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【虎嗅网】抢人才!那边希拉里要给创业者发绿卡,这边中国要新设移民局类似机构
据彭博商业周刊报道,为了吸引拥有更多技术专长的海外人才,中国首个移民局类似机构可能在年底前成立。 彭博商业周刊引述知情人士消息,这一举措的背景是国家主席习近平期望吸引海外人才,帮助中国实现向消费和创新拉动的经济转型。中国认为招募海外人员是帮助其减少对制造业和投资的依赖,避免重蹈亚洲和南美发展中经济体陷入“中等收入陷阱”覆辙的一个出路。 而在2016年稍早举行的关于国内安全服务改革的内部会议上,国务委员、公安部部长郭声琨就披露了这一举措。以计划尚未对外公布为由要求匿名的知情人士表示,公安部可能通过合并及扩大边境防控和出入境管理部门来创立移民局,这个新机构可能在2016年底前成立。 巧合的是,就在几天前,美国民主党总统参选人希拉里也刚刚发出了一项以招揽海外人才为目的的计划。 其在个人竞选网站上发布的《希拉里·克林顿关于科技创新的倡议(Hillary Clinton’s Initiative on Technology & Innovation)》一文中称,她会为获得STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathmatics),即科学、技术、工程和数学学位的留学生“绑定(staple)”绿卡,这些学生只要在毕业后找到工作,并得到雇主支持,就能绕开临时H-1B工作签证,得到绿卡。 文中还提到一项有关科技创业者的政策,为了吸引优秀海外创业者赴美,为美国创造更多工作机会,希拉里将允许海外的优秀创业者申请新的“创业公司”签证(Start-up visas),前提是这些创业者首先要获得美国投资者的投资承诺。如果创造的就业岗位数量和业绩指标达到标准,创业者还能进一步申请绿卡。中美政策计划将潜在影响多少人才? 希拉里这项政纲有望影响数十万在美读书的外籍学生和无法统计数字的海外创业者。根据Pew Research Center的数据,2013-2014年间,有近275,000名中国留学生、超过10万印度留学生赴美留学。其中有超过30%的中国赴美留学生是STEM专业;超过60%的印度留学生是STEM专业。 不过这些留学生及创业者获益的前提是,希拉里在总统大选中获胜,并且自己提交的这项政令草案通过美国参众两院的投票。 与此相对应,中国若在今年年底前成立移民局类似机构,可能影响更多的外籍人才。数据显示,目前约60万外籍人士在中国居住,相对于其近14亿人口而言,这一比例微不足道。而在日本,外籍人士数量达到约217万。 而60万外籍人士中大部分持有的可能是工作签证,因为中国绿卡被称为“全球最难申请的绿卡”,拿到的人少之又少。 我国2004年8月起开始实行国际通用的“绿卡”制度,据网易的报道,在此之前,中国只批准了3000多人在中国永久居留。 在“绿卡”制度实施后,中国“绿卡”的年均发放量仅有248张,而这一时期入境的外国人则多达2700万。公安部公布的数据显示,截至2011年底,共有4752人获得中国绿卡,其中外国高层次人才及其家属1735人,亲属团聚移民有3017人。 与美国相比,1980-2009年的三十年间,共有110万4669名中国人获得美国绿卡,仅2011年一年发给中国人的永久居留签证就多达87016张,数百倍于获得中国绿卡的外籍人士。一边为拉拢选民,一边为拉动经济 中美两项与科技人才有关的移民政策目前都还停留在计划阶段,涉及的具体细节并没有详细说明。 对于希拉里的上述计划,硅谷科技新贵们表示支持,但也有人认为这只是她在大选冲刺阶段为拉拢选民开出的空头支票,更有美国国内的声音指出,这将对国内人才带来冲击。 而对于中国将吸引海外人才并有可能作出更多政策调整的消息,作为政府智囊机构的中国与全球化智库主任王辉耀向彭博表示,过去几十年,中国仅靠人口红利便可坐享两位数的经济增长,因此无需引入海外人才;但是现在它需要海外人才带来的新红利来帮助支撑经济增长。 中美两国在差不多的时机传达出相似的人才诉求也说明,国际上对技术人才的抢夺进入了更激烈的阶段。文章选自虎嗅网,2016年7月19日
2016年7月21日 -
郑永年:不建立有效的知识体系,创新就是空谈
专家简介郑永年,新加坡国立大学东亚研究所所长、中国与全球化智库(CCG)学术专家委员会主任。 无论从内部世界还是外部世界来看,中国缺失自己的知识体系的现状令人担忧。从内部来看,因为没有自己的知识体系,无论是执政者还是知识精英无能解释自己的社会,对社会的发展趋势认识不清,更不知道如何解决越来越多的问题。更为严重的是,中国的知识界并没有努力来建设自己的知识体系,或者自己的社会科学,而是拼命地使用外在的知识体系来解释中国,结果往往是曲解。也很自然,官方意识形态已经和社会现实严重脱节。意识形态是内部统治的软力量,缺失了有效的意识形态,中国的统治成本在迅速提高。 就外部世界来说,随着中国的崛起,人们对中国抱有越来越巨大的不确定性。其中,对中国的误解扮演了一个关键的角色。从前,外界对中国的误解多半是因为中国的封闭。但现在搞改革开放已经数十年,中国已经相当开放。当然,中国体制运作很多方面仍然很不透明,这种不透明在继续阻碍着世界对中国的客观认识。透明度越高,越能帮助外国人理解中国。中国在这方面的确还有很多的空间需要改进。 识体系的缺失使得中国的国际“软空间”非常狭小 但是,透明度提高并不能帮助中国本身产生自己的知识体系。现实的情况是,知识体系的缺失使得中国的国际“软空间”非常狭小,和中国所拥有的硬实力(如经济力量)毫不相称。中国的决策者也意识到了问题的严重性。这些年来,在很多方面下手,很抓中国的“软力量”建设。孔子学院和媒体“走出去”是其中两个显著的例子。不难理解有关方面的这种努力,同时这个方向也是对的。中国不仅自己要了解外在世界,而且也需要外在世界了解自己。不过,情况不容客观。从总体上看,中西方之间的误解不仅没有在减少,反而是在越来越深。无论是孔子学院还是媒体“走出去”,都具有工具性,即中国所说的“外宣”。不过,外宣方面往往是空洞无物,这种情况是尽人皆知的。“外宣”在很多时候反而会起到相反的效果。当然,这个责任也并不再外宣部门。在没有自己的知识体系的情况下,中国不可避免要面临一个“对外宣传什么?”的问题,而知识体系的创造责任并不在外宣部门。如同内部统治,如果中国在国际社会的“软空间”继续收缩,那么其对外交往的成本会继续提高。 “软空间”缺失的因素有很多,但最主要的根源在于中国缺失一个可以说明和解释自己的知识体系。中国有古老的文明,有当代的最优实践,但没有知识体系来解释。对中国历史传统和现实经验的解释权似乎永远在外国人手中。 没有知识体系的一个严重结果就是中国没有自己的国际话语权 中国努力借用外在世界的尤其是西方的知识体系来认识自己,解释自己。借用他人的话语权来向他人推广自己,这是中国知识界所面临的一种困境。很多人已经意识到了这一点:经济学家们意识到了西方的经济学解释不了中国的经济实践,社会学家们意识到了西方社会学解释不了中国的社会实践,政治学者们发现了西方政治学解释不了中国的政治实践。但是在实践上怎样呢?他们不是努力去发展中国自己的知识体系,而是继续使用西方的概念和理论。在中国这块土地上生存着无数的西方经济学家,西方社会学家,西方政治学家,但却没有自己的经济学家,社会学家和政治学家。结果呢?大家越说越糊涂,越解释越不清楚。当然,也有一些人想关起门来,搞知识层面的“自主创新”。其结果也只是自说自画,说一些除了自己之外谁也听不懂的东西。 是什么原因导致了思维和想的“被殖民” 这是一种什么样的现状?简单地说,这是一种思维、思想“被殖民”的状态。从“五四运动”以来,中国就一直处于这样一种状态。进入近代以来,中国传统国家被西方所产生的新形式的国家所打败。遭受连续的失败之后,中国的精英们开始向西方学习,即所谓的向“西方寻求真理”。西方就是真理,就是科学,这是一个根深蒂固的心理状态。学习西方,便是政治上的正确。在这一点上,中国的政治精英们并没有大的分歧,他们的分歧在于向哪一个西方学习,或者象西方的哪一个方面学习。总体上说,自由派学欧美,左派学苏俄。很显然,无论是自由主义还是马克思主义,都是西方的产物。尽管在一定的历史时期,也有类似于“马克思主义中国化”的思想意识运动,但这里主体还是西方,而不是中国。视西方为真理,为科学,那么非西方的包括中国本身的就是“非真理”,“非科学”了。长期以来,知识界那些追求“非西方”的知识的努力被视为是政治上的“不正确”。 改革开放不仅没有改变这种趋向,反而变本加厉。无论左右派,都想把一些西方的教条道德化。左派主张公平正义,自由派主张自由民主。不管他们的思想有如何的对立,都是从西方进口,在中国的知识市场上竞争。这类似于在经济领域,中国本身没有什么技术创新,而是基于西方技术之上的各种产品在中国的市场上竞争一样。所不同的是,知识界往往能够站到更高的高度,把一些西方的概念提高到价值观层面,这样就可以毫无止境地“妖魔化”其它一些价值,无论是西方的还是中国的。中国的很多知识分子只知道、也只会用他们所认同的价值观来评判中国的实践,而不是经验地研究中国实践。很多人像是被西方的知识体系洗了脑一般,非常满足于思维、思想被殖民的状态,掌握了几个西方概念就老是觉得掌握了真理。真理在手,就高人一等。用西方概念来训斥人是很多中国知识分子的高尚职业。 解释世界是改造世界的前提 但在中国,知识分子人人都想充当公共知识分子,都想改造世界。他们没有能力来解释世界,却有高度的自信来改造世界。结果呢?越改造,这个世界就越糟糕。改革开放以来,中国很多的问题和很多的政策失误,决策者要负责,但提供知识体系的知识界也有一份很大的责任。 一个文明,如果没有自己的知识体系,就不可能变得强大。自近代以来,西方文明是随着自己的知识体系的出现而开始强大的。任何一个知识体系都是基于自身的实践之上。正因为如此,其有能力解释自身,有能力聚合各种力量。实践是开放的,知识体系也是开放的,这就决定了基于实践之上的知识体系具有无限的创造能力。在国际舞台上,则表现为强大的软力量。 人们所看到的近现代知识体系由西方产生和崛起。社会科学中的“西方中心论”成为必然。“西方中心论”说明了近现代知识体系起源于西方这个事实,其本身并没有错。当人们说“社会科学”时,这里的主体是社会,而科学只是认识这一主体的工具。同样产生于西方的科学方法帮助了西方人确立了自己的知识体系。然后,西方学者也开始用他们的知识体系来解释其它社会,这在很大程度上也是不可避免的。意识形态、文化、习惯等因素都会影响西方学者对其它社会的看法。 不能过分谴责西方学者对中国的偏见,主要的责任在于中国知识界本身。解释自己生活的世界是自己的责任,而不是他人的责任。不过,很显然,只要中国的知识界生存在思维和思想的“被殖民”状态下,就不可能产生这样一种知识体系。要生产和发展这样一种知识体系,首先要意识到“被殖民”这一点,然后,再努力从这种状态中解脱出来。 现代中国的大转型并没有造就中国自己的知识体系,这应当是中国知识界的羞耻。也很显然,在能够确立自己的知识体系之前,中国没有可能成为一个真正的大国。单纯的GDP成就不了中国的大国地位。更重要的是,没有自己的知识体系,可持续发展也会受到制约。没有自己的知识体系,中国可以应用,但不会创新。一个严酷的现实是,一旦涉及到创新,人们在中国看到的最多的是山寨文化,山寨概念和山寨理论。抄袭知识、复制知识,做大量毫无附加值的知识复制是中国知识界的大趋势。这和中国制造业的情况没有任何差别。实际上,知识和知识的实践(制造业)是一个硬币的两面。只有拥有了自己的知识体系,才会拥有真正的原始创造力。 要摆脱思想“被殖民”的状态,政治是关键 “被殖民”状态本来就是政治的产物,也必须通过政治而得到解放。中国传统上就没有知识创新的能力。中国数千年所拥有的只是一种依附性的知识体系,即一种依附于王权的知识体系。秦朝统一中国之前,中国产生了百家争鸣的局面,确立了中国的思想体系。但是,秦朝统一中国之后,这种思想体系很快就演变成为王权依附体系。数千年里,只有当王朝解体的时候,或者当皇朝控制不了社会的时候,才会导致一些新思维和新思想的出现。而在近代“向西方寻求真理”以来,王权依附就演变成为西方知识依附,知识体系的本质并没有什么变化。无论是哪一种依附,本质是一样的,就是维持政治在意识形态方面的控制。而对统治者来说,相比之下,前一种依附要比后一种更有效。前者毕竟还是基于自身政治实践的知识体系,尽管保守,但为社会所接受,因此能够实现有效的软性统治。而后者呢,作为一种外来的知识体系,既不能解释现实,也不能为社会所接受,因此在实现统治过程中反而扮演着负面的角色。这也就是当代中国的统治权表现得越来越刚性的主要根源。 很显然,要创造知识体系,创造者就必须摆脱政治因素的控制,政治控制从思维领域退出变得不可避免。作为当政者,不应当也不可能来有效控制人们思维的空间。当然,这并不排除用法治形式对思想领域进行规制。这一点连自由主义也是承认的。世界上不存在完全的自由,那些可以对公共生活产生非常负面的影响的思想领域,必须加以规制。只有规制,才能确立知识的社会责任。传统社会,因为其他的控制较少,意识形态的控制(表现在一种统一的文化和价值)对政治统治来说就变得非常重要。但是,在现代社会,统治者拥有了包括组织在内的各种现代化控制机制,就没有再有必要通过思想的控制来实现统治权。 对思想意识的控制也必然体现在行政管理方面,也就是体现在一些具体的机制上。这尤其是知识生产领域,即教育和科研领域。就是说,中国的教育和科研的核心不是知识创新,而是控制。举例来说,如果百分之八十五的收入是基本工资,而百分之十五的收入来自于研究经费或者其它的资源,那么知识创造者就可以不用为生活所担忧,可以凭借自己的兴趣来作思考、来做研究,这样才会有创新。但中国目前的局面是,不到一半的收入来自基本工资,而大部分要来自于申请研究经费等。为了生存,教育者和研究者不得不花大量的精力来向掌握资金者(往往是政府部门或者政府代理人)申请资金。实际上,即使申请到了基金,他们也要为生活着想,想着如何把基金的一部分转化成为自己个人的消费。而掌管资金的权威和机构并不是为了研究和创新,而是为了控制。政府所掌握的钱越多,可申请的项目也就越多,对教育和研究者的吸引力也就越强。这哪里是研究创新机制,而仅仅是控制机制。对掌管金钱者而言,你要向我申请资金,你就必须听我的,我叫你做什么,你就做什么。你越听话,你所能得到的钱就越多。当然,你越听话,表明控制就越有效。 中国的科研评审体制又是另一种进口的“殖民”体制 这种体制用来控制和管理人们的思维和思想。不管这个体制的初衷如何,其最终的结果就是思想和思维的被殖民。例如,在这一体制下,现在的专业经济学家大多是技术性工匠,他们不用对中国的经济问题作任何形式的思考,专门找一些有关中国的数据,放入西方提供的技术模子里面,就可以产生研究结果。整个经济界视这样的研究结果为科学,研究者们可以毫无困难地在中外杂志上出版他们的“研究成果”。这也类似于制造业的“外国技术,中国原料”的生产过程。评审制度的高度制度化必然导致思维、思想殖民状态的高度制度化。当被殖民者主导这个体制的时候,谁也不用想改变这个体制,中国也永远不用想产生自己的经济学家。 一旦当思想成为物质利益的奴隶的时候,思想就不再是思想;一旦当思维被控制的时候,不管是被政治权力所控制,还是被物质利益所控制,那么就不再具有想象和创新能力。这里的逻辑就是:国家越富有,统治者掌握的金钱就越多,思想就越贫乏,文明就越衰落。这是中国的现状。今天,在当人们开始讨论起中国文化体制改革的时候,中国的决策者们是否可以直面这个现状的症结呢?现实是,如果文化体制的改革不能促使中国摆脱这个逻辑,那么创新便是空谈,建设自己的知识体系便是空谈。——摘自郑永年《通往大国之路——中国的知识重建和文明复兴》
2016年7月21日 -
【China. Org】China plans bureau for immigration, report says
China is planning to set up its first immigration office under the Ministry of Public Security before the end of the year.Bloomberg reported on Tuesday that the office would be created by merging and expanding the ministry’s border control and entry-exit administration bureaus, quoting a source it said had knowledge of the plans.Public Security Minister Guo Shengkun, who doubles as a State Councilor, disclosed the plan earlier this year at an internal meeting about a wider overhaul of domestic security services, the report said.Another insider confirmed the existence of a plan but told China Daily that there are no details yet. This insider said it was not clear whether there would be an intergovernmental organization to deal with immigration affairs.The idea of an office specializing in immigration is the latest sign signaling the importance of foreign talent recruitment in China, as President Xi Jinping seeks overseas talent to help drive the transition to an economy led by consumer spending and innovation.The central government released a document on foreigners’ permanent residency in February that said it "will further improve the organizational setting and the delegation of responsibility of immigration affairs, and place the functions of drafting permanent residency policies, review, approval and daily service under a single agency".Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization (CCG) , said it’s a good time for China to establish an immigration bureau."Foreign talent is important to help promote innovation and the setting up of new businesses. In the United States, one-third of patent holders, nearly half the founders or co-founders of its top 50 listed corporations and nearly half its doctoral degree holders in science and engineering are immigrants," Wang said.About 600,000 foreigners work in China, a tiny proportion of the country’s 1.3 billion people. By contrast, in major international cities, immigrants account for 20 to 80 percent of the population, according to the International Organization for Migration.Wang said an immigration bureau should integrate responsibilities that are now scattered throughout many government departments."With such a bureau, the government would be able to enhance its work efficiency and provide better services to foreigners residing in China," Wang said."The bureau would also help China better deal with illegal immigrants, maintain good public order and better protect the interests of legal immigrants," he said.From China.Org,2016-7-20
2016年7月21日 -
【环球时报】中国或成立首个移民办公室吸引外国人才
【新加坡《海峡时报》7月19日文章,原题:中国据称要成立新机构吸引外国人才】消息人士透露,中国正筹备自己的首个移民办公室。这名消息人士说,今年早些时候中国公安部的一次内部会议上讨论了这一事宜。 中国将招募海外人才看做减少对制造业和投资依赖、避免“中等收入”陷阱的一种方式。而成立移民办公室是落实这种看法的最新迹象。“中国过去几十年没必要成立这样的部门,因为单靠国内人口红利就可以维持经济两位数增长。”中国与全球化智库(CCG)主任王辉耀表示,不过现在中国需要新的国外人口红利,为经济增长提供智力支持。 如今,有60万外国人生活在中国,他们只占中国14亿人口的很小一部分。签证的限制、污染问题以及法治有待完善是中国吸引海外人才面临的几个困难。中国与全球化智库(CCG)的研究显示,本世纪头10年,只有7300名外国人获得中国永久居民身份。中国政府已放宽“绿卡”的发放范围,特别是针对那些技术和创新性人才。 不过,国家行政学院的汪玉凯表示,移民门槛将非常高,“即使我们建立移民办公室,引入新的移民政策,政府依然会小心翼翼地遴选。一开始的幅度会非常小。我们要吸引的是精英人才,不会允许不需要的人大量涌入”。(传文译)文章刊于《环球时报》,2016年7月20日
2016年7月21日 -
【 新华社】中外专家聚焦中资企业国际化 建言中国企业“走出去”
“慧眼中国环球论坛”2016年会于7月18日在新加坡开幕。图为“中资企业国际化对国内经济与国际经商环境的影响”分论坛现场,嘉宾从左到右为柯文顿·柏灵律师事务所北京办公室合伙人夏尊恩,复星集团执行董事、副董事长兼首席执行官梁信军,韩国《朝鲜日报》副主编朴楚义(主持人),星展银行企业及机构银行董事总经理兼营运部总监陈德隆,中国与全球化智库主任、商务部中国国际经济合作学会副会长王辉耀。(林城摄) 新华网新加坡7月19日电(杨赛)“慧眼中国环球论坛”2016年会18日在新加坡开幕。在当日一场分论坛中,来自美国、中国等地的各界专家、企业家围绕中资企业国际化对国内经济与国际经商环境的影响进行了深入探讨,并从各自的领域提出建议。 中国与全球化智库(CCG)主任、商务部中国国际经济合作学会副会长王辉耀认为,中国对外投资总量高、增速快,这与中国GDP增速密切相关。中国GDP增速全球领先,年均对外投资量也位于世界前列。在当前的国际局势下,中资企业迫切需要与全球大企业加强合作,各国应建立国际统一的贸易体系,让全世界实现共同繁荣,而不是分裂成不同阵营。 复星集团执行董事、副董事长兼首席执行官梁信军表示,中国企业走向国际市场面临的第一大风险是剧烈波动的资本市场。解决这个问题的关键在于耐心。复星集团在开始走向全球化的前五年只投资了2.5亿美元,在这期间,集团招募了许多合伙人级别的人才。前期良好的积淀使得复星集团在全球化的第六、第七年中将投资追加到上百亿美元,获得更大发展。 梁信军建议,中国企业全球化过程中首先要考虑的问题是汇率风险。另外,企业本地化也至关重要。当企业打开一个新的海外市场时,发现和任用本地的人才,建立和打造本地的平台,乃至与本地的商业伙伴合作都是降低全球化风险的关键举措。 星展银行企业及机构银行董事总经理兼营运部总监陈德隆(Tan Teck Long)说,近年来,中国企业用贷款收购海外企业的趋势日趋明显。针对走向新加坡市场的中国企业,陈德隆介绍说,新加坡的融资体系非常有效,融资市场也十分完善,这样的融资环境可以帮助中国企业在市场上以较低的融资成本进行融资。 柯文顿·柏灵律师事务所北京办公室合伙人夏尊恩(Timothy Stratford)曾担任在华美国商会主席表示,美国政府非常欢迎中国投资,但中国投资者在投资时需注意投资项目是否能满足当地需求,是否能为当地民众创造就业机会。另外,虽然美国国会没有针对具体投资项目的审批权,但了解美国国会的态度是投资成功与否的关键因素。文章选自新华社,2016年7月19日
2016年7月21日 -
【China Daily】New generation of returnees: Endeavor and compromise
Xu Jiru (L), Kailey Xi(C), Guo Qun(R) respectively at their graduation ceremony. [Photos provided to chinadaily.com.cn]She had graduated from one of the best universities in the world and at the age of 28 had a job offer from one of the best companies in the world. But she chucked it all and decided to come home. She is not alone. There are many like her and the number of talented people heading home is growing.As part of new series, we are going to share stories of people who went to study abroad but instead of settling down overseas decided to return to China. We will take a look at why they are returning, the challenges they face and what their expectations are.This is part one of their stories.Who would turn down an offer from the leading consulting firm LEK’s Chicago office, a rare opportunity for international students to make a way in the world’s most developed market?Guo Qun did.What pulled back the 28-year-old, who graduated from the prestigious Northwest University this summer, was the mature working environment offered by Chinese metropolis like Shanghai."Salary is not a big matter for MBA graduates when they weigh their options. What decides is where we want to live and pursue personal development,” she said.She has decided to come back to work for her previous employer Boston Consulting Group (BCG)’s office in Shanghai with a promotion."I did think about accepting the offer to work in the US for a while. However, China is an important market for many multinationals seeking growth. And my knowledge and experiences are mostly about this market, where I believe my talents can be best used," said Guo.Another returnee wooed back to Shanghai shares the same view."I believe China is more than a comfort zone for us. It’s a grace zone," said Xu Jiru, 24, who graduated from John Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University this year."It’s not to say we can’t lead a successful life abroad. But we find it easy to position ourselves back home." She will be a lawyer at an American law firm’s Shanghai representative office.The two promising young women are among the ever-increasing number of Chinese who are choosing to return every year.Last year, 409,100 students returned from abroad, up 12 percent on 2014, according to Ministry of Education.Another notable trend, the ministry said, is that the ratio of those going abroad and those coming back has narrowed from 3.15 students going overseas in 2006 for every one that returned, to 1.28 for each returnee in 2015.He Zhi (L) in Monaco and Ruan Chao (R) in London. [Photos provided to chinadaily.com.cn]Most of them are encouraged by the development opportunities the country offers. Ruan Chao, 27, went on an overseas study with a plan to open his own business, with hopes of learning advanced management expertise."I know it is hard to start a new business and I have to blaze a trail. But I’m willing to follow my heart rather than stick to the so-called iron bowl," said Ruan, who last year quit a much-envied job at the Beijing headquarters of ChemChina, a state-owned chemical giant in China, for a one-year postgraduate study at Warwick University in the UK.For Chinese who have overseas education, Ruan is not the only one who plans to start a business. He Zhi, 25, has been somewhat a successful founder of a travel website and raked in 400,000 yuan ($59,813) in half a year after the new company kicked off.As a travel enthusiast, He "derailed" from the path to be chemical engineer after obtaining a master’s degree in chemistry at ESPCI Paris Tech. Upon graduation in 2015, he returned to China and created wayatrip.com, an online platform for helping plan DIY tours and connecting travel friends and city "treasure hunters"."My dream is to change Chinese people’s travelling habit through importing the western value and lifestyle into China," said He, now the co-founder and CEO of wayatrip.com.Gu Weiqi (L) in Barcelona and Wang Lidong (R) at her graduation ceremony in Hong Kong.[Photos provided to chinadaily.com.cn]Apart from business, family is another important magnet that pulls these Chinese students back home, especially women.Liu Han, 33, left for an overseas study in the US when her daughter was only 15 months old. She quickly made a decision to reunite with husband and daughter upon graduation after being separated for two years.But the decision Wang Lidong, 26, made was not that easy. She finally succumbed to family pressure and obeyed her parents’ wish to work and live close to them after working in Hong Kong for eight months upon graduation from City University of Hong Kong.Now she is preparing for exams to become a civil servant, as wished by her parents, who also want her to get married before she is too old. She thinks the overseas study helps little in the exam.A report released by Ministry of Education in March shows that 59.16 percent of female overseas returnees came home after finishing their studies in 2014, surpassing the number of their male counterparts."Almost all my female schoolmates encountered objections from their family when they got a job offer abroad," said Gu Weiqi, 28, who got MBA in business administration from London Business School this year. "Some were even pushed into blind dates abroad by parents."Her plan was to find a job in China or the Asian market as her family hoped she would stay not far away from them after graduation. Gu finally got a job offer as a strategic planner at pharmaceutical giant Eli Lilly’s Greater China branch in Shanghai.Gao Yuan (L) and Kailey Xi (R) [Photos provided to chinadaily.com.cn]However, finding a job in China is not easy for some returnees. Because economic slowdown is depressing the job market while the number of graduates is still on a rise - 2016 will see about 7.56 million domestic graduates, the largest ever in history.One of the biggest challenges for returnees is missing out on the major job-seeking season at home, according to a report released by the Center for China and Globalization(CCG).Some overseas graduates do desire to polish their resume by working abroad for one year or two. But many finally had to return to China after encountered countless difficulties.Visa is the first barrier they have to overcome.Kailey Xi, 26, is such a case. She is an alumna of Columbia University whose parents moved to the US when she was a teenager.Others are rejected by their most admired companies.Gao Yuan, 31, was rejected three times in a row by TUV Rheinland, the global leading provider of technical certification, before he finally got a offer from Volkswagen FAW Engine Cooperation in Changchun, capital of Northeast China’s Jilin province.Either determined or hesitating to be back in the first place, most returnees interviewed are enjoying themselves back in China, although some admit it takes a while for them to adapt to the new job position."When I finally came back to Beijing, I surprisingly found that there were more opportunities here. For now, I think that China is a place where you can achieve as high as you dare to dream,” said Kailey Xi.From China Daily,2016-7-14
2016年7月20日 -
【Bloomberg News】China Plans First Immigration Agency to Lure Overseas Talent
■ First-of-its-kind agency could be set up before year’s end■ Leaders seeking to lure workers with more technical expertiseChina is setting up its first immigration office, according to people with knowledge of the plans, as President Xi Jinping seeks overseas talent to help drive the transition of an economy led by consumer spending and innovation.Public Security Minister Guo Shengkun, who doubles as a state councilor, disclosed the move earlier this year at an internal meeting about a wider overhaul of domestic security services, said the people, who asked not be identified because the plans are not public. The office would be created by merging and expanding the ministry’s border control and exit-entry administration bureaus and could be set up before year-end, they said.It’s the latest sign that China sees recruitment of foreign workers as a way to help shake its dependency on manufacturing and investment and avoid the "middle-income trap" that has stalled developing economies from Asia to South America. Almost four decades after Deng Xiaoping began opening China to the world, about 600,000 foreigners live in the Communist-led country, a tiny fraction of its almost 1.4 billion population. Japan, by comparison, has 2.17 million foreigners."China didn’t need to do that over past decades because it had double-digit growth simply by enjoying the demographic dividend," said Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), a research center that advises the government. "But now it needs a new dividend of foreign talent to help support economic growth."The Ministry of Public Security didn’t respond to a faxed request for comment. The ministry on Monday announced 16 measures to streamline permanent residency applications and other skilled foreign worker approvals in the free trade zone in China’s southern manufacturing powerhouse of Guangdong, which borders Hong Kong, the official Xinhua News Agency reported.Besides needing expertise, the country’s facing a long-term demographic squeeze as the population ages. The government replaced its one-child policy with a two-child limit last year after the working-age population shrank for the first time in two decades.It’s unclear exactly who the new Chinese immigration office would seek to attract. While Xi has urged a general increase in international talent exchanges, his public remarks have focused on overseas Chinese, particularly those who left the country for an education and never came back.‘Warmly Welcomed’"You are warmly welcomed if you return to China," Xi told a meeting of the Western Returned Scholars Association in October 2013. "If you stay abroad, we support you in serving the country in various ways."Strict visa rules, heavy pollution and weak rule of law are among the factors complicating any efforts by China to lure overseas workers. Less than half of the 2.6 million students sent abroad between 1978 and 2012 returned, the official Xinhua News Agency said at the time of Xi’s remarks.Similarly, a study by the Center for China and Globalization (CCG) released last year found that only 7,300 foreigners had secured permanent resident status in the first decade of its availability. The government has broadened the categories of people eligible for a Chinese green card, highlighting foreigners who working in innovation-focused careers in laboratories and technology centers.High ThresholdThe relaxed guidelines followed a meeting of Xi’s Central Leading Group for Deepening Overall Reform last September. The panel pledged to "manage foreigners’ permanent residence in a reasonable, open and pragmatic manner," Xinhua said."The threshold would be very high," said Wang Yukai, a professor at the state-run Chinese Academy of Governance. "Even if we set up an immigration office and introduce a new immigration policy, the government would be very cautious in choosing whom to let in. The opening would be quite small in the beginning. We would like to attract the elite, talented people, but we wouldn’t allow those who we don’t need to flood into China."While some big Chinese cities have seen a surge in foreigners in recent years, they still lag their global peers. About 0.5 percent of Beijing’s population is foreign born, compared with at least one-third in London, New York, Sydney and Toronto, the Geneva-based International Organization for Migration reported last year.— With assistance by Keith Zhai, and Jeff KearnsFrom Bloomberg News,2016-7-19
2016年7月20日