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薄贵利：人才强国战略是强国第一战略
专家简介薄贵利，全球化智库（CCG）学术委员会专家，国家行政学院国家战略研究中心主任、教授。进入21世纪特别是党的十八大以来，为实现民族复兴、国家强盛的宏伟目标，中央提出了一系列强国战略，如人才强国战略、文化强国战略、创新驱动发展战略、中国制造2025、海洋强国战略、质量强国战略、网络强国战略等。在这一系列强国战略中，人才强国战略是实现国家强盛的第一战略。这是因为人才资源是第一资源，要充分发挥第一资源的作用，就必须将人才强国战略确立为强国第一战略。对于人才在当今社会的地位和作用，习近平总书记明确指出：“人才资源作为经济社会发展第一资源的特征和作用更加明显，人才竞争已经成为综合国力竞争的核心”“没有一支宏大的高素质人才队伍，全面建成小康社会的奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦就难以顺利实现”把人才强国战略作为强国第一战略与人才优先发展战略是一致的。但人才优先发展战略具有相对性，比如，在5个发展要素中，人才优先于其中的一两个或两三个要素，就是优先。而把人才强国战略确立为强国第一战略，那就意味着在强国道路上，要始终把人才放在第一位。在实践中，需要把人才优先发展战略的“四个优先”即“人才资源优先开发，人才结构优先调整，人才投资优先保证，人才制度优先创新”发展为“人才资源首先开发，人才结构首先调整，人才投资首先保证，人才制度首先创新”。由“优先”到“首先”，虽只一字之差，但认识上更加到位，实践上也将更加有力。 人才资源要首先开发。2014年6月9日，习近平总书记在讲话中指出：“我们要把人才资源开发放在科技创新最优先的位置，改革人才培养、引进、使用等机制，努力造就一批世界水平的科学家、科技领军人才、工程师和高水平创新团队，注重培养一线创新人才和青年科技人才。”总书记的论述明确强调，要把人才资源开发放在最优先的位置，因为，人才是创新的根基，是创新的核心要素，创新驱动实质上是人才驱动。 人才结构要首先调整。社会主义现代化建设，实际上是经济结构、社会结构不断调整、不断优化、不断高级化、不断现代化的过程。在这一过程中，人才结构要首先调整，首先优化，首先高级化，首先现代化。因为，在现代经济社会发展中，人才不仅具有支撑作用，高端人才还具有开拓创新、引领发展的作用。只有首先调整人才结构、优化人才结构，使人才结构不断高级化、现代化，才能促使经济社会结构的调整和优化，促进经济社会结构的高级化和现代化。当然，人才结构既包括人才宏观结构，也包括人才的中观结构和微观结构。人才的宏观结构是国家在特定时期各级各类人才的比例，人才的中观结构是国家在某一地区或某一行业领域人才的比例，人才的微观结构是人才的内在素质和品格。在重视人才的宏观和中观结构优化的同时，必须高度重视人才的微观结构优化和现代化。正如美国现代化问题理论家英格尔斯指出的那样：“一个国家，只有当它的人民是现代人，它的国民从心理和行为上都转变为现代的人格，它的现代政治、经济和文化管理机构中的工作人员都获得了某种与现代化发展相适应的现代性，这样的国家才可真正称之为现代化的国家。” 人才投资要首先保证。中国社会主义现代化建设需要数以亿计的人才。习近平总书记指出：“实现中华民族伟大复兴，人才越多越好，本事越大越好。”培养和造就这样一大批素质优良的人才队伍，就必须加大人才投资。过去，在很长一段时间里，我国人才投资水平比较低，教育经费占GDP的比重直到2012年才达到4％，此后，我国教育经费占GDP的比重逐年上升，到2015年，已占到4.26％。但与国际比较仍然不高。2012年，经济合作与发展组织成员国平均教育经费与支出占GDP的比重为4.7％，其中挪威达到6.5％。因此，加大人才资源开发力度，培养大批高质量的创新型人才，必须继续加大人才投资，并要首先得到保证。 人才制度要首先创新。充分发挥人才资源作用，必须在全面深化改革中，首先改革和创新人才资源管理体制。过去，在计划经济时代形成的人才资源管理体制，有的禁锢了人才的头脑，有的绑住了人才的手脚，使人才的潜力和作用难以得到充分发挥。落实人才强国战略这一强国第一战略，必须以充分发挥人才作用为核心，以创造人才充分发挥作用的良好环境为重点，深化人才体制机制改革，“加快构建具有全球竞争力的人才制度体系，聚天下英才而用之。要着力破除体制机制障碍，向用人主体放权，为人才松绑，让人才创新创造活力充分迸发，使各方面人才各得其所，尽展其长。” 为“加快构建具有全球竞争力的人才制度体系”，当前迫切需要创新人才管理与服务的顶层制度，提高顶层管理机构的地位和权威性，推动人才体制机制改革，更加有效地贯彻落实习近平总书记的人才战略思想，使人才强国战略更加有效地支撑和引领国家的重大发展战略。文章选自《人民日报》，2017年6月14日
2017年6月15日 -
北大教授饶毅发表最短毕业致辞 4分钟9次掌声
535字，3分56秒。北大，2016年本科生毕业典礼上教师代表的这一份致辞，堪称中国最高学府的最短毕业典礼致辞！做自己尊重的人——饶毅（教师代表、科学家）在祝福裹着告诫呼啸而来的毕业季，请原谅我不敢祝愿每一位毕业生都成功、都幸福；因为历史不幸地记载着：有人的成功代价是丧失良知；有人的幸福代价是损害他人。从物理学来说，无机的原子逆热力学第二定律出现生物是奇迹；从生物学来说，按进化规律产生遗传信息指导组装人类是奇迹。超越化学反应结果的每一位毕业生都是值得珍惜的奇迹；超越动物欲望总和的每一位毕业生都应做自己尊重的人。过去、现在、将来，能够完全知道个人行为和思想的只有自己；世界上很多文化借助宗教信仰来指导人们生活的信念和世俗行为；而对于无神论者——也就是大多数中国人——来说，自我尊重是重要的正道。在你们加入社会后看到各种离奇现象，知道自己更多弱点和缺陷，可能还遇到小难大灾后，如何在诱惑和艰难中保持人性的尊严、赢得自己的尊重并非易事，却很值得。这不是：自恋、自大、自负、自夸、自欺、自闭、自怜，而是：自信、自豪、自量、自知、自省、自赎、自勉、自强。自尊支撑自由的精神、自主的工作、自在的生活。我（饶毅）祝愿：退休之日，你觉得职业中的自己值得尊重；迟暮之年，你感到生活中的自己值得尊重。文章选自未来网，2017年6月12日
2017年6月14日 -
【Dialogue CGTN】40 Years after the Return of Gaokao
【VIDEO WATCHING】Starting June 7th, a total of 9.4 million people in China have begun taking the "Gaokao", the annual college entrance examination. In China, especially in the past 40 years, "Gaokao" has been regarded as a very important event. It is a very significant to China’s large population, and for a long time, it was taken as a fair way to select talents.However, with the development of society, the admission rate of the "Gaokao" was increased and the "Gaokao" is not the only way for Chinese students to get into college. Nowadays, some of them choose to study overseas or go to technical schools. Although there has been criticism of this system, we cannot deny that under this system, Chinese students have developed strong capability in science and math; In the meantime, we should admit that students have shortcomings in their comprehensive ability.This year marks the 40th anniversary of the restoration of this system. Restoring the "Gaokao" system 40 years ago was a decision made by Deng Xiaoping. Equally important, higher education was expanded in 1977. Thus it is safe to say that the year of 1977 marks the normalization of higher education.The Dialogue Studio had invited Prof. Li Jinzhao, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Mr. He Jing, Partner at Anjie Law Firm, Dr. Wang Huiyao, President of Center for China and Globalization (CCG), to review the impact and meaning of returning of Gaokao 40 years ago.From CNTN， June, 2017
2017年6月14日 -
黄仁伟：中国不会走历史上大国崛起的老路
专家简介黄仁伟，全球化智库(CCG)学术委员会专家，上海社会科学院副院长。 有人从历史经验的角度出发，担心中国的崛起会走德国、日本等国的老路。对此，黄仁伟给出了明确否定的回答：中国不会走这个老路。为什么？因为中国有中国智慧。 黄仁伟指出，权力转移不完全是军事力量和经济力量的转移，最终其实是思想、观念、制度等软实力的转移，这是最深刻的权力转移，也是非常艰难的。而中国智慧则为中国方案提供了有力支撑。 黄仁伟认为，要从中庸之道和渐进哲学来认识中国文化。中国文化主张量力而行，不主张一家包打天下。“一带一路”早期收获项目实际上都是同当地国家具体工程结合的，随着“一带一路”项目越来越多落地，它们就会连成片、连成线，最后连成网。可以说，和当地项目的结合是“一带一路”成功的路径。 有人担心，中国会不会用“一带一路”强迫别人做什么？黄仁伟表示，说这话的人其实不了解中国人际关系的哲学。中国人讲究两厢情愿，就是说双方都自愿做这个事，所以“一带一路”的所有项目一定是双方，或者是三方，甚至于四方互相情愿的事情，有一方不情愿，我们也不会做。如果更深入地了解中国的文化，就会知道我们倡导的是“己所不欲勿施于人”。他进一步从从秩序观的角度对此进行了阐述。现在大家都在讲全球治理，全球治理有多种模式，或者说多种理念。但是西方的全球治理就是要求各国接受西方的治理模式，也就是说设置了一个前提条件。但是中国的“一带一路”不设这种政治前提，没有这样的价值观预设。所以“一带一路”同当地的制度、文化是相结合的，以当地的制度和文化为主体，而不是试图改变当地的制度和文化，这是我们的一种秩序观。当然，“一带一路”在建设过程中，会面临一些风险，但应对这些风险要靠当地的国家和人民参与治理，而不是用中国的力量包下来。 黄仁伟认为，“一带一路”是一个包容、开放、多样性的发展过程。中国文化本身就是多样性的文化，世界上所有大国里面，中国文化的多样性是历史最悠久的，它是儒释道的结合，所以中国并不排斥任何文化，所谓“有容乃大”。这是中国文化的特征，我们在“一带一路”中同样要体现这种文化。 关于中国的天下观，黄仁伟也澄清了之前国际上一些人存在的误解，即认为中国的天下观是以中国为中心的天下。他指出，过去，确实是有这样的情况存在，清王朝就是一个典型。但是，在中国的天下观中还有另外一个层面，即以世界、以人类为己任，这样的天下观在现代的条件下，就变得比较先进了，比传统的盟国体系和势力范围等地缘政治理念要先进很多。“一带一路”建设中就充分体现了这种与世界同命运、共责任的天下观。他特别指出，中国的义利观超越了西方的狭隘利益观。“一带一路”不是一个施舍，它是按照市场的方式来运行的，目的要实现互利共赢。但是在运行中，我们先讲“义”再讲“利”，这也是“一带一路”可持续发展的支撑之一。 黄仁伟最后指出，中国历史文化中蕴含着很多智慧，值得深入挖掘和研究。在建设“一带一路”的过程中，一定要知己知彼，要知道各国的想法，也需要让各国知道中国的想法。文章选自上观新闻，2017年5月28日
2017年6月14日 -
CSOFT彭博社访谈：品牌、产品和运营如何“翻译”到全世界
理事简介叶雪泥，全球化智库(CCG)常务理事，华也国际信息咨询有限公司CEO。CSOFT华也国际创始人兼首席执行官葉雪泥（Shunee Yee）女士于6月7日上午接受了Bloomberg《彭博市场（亚洲）》的连线采访，分享其关于如何正确“翻译”（国际化）品牌、产品和运营的专业经验。■ CSOFT：“翻译界的 Uber ”进行采访的两位主播分别是来自香港的 Rish Salamat 和来自悉尼的 Haidi Lun，其中 Rish Salamat 刚刚采访了 Uber 首席执行官 Travis Kalanick。葉雪泥女士认为，CSOFT 也可被视为“翻译界的 Uber”，她解释道，现在全世界能够掌握两种以上语言的人数超过总人口的 50%，只要充分挖掘这一专业技能资源，结合现代科技，就可以做到让全世界的人都能够随时随地获得在线翻译服务。■ 企业国际化之未来趋势葉雪泥还提到，“只有大型跨国企业才能在全球扩展业务的时代已经成为过去。伴随着现代科技与互联网经济的高速发展，来自世界上任何地方、任何规模的企业都能够参与到国际市场竞争中来。正因为如此，更多企业的全球化进程也势必加速产生海量的翻译需求。”根据华也国际有关分析，相对于多数老牌500强企业在上世纪 80、90 年代立足于成熟市场所进行的国际化，目前正在进军全球市场的中国企业面临的挑战已不同于以往。除了要克服技术、语言和文化障碍，中国企业现在还面临着更为复杂的政治和地缘经济环境。最重要的是，数字经济的革命要求现代的产品和信息必须能够极速抵达全球用户。彭博社北京、香港、悉尼现场连线https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2017-06-07/how-csoft-translates-products-and-operations-video (彭博社报道)华也国际是全球领先的本地化和全球化服务供应商，为全世界各个国家的企业和组织在开拓海外市场的过程中所遇到的跨语言、跨文化沟通相关的问题与挑战提供专家级解决方案。如果您想了解关于CSOFT的更多信息，请发送电子邮件至: info@csoftintl.com 或访问网址: www.csoftintl.com文章选自CSOFT，2017年6月13日
2017年6月14日 -
【Bloomberg】Chinese Firms Wary of Political Risks on Belt and Road
As the global limelight fades from President Xi Jinping’s “Belt and Road” summit, the main actors -- Chinese state-owned companies -- are warning about the political risks they face along the route.Earlier this month Xi outlined plans to direct as much as 840 billion yuan ($122 billion) to build roads, railways, ports and pipelines across Asia and beyond, securing China’s central role in world trade. The plan has the country’s state-owned enterprises weighing investments in 65 participant nations, almost two-thirds of which have sovereign debt ratings below investment grade.“Chinese companies’ risk awareness has grown, but they still lack the ability to discern where to invest or effectively manage overseas risks,” said Yin Yili, a vice president at a unit of China Communications Construction Co., one of the nation’s largest state-owned companies. “Over these past years, we’ve paid a great price and suffered big losses. We’ve paid a large amount in tuition fees.”The concerns highlight a major challenge of Xi’s signature trade-and-foreign-policy initiative: Ensuring that state companies don’t become overexposed abroad at a time when they are struggling to shed costs and slash soaring debt loads at home. State-owned companies had already insured more than $400 billion in projects in the four years before Xi’s summit.Some 71 percent of Chinese companies said political risk topped their concerns about investing abroad, according to a survey of 300 firms published in November by the Center for China and Globalization (CCG), a Beijing-based research institution. They cited “policy changes,” “political unrest” and “government expropriation” as top worries.Yin, who heads the industrial parks department at CCCC’s Industrial Investment Holding Co., said that almost two decades of foreign investment experience hasn’t necessarily translated into enhanced risk-control procedures for Chinese companies. Many still lack vision, negotiation skills and local knowledge, he said, adding that they sometimes assume money can solve all problems.“A lot of times they only see a bevy of opportunities, but not pitfalls underfoot,” Yin said. “There are more than 200 countries and regions in the world, and not every place is worth investment.”Protests, VolatilityThe Belt and Road route includes volatile areas like Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as Iraq, Syria and Yemen. African countries including Egypt, Kenya and South Africa are also on the list and scrambling to expand ties with China. Ethiopian Airlines Enterprise on Monday launched its fourth route to the country.In 2014, protests over China’s oil-exploration in the South China Sea forced electronics maker Midea Group Co. to withdraw investment from neighboring Vietnam, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. China’s $1.5 billion Colombo Port City project in Sri Lanka has been dogged by demonstrations and briefly halted in 2015 after a new government pledged to review all deals by the previous Beijing-friendly administration.Concerns about political risk were scarcely mentioned as Xi hosted almost 30 world leaders in Beijing on May 14-15. The president’s keynote address only referenced the need to manage broad financial risks, while the chairman of China’s State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission told reporters that political and security threats were “completely controllable.”‘Unstable Governments’“China needs to not only worry about walking into political traps leading to investment loss, but also worry about security of staff and assets,” said Raffaello Pantucci, director of international security studies at the Royal United Services Institute. “You are looking at parts of the world where you have politically risky and unstable governments, a variety of security threats, and a government in Beijing which has little clear skill or experience in managing these problems.”Risks were building long before Xi first outlined in 2013 the plan to recreate ancient Silk Road trading routes between Asia and Europe by land and sea. Beijing has been encouraging state companies to “go out” since the late 1990s, with much of that investment going toward oil and other raw materials in countries such as Venezuela, where slumping commodity prices have helped weaken the Beijing-friendly government.More than $250 billion in China’s overseas investments failed between 2005 and 2015, according to the China Global Investment Tracker, a database maintained by the American Enterprise Institute and the Heritage Foundation. The Center for China and Globalization, which separately analyzed 120 unsuccessful investments, found that political factors accounted for a quarter of all cases.Risk InsuranceSuch overseas investments are insured by the state-owned China Export & Credit Insurance Corp., or Sinosure, which covers government seizures, nationalization, political violence, contract breaches and payment delays because of political events. In an article published on the company’s website this month, Chairman Wang Yi described Sinosure as the Belt and Road Initiative’s “chief brake.”Since 2013, Sinosure insured $440 billion of exports and investments in Belt and Road countries and paid out $1.7 billion in claims, Wang wrote. Projects insured included a 1,800 kilometer (1,100 mile) pipeline to Turkmenistan, a $1.6 billion power plant in Jordan and an $800 million dam in Cambodia.Yuan Li, chairman of China Civil Engineering Construction Corp., which has more than 50 projects in Africa, said Sinosure’s insurance covers “extreme circumstances” like coups and war, but not normal political reversals.“There is a change of government almost every month,” Yuan said by phone. “There is no insurance on the earth catering to that. Our policy is to make friends as widely as possible, and not to get closer to any one party than the others.”Political concerns have led China’s state companies to steer clear of some markets. Gordon Li, the overseas business director for China Merchants Group’s international business department, said the company hasn’t considered adding India to the 48 port projects it’s financing in 18 Belt and Road countries.“For us, the No. 1 consideration is political risk,” Li said. “It’s extremely important whether the destination countries have good relations with China or not.” (By Ting Shi)From Bloomberg， May, 2017
2017年6月14日 -
【Global Times】US aims to curb deficit with China
Vehicles to be exported to the US at a factory in Daqing, Northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province on April 12 Photo: CFPThe US has noticed China’s recent increase in its foreign exchange reserves and its support for a strong yuan, and instead of labeling China a currency manipulator, the US will work harder to bring down its trade deficit with the world’s second-largest economy, experts said on Thursday. The comments were made after US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin confirmed that the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) between China and the US is on US President Donald Trump’s agenda, the Wall Street Journal reported on Wednesday. He noted at an event held at the US-China Business Council in Washington on Tuesday (US time) that the Trump administration aims to prioritize specific trade issues, according to the report.The US is focusing now on reducing its trade deficit with China rather than concerning itself with China’s intervention in the foreign exchange market, as Trump’s "America First" approach aims to enhance the competitiveness of US products, Bai Ming, a research fellow at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, told the Global Times on Thursday. "Addressing the tremendous trade deficit with China and creating more opportunities for US companies are the key tasks now," he said. Bilateral trade between China and the US grew 21.1 percent year-on-year in May to 333.13 billion yuan ($49 billion), according to data released by the General Administration of Customs of China on Thursday. Within that amount, China’s exports to the US surged 18.3 percent year-on-year to 242.26 billion yuan, while imports from the US increased 28.5 percent year-on-year to 90.87 billion yuan, the data showed. China still has the largest trading surplus of all the US’ trading partners, according to the US Treasury report published in April. The US had a total trade deficit with China of $347 billion in 2016, the data showed. Upcoming dialogueTrade-related issues including the BIT will be highlighted at the upcoming comprehensive economic dialogue this summer, as protectionism has been rising in the US, Han Bing, an expert at the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times on Thursday. In May, China and the US announced the initial results of the 100-day plan for trade talks, covering agriculture, financial services, investment and energy. Most of the agreements are expected to be implemented by July 16. "One of the highlights in the annual work report published by the office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) this year is to facilitate market access for American products in developing countries," Han said, noting that the BIT negotiations will focus on lowering investment barriers under the current negative list structure. The Trump administration is expected to take a more aggressive approach to ensure that more markets are truly open to US products and services. The US-China BIT, which had gone through 24 rounds of negotiations as of June 2016, is designed to address some of the major trade obstacles, according to a study published by the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission in August 2016. The potential benefits of a US-China BIT include increased bilateral investment, a leveled playing field, increased market access and further liberalized trade and investment, the study noted. Although the US will no longer accuse China of being a currency manipulator, given its stable foreign exchange moves, obstacles still remain, Bai noted. "The US has not given up on tying to impose high tariffs on some Chinese products," he said. On February 2, the US Department of Commerce announced it would impose anti-dumping duties from 63.86 percent to 76.64 percent and anti-subsidy duties from 75.6 percent to 190.71 percent on Chinese stainless steel sheet and strip imports. "These trade frictions are unlikely to disappear soon. But if there is no compromise on trade disputes, there will be little progress on the investment treaty," Bai added.The core of the upcoming dialogue between the two countries is trade and foreign exchange rates, and China aims to expand agriculture, high-tech and services imports from the US by maintaining stable exchange rates, Huang Jianhui, senior non-resident fellow at the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), a Beijing-based independent think tank, told the Global Times on Thursday. "The US will use tariffs as a bargaining chip to reduce its trade deficit," Huang said, noting that the US will also urge China to be more open to services trade and will try to push agriculture and liquid natural gas exports to China. (By Chen Qingqing)From Global Times，2017-6-8
2017年6月13日