zhongguancun — houses the head offices of technology powerhouses such as the search giant Baidu, the tech behemoth Lenovo and Xiaomi, the world’s fifth-largest smartphone maker.“Researchers, entrepreneurs and local officials have jointly fostered collaborative relationships between Beijing’s academic research organizations and commercial enterprises,” says Abigail Coplin at Yale University’s Council on East Asian Studies in New Haven, Connecticut, who researches Chinese science from a sociological perspective. Many of the early successful technology companies in the area were majority-owned by nearby universities and research institutions. These collaborations helped to develop Beijing’s scientific standing alongside its existing role as the Chinese capital. “Beijing is not just the seat of the central government. It is also the cultural capital and human capital hub of the country,” says Coplin.Dutch astrophysicist Richard de Grijs agrees. “Beijing is the gateway to China,” he says. He works at the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, which is based at PKU in Haidian. “Many scientists enter China through Beijing, so we tend to get a lot of visitors from abroad. That helps with our international visibility.”Box 1: Bright ideas: Credit where it’s dueDan Harris is a lawyer and founding member of Harris Bricken, a China-focused international law firm headquartered in Seattle, Washington. Harris, who runs the influential China Law Blog, says a big question for foreign researchers in China is over intellectual property, or: “Who owns what of the results of the research?”“Will the foreign researcher just work for salary and own nothing? Some percentage? Based on what?” he asks. “This is what they need to think about, and then if they want any part of the results, they need a China-specific contact to make sure they get it, or they will return to their home country empty-handed.”David Bennett is an intellectual-property counsellor for the Australian government, based at the nation’s Beijing embassy. He is the first such consultant to any country on behalf of Australia. According to Bennett, Chinese patent laws are rare in providing intellectual-property protection for employees. Although Chinese institutes generally own their employees’ inventions, unlike most countries they have a statutory obligation to compensate the inventor. “Chinese law provides that an employee is entitled to reasonable compensation for such an invention, usually a percentage of profit derived from a patent,” he says.“In this regard, China is one of the more inventor-friendly countries.”Striving for scientistsIn efforts to improve its research culture and scientific infrastructure — and to promote its international reputation — China has ramped up its bid to attract foreign scientists such as de Grijs over the past decade, with generous grants and other support. In January, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang hinted at additional measures the government is considering to foster foreign talent, including simplifying the immigration and visa process and strengthening intellectual-property protection.Chinese policymakers are building a unique science and technology ecosystem, according to Coplin. It’s “science and technology with Chinese characteristics”, she says — a confluence of initiatives aimed at increasing China’s technological independence, using innovation as an economic driver, and aligning this development with the government’s priorities.China hopes to grow by “bringing individuals with innovative ideas to China, and giving them the resources necessary to start labs and companies”, Coplin says. The nation’s headline policy in this regard is the Thousand Talents Plan. Initiated in 2008, it comprises cash incentives, government support and favourable visa treatment in an effort to recruit ’expert talents’ to China. The scheme will run up to 2021.Applicants to the scheme are divided into two streams — one for foreigners, and one for those with Chinese heritage. Successful applicants to either stream are entitled to a 1 million yuan (US$154,000) subsidy from the Chinese government and have access to a 3-million- to 5-million-yuan research grant.The way these policies have been implemented is “distinctively pragmatic”, says Coplin. The Thousand Talents Plan has short-term and long-term options available for returnees of Chinese ethnicity. These let them try out academic life in their home country, perhaps for a few months, before committing to a full return. “Although the practice is somewhat contentious, these programmes also enable some part-time returnees to simultaneously operate laboratories in two different countries, and thus essentially have research being conducted in their name 24 hours a day,” she says.But this treatment is not expected to last forever. As China’s science and technology ecosystem advances, and so becomes more attractive to overseas students, Coplin thinks future incentive programmes will require greater levels of commitment.A hard sellDespite these efforts, Beijing still does not always attract the foreign talent it hopes for. De Grijs, a popular figure in Beijing’s research community known for his science advocacy and outreach work, has made an interesting observation over years of trying to fill positions at his institute. “If you offer postdoc positions or fellowship positions to Chinese citizens, it’s almost 100% guaranteed that they’ll come here. If you offer them to people from Asia — and that’s India, Korea and other Asian countries — I think we had a success rate of 60–70%. And if you offer them to US or European scientists you might get 10% or 20%.”De Grijs often contributes English-language columns on science and policy to the Chinese government news portal China.org.cn, where he has both defended and criticized elements of China’s science sector. He says his writing has never been censored. In one January column, de Grijs analysed what he sees as the three challenges facing China’s foreign recruitment push.The first is a perception that China is an unattractive or intimidating place to live — “it still has this perception of not being very open”.The second is a concern that researchers may lose visibility in their field — China’s location, many hours’ travel from the world’s scientific centres in the United States and Europe, means that networking and establishing oneself in an international field can become a costly endeavour. “You have to work to not be forgotten by your peers,” says de Grijs. Publishing often and organizing local conferences is one option, he suggests.The third challenge is the relatively low international ranking of many Chinese universities, which de Grijs thinks dissuades senior scientists from taking permanent posts in the country. “Attracting senior foreign talent to long-term appointments will only succeed if they feel at home and respected in their new positions,” he wrote.“There is some Absolutely Excellent Science at the Top end.”Another worry for many researchers is the integrity of scientific research in China. Numerous scandals have damaged its reputation on the international stage. In April, the journalTumor Biology retracted 107 papers written by Chinese scientists after its publisher, Springer Nature, determined that fabricated reviews had been submitted to support those publications. (Springer Nature no longer publishes the journal; it does publish Nature, but Nature’s news and comment team is editorially independent of the publisher.) But de Grijs is exasperated by the Western perception that Chinese science is untrustworthy. “There’s a huge range — there is some absolutely excellent science at the top end, and there is a whole range of different gradations of quality.” And he adds that academic fraud is not a problem limited to China. “It’s international. China gets picked up because it’s a high-profile country. And yeah, there are certain practices that are unethical and that have to be worked on.”The Chinese government has launched various initiatives to combat academic fraud — and a new interpretation of China’s criminal code could, in extreme cases, see researchers who fake clinical data executed. De Grijs doesn’t agree with the use of the death penalty, “but I think it’s good that fraudulent practices are being addressed”.Success in the citySourceS (Data from 2013): OECD/Cn.gov/Wall Street Journal Encyclopaedia BritannicaFor those who have made the move, the rewards can be plentiful, but Beijing presents its own unique challenges to foreign researchers. De Grijs relocated there in February 2010 with his wife, a Chinese biologist and research fellow who gained a post at Tsinghua University at around the same time. He calls the Peking campus, with its serene lakes, an “oasis in a big, bustling city”, and has just applied for his eighth year-long residence permit — a relatively painless exercise given his academic affiliation. “I’m supported by Peking University so they take care of all the paperwork.”Previously an associate professor of astrophysics at the University of Sheffield, UK, de Grijs describes his Mandarin as “not very good” but says he gets by just fine at the institute, one of a growing number of Chinese research bodies that function primarily in English. He also has university translators on hand to help.Beijing’s smog and light pollution would render a research telescope on campus useless. The small telescope that sits in a dome atop the School of Physics is instead used to train budding stargazers. “It’s good for showing students how you can use a telescope and what sort of physics you can do with simple observations,” de Grijs says.For research-level observations de Grijs uses larger telescopes in more remote parts of China, such as the Qinghai Observation Station in Delinha, or sends his students there. His current research primarily involves the Hubble Space Telescope, which means booking observing time, then sending coordinates and instructions to scientists in Baltimore on the US east coast to be beamed spaceward.Growing globalizationIn the city’s north, next to the main site of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, sits the CAS Olympic Village Science and Technology Park, which is peppered with research institutes dedicated to genetics, genomics, physics, microbiology, geography and more.Much of Beijing’s Olympic infrastructure remains, including the iconic blue bubble-surfaced ’water cube’ that held swimming events. Nearby is the Institute of Zoology, CAS, where chemical ecologist Jacob Wickham is crouching next to an ailanthus tree. The tree is wrapped in a sheet of sticky white paper dotted with slow-moving insects. Wickham, who hails from Buffalo, New York, and who moved to China in 2006, has set insect traps with different chemical lures along a row of 64 trees inside the institute’s fence.The trees are a Chinese native introduced in the eighteenth century to the United States, where they’re known as the ’tree of heaven’. They are rendered less charitably in Mandarin as chouchun— chou means stink. “In the US they only grow alongside railroad tracks and around junkyards,” Wickham says. “They’re really junky, but they’re nice shade trees.”They’re also a gold mine for anyone targeting the brilliantly red-and-black insect Wickham now holds in the palm of his hand. The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula), a Chinese export that feasts on stone fruits and timber trees, is currently wreaking havoc in Pennsylvania, where it threatens a $12-billion hardwood industry.Conventional approaches to controlling the lanternfly have proved ineffective, partly because its bright colours advertise its toxicity. “I’ve seen ants walk by the corpses of these things. They’re like indestructible beasts. Not much will eat them,” Wickham says.Instead, he hopes to use a chemical–ecological approach to identify the pheromones that influence insect behaviour. “I’m researching attractants — and also looking at what sticky bands are most effective at catching them.” Eventually, he hopes, these chemical smells will help to confuse, control and — where necessary — eradicate the lanternfly.Wickham collaborates with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and the US Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. But he moved to China to be closer to the invasive insect species that fascinate him — originally the wood-boring Asian long-horn beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), which formed the basis of his PhD.“It was one of the first really big nasty invasives that spread from China to other parts of the world,” Wickham says. The wood-borer, which lays larvae that tunnel into bark and wood, is thought to have stowed away in packing materials dispatched from China. “It was one of the unintended consequences of globalization, the movement of invasive species around the world,” he says. “Think of all the shipping crates.”Wickham’s move has not been without problems. Back in his lab, he recounts being caught in the “vortex of China’s talent recruitment and bureaucracy” as he positions an emerald ash borer beetle (Agrilus planipennis) for an experiment.He was offered a permanent position at the Institute of Zoology, which requires either a Chinese green card or a ’foreign expert certificate’ to get on the payroll. He has no green card, and his current certificate is tied to a previous employer. This complication has left him in employment limbo. Fortunately, he edits a zoological journal at the institute, which entitles him to remain until the situation is resolved. Wickham’s experience is illustrative of the red tape that most foreign researchers must learn to accept as part of life in China.Fossils and fundingSim Chi Yin/VII/ReduxJingmai O’Connor has found success in Beijing, helped in part by ready access to some of the finest fossil collections in the world.Palaeontologist Jingmai O’Connor hasn’t found China’s administrative culture as stifling as Wickham has. In fact, she feels less weighed down by red tape than she did in the United States, with “the freedom to do my research unfettered by paperwork and bureaucracy”. The American-born researcher has also, as de Grijs advises, worked hard to maintain her international visibility, publishing nearly100 papers since taking a post eight years ago with the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), a CAS institute in west Beijing.Early last year, O’Connor contributed to CAS’s third-most-impactful journal article by Altmetric score in any field — which details the plumage of bird wings fossilized in a mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber deposit and their similarities with those of modern birds living 99 million years later (L. Xing et al. Nature Commun. 7, 12089; 2016).“I am thrilled to be somewhere where science is appreciated and funded,” O’Connor says. She compares the experience with her home country where she had to “scrape by with minimal funding, only able to see the one or two most important collections and attend a single conference a year”.“My boss has been awarded two of the largest grants ever given by the Chinese government and we have money to do everything and anything we want. It means when we want to check collections or bring in collaborators — often to teach mini-courses and help our students stay on top of the latest techniques — or buy the latest equipment, we don’t even bat an eye.”A recent grant O’Connor’s team received for multidisciplinary research was designed to be large, she says, “so that the receiver doesn’t have to waste time applying for grants for five years, so they can focus purely on the research”.In fact, the IVPP has been so successful that it is shifting towards more independent projects. “Research in China has been rapidly moving forward, taking advantage of funding to stay on top of the latest techniques and technologies and moving towards less dependence on foreign collaborators,” O’Connor says.World-leading research is not the only draw for O’Connor — the lifestyle is important as well. She has lived among Beijing’s hutongs — the narrow streets that snake between low-rise buildings and characterize traditional residential areas — for most of her time here, and says the city gives her a degree of freedom distinct from her experience in the United States. O’Connor also makes favourable comparisons between China and the United States in relation to gender bias. “I don’t feel particularly discriminated against and in fact, I feel less so than I would in the USA. I have tattoos and piercings and feel like these things in America would hold me back, whereas in China, as long as I’m productive, they couldn’t care less how I look — and if they find my behaviour odd, it gets chalked up to being foreign.”“This institute has really become home,” O’Connor says of the IVPP, which she first visited in 2003 as an undergraduate researching mammals. “I’ve spent my entire career here, and see no need to move on in the near future. At first this bothered me, but now I recognize that I have a great thing going so why should I feel the need to add other institutions under my belt? Beijing was the only choice. I really love it here, both as a place to live and to work.”Box 2: Life in the city: A capital of contradictionsChina’s capital is a bustling city built high and wide, laid out among five concentric ring roads. Beijing’s motorists frequently disobey traffic ordinances — it is often inertia that confers right of way. Yet traffic generally flows, albeit sometimes at a trickle.The city itself — part of a wider municipality also called ’Beijing’ — is more than 4,500 km2 in area — around five and a half times the size of New York City. Beijing municipality is more than three times that.With a size and population comparable to a small nation, it’s understandable that Beijing often seems to be a tale of two cities. At the first sign of a rainstorm, a frequent occurrence in summer, emergency SMS messages warn citizens of inevitable urban flooding that regularly claims lives, even as a sophisticated centuries-old plumbing system quickly drains the imperial palace. Mountains that historically shielded Beijing from attack to the north and the west now conspire with high-pressure weather systems to trap a layer of air over the city, resulting in Beijing’s infamous smog.Smartphone apps send push notifications when pollution levels peak, prompting the use of industrial-grade facemasks while outside. Yet parks and open areas around the city spring to life at dawn and dusk as groups of elderly people take part in semi-structured exercise classes timed to electro-folk remixes. Cycling is a popular form of transport in the largely flat cityscape, and at least one company is working on share-bicycles that filter the air as they’re pedalled.But it is this variety of experience that Maxim Titushin, a science teacher, likes most about his adopted city. Titushin came to Beijing in 2007 for the second year of his PhD on jellyfish luminescence at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, as part of an exchange programme. After finishing his PhD in Siberia, he completed a postdoc at the same lab in Beijing before backpacking around the rest of China. But eventually his passion for science and the draw of the city brought him back.Titushin grew up in a working-class Siberian family, but finds that Beijing suits him. Its hutongs (the small alleys formed by low-rise residential buildings) remind him of summers in the countryside. “I don’t like tall buildings and busy streets, I like to hear dogs barking and the sound of falling rain drops, stepping out on a roof terrace, little cafes to drink tea and work at. At the same time, I get a buzz when I go to teach in the business centre of the city.”This balance between chaos and calm isn’t the only positive: “Life is affordable; teachers are well paid in Beijing, science teachers even better.” When the time comes for Titushin to have a family, he says he may move, given the pollution and other strains of city life, but he’s been trying to leave for years, and has always returned.The city has grown around him. “When I first arrived in 2007, there were only three subway lines in Beijing. Now there are around 20.”Although her salary is the same as that of local scientists, there are perks: travel funding and year-end productivity bonuses among them. But she says it would be hard for her to set up her own lab because she can’t read Chinese.O’Connor describes her spoken Chinese as “pretty poor” but has had fun learning. “I make the effort to learn because I want to understand people: friends, colleagues, taxi drivers.” She’s even given presentations in Mandarin. “It’s important to try to integrate and also to put yourself in the shoes of a majority of scientists, whose first language is not English. For most Chinese colleagues, giving a talk in English is difficult and stressful and I think that my willingness to make an utter fool of myself and give a talk in Chinese goes a long way to developing good camaraderie.”To her, China has a complex image problem. O’Connor says that many researchers in her field are envious that she lives so close to the world’s great fossil collections, but they aren’t willing to live here themselves. “I don’t think Beijing is for everyone,” she says. “The fossils and funding are certainly alluring, but most people see China as unliveable for whatever reason. They may love to visit but seem intimidated by the idea of life in Beijing. It certainly can be lonely for foreigners and it even took me a couple years to make a happy life for myself. But now that I’ve found it, I don’t want to give it up for the world.”Good companyThe man who founded Beijing, Zhu Di, today lies entombed with 12 other Ming emperors in a northern suburb of the city. In his lifetime, he sponsored some of the largest naval expeditions ever undertaken, and his desire to expand China’s influence endures.Last week, the Beijing-based Center for China and Globalization(CCG), an independent think tank an hour’s drive from the Ming tombs, co-published a report setting out some of the problems the country has faced in attracting more overseas talent. Whereas international recruitment figures are dismal in comparison with other developed countries, the report suggests further changes to China’s research system that might improve its showing. These suggestions are likely to be taken seriously in Beijing’s political sphere.As China looks to solidify and grow its economic power, it continues its hunt for highly skilled overseas scientists, engineers and investors. “We cannot do the work well without the help of international workers,” said Wang Huiyao, president of the centre. Whatever the experiences of researchers who have already made Beijing their home, one thing seems certain: they will soon have company.From Nature，2017-9-21
2017年9月29日 -
一向“高冷”的学术期刊《nature》因何援引这家智库研究
2017年9月20日，国际顶级学术期刊《Nature》(《自然》)刊登题为《Young science in an old city》（古老首都对全球科研人才的吸引力）的文章称，作为世界第一人口大国的政治、文化和科技中心的正在寻找全球英才。文中提到，随着中国科技生态系统的升级，对于留学生的吸引力也越来越大，同时文章中还采访了一直以来致力于国际人才发展的全球化智库（CCG）主任王辉耀博士。 “没有国际人才的帮助，我们不可能把工作做好”，王辉耀主任对《Nature》说。事实正是如此。从千人计划到长江学者，中国政府采取积极措施吸引海外人才，不仅为国家发展注入动力，也为优秀人才提供了前所未有的发展空间和广阔舞台。 与此同时，文中还援引此前不久CCG发布的《2017中国区域国际人才竞争力报告》，《Nature》称，这份报告“指出了中国在吸引海外人才上面临的问题”并提出了建议，“北京政府或许会认真考虑他们的建议”。 CCG长期以来关注人才全球化领域的研究，当前经济全球化快速发展，全球人才竞争越来越激烈，近年来我国进入了由人才全球流动向人才回流的竞争新时期。全球人才竞争力排名的影响力越来越受国际社会重视。《2017中国区域国际人才竞争力报告》蓝皮书及时把握我国区域人才竞争力的发展情况和特点，分析我国在提升国际人才竞争力中存在的问题并建立了中国区域国际人才竞争力指标体系，形成了中国区域国际人才竞争力的排名。 此外，蓝皮书还对我国各区域吸引国际人才提出几点建议，其中包括设立专门的国际人才管理机构；加大操作层面的政策突破力度，国家创新区域应持续发挥创新引领与先行先试的示范带头作用；推动示范区国际人才政策在全国范围的推广，积极探索城市群国际高端人才的共享模式；进一步加强城市软实力建设以及建立国际人才合作组织，打造国际人才协调服务专业平台等。 《自然》杂志(Nature)创建于1869年，是世界上最早的国际性科技期刊，也是自然科研方面的核心期刊，在学术界享有盛誉。
2017年9月29日