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【每日财经新闻】海归创业“第三城”成都构筑人才“强磁场”
摘要在《2017中国海归就业创业调查报告》中，成都以6.6%的占比，位列海归创业最爱选择的城市第三名，仅次于北京和上海。成都正实行的“不唯地域、不求所有、不拘一格”的新人才观，正在使当地成功实现弯道超车，成为一众“海归”人才创业的心仪之地。 在《2017中国海归就业创业调查报告》中，成都以6.6%的占比，位列海归创业最爱选择的城市第三名，仅次于北京和上海。成都正实行的“不唯地域、不求所有、不拘一格”的新人才观，正在使当地成功实现弯道超车，成为一众“海归”人才创业的心仪之地。 在热播剧《欢乐颂》中，“华尔街精英”安迪归国后在投资界呼风唤雨；“留美富家千金”曲筱绡操着不算流利的英文在生意场上也能如鱼得水…… 但刘琦和她们不太一样——这位“蓉漂”经常在想，自己的“海归”后生活过得有点“辣”。 3年前，刘琦还在英国兰卡斯特大学啃着白面包，思考着自己毕业后的去向；如今，她已经在成都落户，成为一家互联网企业的产品经理。 “项目的问题，一顿火锅就可以解决了撒！”这位来自大西北的姑娘，如今却操着一口“夹生”川普，演绎着“蓉漂”的美好生活。 今天的成都，像刘琦这样“镀金”归来的人才越来越多。据中国与全球化智库(CCG)与智联招聘8月联合发布的《2017中国海归就业创业调查报告》显示，成都位列“海归创业最爱选择城市”第三名，仅次于北京和上海。 什么原因使得成都能够弯道超车，成为一众“海归”人才创业的“新欢”？ 这一切都离不开成都正实行的“不唯地域、不求所有、不拘一格”的新人才观。在今年7月发布的成都“人才新政12条”中，提出将发放“蓉城人才绿卡”。目前，首批“人才绿卡”已发放至296名专家人才手中。 随着城市综合实力不断提升，成都对人才的吸引力愈发增强，正显示出强大的“人才磁铁”效应。“蓉漂”，正持续升温！海归涌入国际化环境受认可 随着一线城市落户难度增大，同时中西部城市通过政策层面吸引人才的力度逐渐加大，以成都为代表的中西部城市正在成为吸才的“高地”。 “好多城市都有‘人才绿卡’，落户成都后，我也希望拿到一张卡！”对于未来在成都的生活，刘琦充满了期待。 8月29日，成都为296名在蓉“两院”院士、国家“千人计划”专家、四川省“千人计划”专家等发放了首批“人才绿卡”。这是继“大学生凭毕业证落户”“人才驿站7天免费住”等举措落地后，成都人才新政的又一“大招”。 成都市人才发展促进会秘书长彭肖肖在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时说，“蓉城人才绿卡”体现了成都对高端人才的“礼遇”，有利于高端人才在成都更好地创新创业，将精力更好地聚焦于工作。 正所谓筑巢引凤，巢暖凤来。最近多份报告都显示，“孔雀”正在加速“西南飞”。 比如在中国与全球化智库(CCG)与智联招聘8月12日发布的《2017中国海归就业创业调查报告》中，成都以6.6%的占比，位列海归创业最爱选择的城市第三名，仅次于北京和上海。 “海归创业前三甲”，这一成绩对成都而言可谓来之不易。要知道，在过去一线城市一直是海归群体的“最爱”。中国与全球化智库主任王辉耀曾说，2009年进行的一项调查显示，归国人员中98%集中在北上广深等大城市，只有2%去了中西部地区。 近年来，情况却有些不一样了。随着北京等地落户难度增大，同时中西部城市通过政策层面吸引人才的力度逐渐加大，以成都为代表的中西部城市正在成为吸才的“高地”。 在彭肖肖看来，“海归”人才是一个比较务实的群体——当他们来到成都以后，会考虑整个城市创业的性价比，考量整个城市的创新创业氛围和国际化程度。成都正好给了他们很好的条件：首先，成都的国际化氛围浓厚；其次，创新创业环境非常好；特别值得一提的是，在创业性价比方面，成都具有得天独厚的优势。 基于以上种种原因，不难理解“海归”为何更愿意选择成都。当然，流入成都的人才还不止海归。 猎聘网最新发布的《2017年人岗争夺战及职场流动力大数据报告》显示，在2017年上半年全国主要城市人才净流入率排名中，成都居于第三名，高于北上广；而在智联招聘发布的《2017年夏季中国雇主需求与白领人才供给报告》中，成都则位居“十大最受求职者欢迎的城市”第四位，得分与第三名上海相差无几。提能升级“产城人”共振 对于成都来说，目前正在积极构建具有国际竞争力和区域带动力的现代产业体系，“产、城、人”正在发生共振。 “同一个时间，在北、上、深的同一条产品线上，你肯定看不到我的身影，然而只有成都抛给了我这样的橄榄枝。”目前，刘琦正主持开发两条公司的重要产品线，预计明年上线。 所谓聚天下英才而用之，既包括优秀的外籍人才、华裔人才，当然也离不开本土人才、留学人才。当人才“进大于出”的历史拐点即将到来，人才供给大量增加，城市与人才如何实现双向对接？换言之，什么样的城市才能留住所需人才？ 刘琦的案例具有一定代表性。目前来看，以成都为代表的新一线城市，能提供更广阔的发展平台。 除了良好的发展平台以外，猎聘网创始人兼CEO戴科彬还认为，一个城市应多发展可持续的优势产业，制定更具吸引力的引才政策，创造更优越的从业环境。 在今年7月举行的成都国家中心城市产业发展大会上，电子科技大学校长李言荣曾透露，现在电子科大留蓉发展的电子信息相关专业毕业生已从10%增至42%。 在李言荣看来，“这与成都这两年的产业结构、宜居环境、城市定位以及对电子信息产业的重视密不可分。” 的确，作为成都的支柱产业之一，电子信息产业起步早、发展快，目前正在不断壮大产业集群，从产业链向生态圈“升级”。 据统计，自2003年英特尔落户成都以来，德州仪器、戴尔、仁宝、富士康、纬创、清华紫光、格罗方德等知名企业相继入驻，目前已有21家世界500强电子企业聚集成都，带动了成都电子信息产业近年来连续保持20%左右的增长，有望率先成为第一个万亿级产业。 国际巨头的布局，无疑增加了这座城市对国际化人才的吸引力。对于成都来说，目前正在积极构建具有国际竞争力和区域带动力的现代产业体系，“产、城、人”正在发生共振。 值得一提的是，为全面加强人居环境建设，9月2日上午，成都天府绿道建设正式启动。“三万里天府绿道”在为城市增绿的同时，也将为城市的产业发展“增色”。据统计，绿道建设将直接创造10万个以上就业岗位，从而吸引高素质人才来蓉发展。 应该说，当成都成为全球人才竞相创新创业的沃土之际，“走，到成都去”、“回成都去”的声音将愈发洪亮，“蓉漂”也正在成为新的风尚。文章选自每日财经新闻，2017年9月8日
2017年9月11日 -
郑永年：对“一带一路”的初步评估
目前央企拥有高达超过5万亿元人民币的巨额海外资产。对这些海外资产，“基本上没有进行审计，存在大量监管空白”。编者按“一带一路”沿线牵涉到中亚、东南亚、南亚、中东、北非、东非及欧洲各国，规模极为广泛。在一个层面看，中国国内各方面都在跃跃欲试，想要参与“一带一路”项目，所有31个省份都已经或者正在出台参与方案，涉及基础设施建设、产业投资、经贸合作、能源资源合作、金融合作、人文合作、生态环境、海上合作等各个领域。我们该如何评估“一带一路”的效果？且听郑永年教授的最新分析。 01一带一路关键是金融近年来，中国经济进入“新常态”，增速放缓，经济结构需要调整，不可避免地使得一些产业面临需求不足和产能过剩的问题。中共十八大前中国取得了高达两位数的经济增长，意味着当时的产能可以支撑两位数的经济增长，现在经济增长下行到6.5%和6.7%之间，出现产能过剩不难理解。从中国经济结构调整的角度看，“一带一路”提供了向外释放这些产能的机会。这也是为什么这些年来，中国领导人一直在强调中国和其他国家进行产能合作的原因。对中国的许多企业来说，这应该是一个利好消息。再者，中国拥有强大的基建方面的工程技术能力，如高铁、高速公路、电讯、港口、机场和输油、输气、输电等等。实际上，中国经常被视为是“基础设施建设国家”。“一带一路”的关键是金融。注册资金为1000亿美元的亚洲基础设施投资银行和400亿美元规模的“丝路基金”，都支持沿线国家的重点项目建设，这也是“一带一路”发展的一个优势。“一带一路”项目从国际上的基金和金融机构等中介机构融资，也可以平衡中国资本账户开放的一些风险。产能、基础设施技术和资金，这些要素为“一带一路”倡议提供着有效的支持。同时，“一带一路”广受沿线国家支持，因为这一倡议符合这些国家的发展需要，很多沿线国家也有提升其基建设施的需求。不少国家是发展中国家，在基本设施建设上有资金和技术方面的不足，中国在基本设施建设的经验和工业生产能力，和这些国家的需求互补。除此之外，沿线国家建设的自由贸易区、跨境经济合作区以及各类产业园区，也是可以互惠互利的地方。02一带一路仍需厘清的问题由于其牵涉到众多的国家，庞大的资源投入和对国内各部门的重要影响，“一带一路”仍然须要重点厘清一些领域的问题。首先，目前来看，主要是中国政府主导“一带一路”相关的政策和项目。中央的“一带一路”领导小组是由发改委牵头，发改委负责制定中央层面的相关政策，而各地有关部门也都准备了相关方案。尽管已经公布了部分清单，但对外界来说这些远远不够，仍然需要更多的具体细节。制定相关的“一带一路”具体行动方案是非常必要的，应至少包括具体的参与国家，重点瞄准的地区以及项目。值得注意的是，在出台行动方案之前，中国方面应该与沿线国家进行充分的沟通与谈判，对对方关心的问题有所准备，可以避免出现中国“一头热”的状况，也要尽量避免把所在地国家仅仅定位为能源和资源供给国，因为这可能会引发当地的反感。重要的是，有关行动方案也应该考虑与沿线国家的发展战略相互对接，相互促进。其次，“一带一路”的性质和适用范围需要进一步明确。和其他区域合作的组织和协议区隔开来。“一带一路”的优势是在经济领域如经贸、金融、基础设施、第三方开发等经济领域的合作。然而，现在各种各地举办的活动包括智库的研究项目、会展活动等都被冠上“一带一路”的帽子。这些活动讨论的题目往往涉及政治、安全、文化等，这就导致了一些不必要的负面效果。一方面，这样对“一带一路”过于宽泛的解读，沿线国家的政府和社会就会顾虑经济之外的问题；另一方面，过度强调“一带一路”的战略性质，其他区域经贸合作协议的作用会变得模糊。比如不少东盟国家人士对“一带一路”与“区域全面经济伙伴关系协定”（Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership，RCEP）之间，究竟存在着怎样的分工和合作关系心存疑问。这种情况往往会对未来的经济合作，带来不必要的困扰和阻碍。第三，具体的政策落实层面，目前不少沿线国家不知道中国国内具体负责实施“一带一路”倡议的机构，究竟是哪一个单位。在“一带一路”领导小组的框架下，发改委是牵头单位，负责制定相关政策，但对沿线国家来说，还有很多部门也在对外宣传“一带一路”。究竟是哪家有权威性的机构在协调“一带一路”的实施与方案制定，沿线国家并不清楚。例如，国家开发银行在“一带一路”相关的政策和项目上相当活跃，对沿线国家来说，发改委与国开行两者在“一带一路”倡议实施过程中的角色定位，似乎还不太清楚。另外，一些地方政府也在推动“一带一路”的项目，实施的原则究竟以哪个部门的规定为准是一个问题。第四，除了各部门的协调问题之外，“一带一路”出现了企业缺位的情况。原则上说，“一带一路”应该是政府提出相关政策、企业作为主体进行经济上的合作，展开贸易等等。但目前的情况是以政府的政策倡议为主，企业跟进有限，出现了主体错位的现象，其实不少企业包括民营企业存在着走出去的意愿。政府的角色就是如何通过相关政策，支持和服务走出去的企业。企业始终是对外经济合作的主体，政府的政策应集中于如何解决企业走出去的障碍。比如最近德勤公司对50多家国企的一项调查显示，获取资金和风险管控是企业走出去的两个主要障碍。政府可以向对外投资的企业开放融资平台如丝路基金等，解决企业走出去的难题，同时政府也可以向企业发布投资指引，让企业了解存在的投资风险。03一带一路项目的投资风险第五，评估未来各种项目的可行性是另一个“一带一路”实施上的关键问题。目前许多项目是以基础设施投资为主。原则上说，基础设施项目具有投资规模大、投资回收期长以及投资收益率低的特点。此外，有些发展中国家的市场波动大，对债务和外汇的管控能力有限。在这些国家的长期投资风险较大，这也是为何不少沿线国家存在基础设施投资缺口的原因。如果没有良好的项目选择与项目设计，私人资本参与投资的可能性不大。如果从这些项目长期收益来看可以收回投资，中国政府或者国企的资金投入可以给其他投资者信心，从而有助于完成这些项目。但关键问题是，中国政府或者国企最终对这些项目的投资风险是否有相关的评估。如果政府投入资金的话，要做好承担风险的准备，政府可能需要支付项目建设支出。此外，中国政府对单个项目有过高承诺的话（如印度尼西亚高铁项目中，中国承诺不动用印尼的国家预算、无需政府担保等），未来沿线国家其他项目的投资期望也会随之变化。这样的话，中国政府或者国企可能会随之承担更多资金方面的责任和风险。实际上已经出现这个问题，并且相当严峻。因为中方的条件过于优惠，有关国家开始在“一带一路”上搞“政策寻租”，即追求好处，向中国要钱，但不那么负责任。例如印尼的高铁项目进展缓慢，有一半的地都还没有征用完，工程一直推迟。这主要是因为中国的条件过于优惠，印尼各方无需承担责任，过于优惠的政策使得印尼感觉不到自己是“利益相关方”，工程的推迟损害的是中方的利益，而不是印尼方的利益。第六，国企在“一带一路”的制度建设需要再思考。从上世纪90年代中期开始，国企开始“走出去”，同时国企也承担了不少战略性的海外投资。对战略性投资而言，经济的效益并不一定是主要的考虑。但就如上面讨论的，“一带一路”主要强调的是经济上的互惠互利。未来的国企投资主要方向还是要强调“在商言商”，让国企重视效益，同时，要把国企在市场的表现，和其管理层的激励机制挂钩。国企不应当是通过“一带一路”项目单向面地输出中国资本，而是要从中为国家赚钱。目前来看，有两点尤其值得注意。首先，对项目风险的评估十分重要。国企的投资许多是高额的投资基本建设项目，牵涉到的风险不小。近年来，中国投资参与的某些大型基础设施项目，被所在国暂缓或以其他名义“叫停”。此外，国际市场的商品价格的波动也会带来风险，比如全球油价下跌导致委内瑞拉的财力大幅下降，缺乏配套资金开展前期的基础设施建设，导致了中铁在委内瑞拉的高铁项目的亏损。还有所在国税率、税种、劳工、环保法律的变化，也会造成项目预期回报无法实现。还有，如何应对已经发生的风险，需要思考建立一个危机管控的机制。比如，在什么情况下，需要中止项目；什么情况下，需要诉诸法律程序等等。其次，除了加强项目评估外，对于对外投资企业的相关监管机制也需要加强。根据新华社的报道，目前央企拥有高达超过5万亿元人民币的巨额海外资产。也据新华社转发国资委的调查报告，对这些海外资产，“基本上没有进行审计，存在大量监管空白”。近年来，国企在海外亏损的新闻也并不少见。对国企的海外投资行为，需要监管来确保投资的回报。此外，有些企业在海外投资并购的项目金额巨大，给向这些企业融资的国内金融机构也带来了风险。中国政府应该对“一带一路”的推进状况进行定期评估。例如，根据事先设定的日程表，当前的“一带一路”建设究竟推进到什么地步了？同时，是否能建立一个专门的知识库，总结一下过去对外合作、投资项目的成功和失败的经验。这些经验可以分享给以后到海外投资的企业，提高企业对当地情况的认识。文章选自IPP评论，2017年9月6日
2017年9月11日 -
何亚非：慈孝文化是连接中华民族与世界的精神桥梁
何亚非，全球化智库（CCG）联席主席，中国外交部原副部长。 中新网杭州9月6日电(记者 奚金燕)“慈孝，源于心灵之美，行于细微之间。”6日，在浙江杭州举办的中华慈孝人物颁奖典礼上，外交部原副部长何亚非在致辞中说道，慈孝文化已经超越了民族文化的范畴，具有连接中华民族和世界的桥梁作用，是连接各国人民心灵的重要渠道。 从春秋时期《诗经》中的“哀哀父母，生我劳瘁”，到汉文帝为母试疾尝药，再到元代郭居敬收集编撰而成的《二十四孝》读物，千百年来，“孝”文化与中华传统文化紧密相连，难以分割。 何亚非说，自古以来，慈孝文化都是中华传统文化的精华和重要基础，也是连接两岸同胞和海外侨胞的精神纽带，拥有贯穿中华民族历史，浸润华夏儿女的精神力量。 何亚非认为，如今中国社会经济在蓬勃发展，但无论人们的思想观念、价值取向、家庭结构发生了怎样的变化，中华民族的传统美德依然是维系人民生活的基本行为准则。他指出，弘扬慈孝文化，对于建设社会主义核心价值体系，共建美美与共的和谐社会具有长远的现实意义。 从更广意义来看，何亚非认为，慈孝文化的内涵不仅仅涉及家庭、父母、孩子，更包含对国家和民族的大爱和忠诚。 正所谓“大爱无疆”，何亚非表示，如今慈孝文化已经走出国门，以人文交流为依托，成为连接各国人民心灵的重要渠道。 在中华慈孝人物颁奖典礼上，来自两岸暨港澳地区，以及海外华人华侨群体中的20位故事感人、具有典型性和代表性的2017中华慈孝人物一一登台，讲述感人的孝亲故事，以孝为名，传递爱与正能量。 这其中，有十五年如一日，悉心照料家中4位高龄老人的措姆；小小年纪两次割皮救父的王子豪；辖区老人们共同的“好儿子”皮科；以稚嫩双手照顾75岁脑血栓父亲的代晓冉……无一不令人为之动容。 在何亚非看来，这些慈孝人物的故事，之所以能够打动人心，成为典范，是因为他们时时刻刻都坚守着慈孝文化的内涵。 慈于心，只有逗号，没有句号；孝于行，只有起点，没有终点。何亚非希望，能够通过此次活动，在老百姓心中种下慈孝的种子，让人人都成为慈孝的践行者，让“善事双亲，敬养父母”的慈孝理念成为每个家庭、每个人的自觉行动，从小事做起，从身边做起，回报社会、国家和民族。同时他希望，也能借此推动海内外华人华侨之间的文化交流，增进同根同源的文化认同。 据悉，此次活动由杭州灵隐寺、中国新闻社、浙江省民族宗教事务委员会及杭州市民族宗教事务局主办，由中国新闻社浙江分社、杭州灵隐寺承办，并得到浙江省老龄工作委员会办公室、浙江中华文化学院、浙江中华文化海外传播促进会、旺旺中时媒体集团、香港商报浙江办事处的大力支持。(完)文章选自中国新闻网，2017年9月6日
2017年9月11日 -
China Daily Cover Story: Second Wind
"BRICS cooperation is set to achieve greater development and play an even bigger role in international affairs," he said. "Let us set sail from Xiamen and join hands to usher in the second ’golden decade’ of BRICS cooperation and deliver greater benefits to the people and our five countries and around the world."The meeting, which was held under the theme "BRICS: Stronger Partnership for a Brighter Future", was attended by Russian President Vladimir Putin, South African President Jacob Zuma, Brazilian President Michel Temer and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.It was also attended by the leaders of the BRICS Plus nations of Egypt, Mexico, Thailand, Guinea and Tajikistan as part of efforts to extend cooperation to other emerging and developing nations.The BRICS Business Forum held on Sept 3 was attended by 1,200 business leaders from 630 companies in China and around the world.Observers at the summit in the Fujian province city and beyond were looking for indications as to where BRICS was headed to next.Its main achievements so far have been the creation of the New Development Bank, the so-called BRICS bank, based in Shanghai, which issued its first loans last year; and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement, a stabilizing mechanism designed to protect the currencies of the members.The declaration issued at the close of the summit reaffirmed BRICS nations’ commitment to globalization, calling for vigilance "in guarding against inward-looking policies".It also called for the global economic governance architecture to give an increasing voice and representation to emerging market and developing economies.Greater trade and economic cooperation between the BRICS members themselves was also prioritized. Only 5.7 percent of the outbound investment of the BRICS members in 2016 was within the five countries themselves.The declaration also highlighted security concerns, and its members promised to work together to deal with global security challenges.It also reaffirmed the commitment of its members to fully implement the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.There was also recognition of the importance of Africa with support for the African Union’s Agenda 2063 to foster greater development on the continent.China also made its own specific financial commitments to BRICS. President Xi announced that China will commit 500 million yuan ($77 million; 64 million euros; ￡59 million) toward a plan to create greater economic and trade cooperation between the members.He also announced $4 million of extra funding to the New Development Bank to support its long-term development.On the final day of the summit, Xi also pledged $500 million (418 million euros; ￡383 million) in aid for developing nations to address issues such as famine, refugee crises, climate change and public health.In his speech to the BRICS Business Forum on Sept 3, Xi said the BRICS nations had played a major role in steadying the world’s economy after the global financial crisis of 2008.He pointed out that over the past 10 years, the GDP of the BRICS nations had increased by 179 percent and their trade by 94 percent, with their urban populations growing by 28 percent."In the past decade, we BRICS countries have surged ahead and become a bright spot in the global economy. The past decade has seen the BRICS countries making headway in pursuing common development," he said."The sudden outbreak of the 2008 global financial crisis left the world reeling, which is yet to fully recover. Facing the external shock, our five countries have held the ground by strengthening their domestic economies, boosting growth and improving people’s livelihoods," he said.The president also said the BRICS nations and other emerging and developing nations had an increasing role to play in a world no longer dominated by developed nations."Our world today is becoming increasingly multipolar, the economy has become globalized; there is growing cultural diversity; and society has become digitalized. The law of the jungle where the strong prey on the weak and the zero-sum game are rejected, and peace, development and win-win cooperation have become the shared aspirations of all peoples."Xi also made reference to his early political career in Fujian province in the 1980s and Xiamen’s role in China’s opening-up to the rest of the world, with it being one of the country’s first special economic zones, which kickstarted China’s economic transformation."Xiamen’s success is a good example demonstrating the perseverance of the 1.3 billion-plus Chinese people. In close to 40 years of reform and opening-up under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, we Chinese have forged ahead, fearless and determined."Jeremy Stevens, Beijing-based China economist of Standard Bank, Africa’s largest bank, said that by placing emphasis in his speech on next year’s 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up, in which Xiamen played a significant part, Xi was sending an important message about the importance of globalization."It was an interesting reminder of the importance of opening-up to the world. As with his Davos speech in January, he was making clear his and China’s commitment to globalization in marked contrast to the lurch to protectionism in the West," he says.Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization, one of China’s leading independent think tanks, agrees that this was another Davos moment, with Xi reaffirming China’s, and also the BRICS nations’, commitment to open trade."The BRICS nations have firmly rejected the protectionist position being taken by the US and fully support open trade. This is a very important message," he says."China has very much led on this within the grouping with Russia in the past and also Brazil not always wanting to participate in multilateral trade talks."Peter Frankopan, professor of global history at Oxford University, says Xi clearly sees engagement and openness as important."It is a very consistent message, which he also has demonstrated with the Belt and Road Initiative, to want to achieve greater cooperation, more trade, stability, greater prosperity and win-win outcomes," he says.The historian, who is also the author of the international best-selling book The Silk Roads: A New History of the World, says it is in marked contrast to the message of protectionism currently being delivered by US President Donald Trump."You can become isolationist if you close all the windows and all the doors. China is, however, talking big in every way and you can see this with the massive economic change in the country," he says.Kerry Brown, professor of Chinese studies and director of the Lau Institute at King’s College London and the author of China’s World, a new book on China, says the summit declaration was right to highlight reform of the global financial architecture away from just the Washington-based Bretton Woods system that has prevailed since the end of World War II. Xi called for a more "just and equitable" international order in his address."It (BRICS) is part of a diversification of the international financial infrastructure and has given people the opportunity to think about how other partners beyond the traditional ones can play a role. So from that point of view, it is a very useful idea."Rana Mitter, director of Oxford University’s Dickson Poon China Centre, says, however, that it will be difficult for BRICS to challenge the global financial order, at least in the short term."At the moment, one of the obstacles is the pool of capital they have. It doesn’t really match what you get now in the major financial centers. Within the grouping you can count Hong Kong (as a global financial center) obviously, but really the game is still happening in New York and London."The focus in the summit declaration on fostering greater trade and investment within the BRICS bloc was widely welcomed by many attending the forum.Sunil Geness, chairperson of the Deregulation Working Group of South Africa’s BRICS Business Council, says greater economic integration should now be a priority for the organization. "Traditionally, if you look at these countries they have been trading with partners that are developed, the West and, in particular, Europe. This is where the original opportunities have stemmed from," he says."The challenge is for the companies within BRICS themselves to come up to a level where the products they produce match the standards that are available in the rest of the world. In many of these countries we are looking at technology products, which relate specifically to agriculture."One area where there could be greater trade is in e-commerce, with the BRICS nations looking to set up a common e-commerce platform.The initiative was outlined at the 7th meeting of the BRICS trade ministers in Shanghai in August, and the BRICS E-Port Network will initially operate on a voluntary basis."This really has huge potential and is an opportunity to create significant cross border e-commerce trade within the nations. It also demonstrates how important BRICS can be in practice," says Wang, who is also a counselor to the State Council."If such an e-commerce platform is successful, it could then be adopted by all the 160 or so World Trade Organization members, something that would be difficult if it hadn’t been trialed by the BRICS nations first."Naina Lal Kidwai, a former president of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry and one of five BRICS business council members who attended the summit from India, says the emphasis on green development at the summit was the right way forward for the BRICS nations, particularly linking its agenda to the United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.She says one of the priorities has to be building sustainable infrastructure that does not repeat the mistakes of developed countries and avoids destroying the environment."Two-thirds of the infrastructure now needed is going to be in the global south, not just in the BRICS countries but other emerging markets as well. India alone needs $1 trillion of investment in the next five years," she says."There is an opportunity to build the right spaces for ourselves and not replicate what the rest of the world did and not see all the congestion and the pollution we have seen in the past."Kidwai, previously group general manager of HSBC in India, is focused on developing green financing models that will lead to higher environmental standards."The rules and regulations for this are still very much a work in progress within the BRICS countries, but we seem to be pushing on an open door," she says."We must move toward a system where the actual certification of a project being green is not merely constrained to something that is obviously renewable but needs to include projects that are energy efficient and benefit the environment in other ways."Some had suggested that with the launch of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank at the beginning of last year, China was no longer as committed to the Shanghai-based New Development Bank, which also has a similar infrastructure focus and is seen as one of BRICS’ major achievements.Xi’s announcement of an injection of new funds into the bank during the summit reaffirms China’s support for the fledgling financial institution.Larissa Wachholz, director of Vallya, a business and investment consulting firm based in Brasilia, Brazil, says it is good news for the bank, which issued its first loan at the end of last year."What will define the role of the BRICS in the upcoming decade will be its ability to get the New Development Bank to work and accomplish the mission for which it was established, which is to implement the expensive infrastructure projects which will guarantee mid-to long-term economic growth. That is key for us," she says.Whereas many emerging market economies have had turbocharged growth over the past three decades, there was emphasis on the quality of future growth at the summit.Many of the BRICS economies can no longer rely on old manufacturing-exporting models and now must restructure if they are to survive.President Xi said in his speech to the business forum that although this model had taken BRICS economies to the current level, they now need to embrace new technology."We should pursue innovation-driven development created by smart manufacturing, the ’Internet Plus’ model, digital economy and sharing economy, stay ahead of the curve and move faster to replace the old growth driver with new ones," he said.Stevens at Standard Bank says Xi was right to stress that quality of growth is now as important to the BRICS nations as the pace of it."He emphasized the importance of macroeconomic policy and industrial development policy coordination between the BRICS members, which was the right message. The group was never just about fast growth," he says.The economist adds that what will help them achieve this is the quality of their homegrown companies, many of them now dominant in global markets."When it was formed in 2006 the grouping had 40 companies in the Fortune Global 500 and now it has 160. It is therefore no surprise that President Xi spent nearly an hour speaking to the BRICS business community."Frankopan at Oxford believes one thing that was made clear at the summit is that China remains fully supportive of BRICS despite some suggesting it was prioritizing its Belt and Road Initiative."From China’s point of view it may as well play different hands of blackjack at different tables, whether this be BRICS, Belt and Road or British and US investment. China has got a lot of reserves, big muscles and is able to do things," he says."BRICS is not a busted flush. If things go right for these nations with having something like 40 percent of the world’s population, they have a chance of shaping the modern world."Mitter at the Dickson Poon China Centre agrees the BRICS nations have the potential to symbolize a new world order."At its best, BRICS should be more than the sum of its parts. It is not just about five countries that happen to be in different continents, it is actually about them symbolizing some wider form of global language, global rhetoric, a model of a world order that is different from the traditional Western-dominated one." (By Andrew Moody and Zhong Nan in Xiamen)From China Daily，2017-9-8
2017年9月11日 -
[China Daily] Wang Huiyao: Summit paves way for new globalization
As BRICS members move closer to the core of international issues, they also will be faced with more responsibilitiesDuring the recently concluded BRICS Summit in Xiamen, Fujian province, the members of BRICS and five other developing countries witnessed the process of new globalization based on the principles of equality and reciprocal and mutual benefit.As President Xi Jinping expressed during his keynote speech at the ninth BRICS Summit, the emerging-market and developing countries should work together to build an open world economy and promote inclusive and beneficial economic globalization.That’s the new globalization that pioneers global governance and provides a new platform and approach for the growth of the world economy. It will renovate the old pattern, which is dominated by developed countries and only benefits the people there.Both BRICS and the Belt and the Road Initiative are promoting economic, political, secure and cultural cooperation within larger areas around the world, seeking fairer positions and deserved rights for the developing countries and those from emerging markets and paving the way for free trade, new global governance and a new growth approach.Using the international cooperation system, China is on its way to creating a web against the de-globalization and anti-globalization trend, especially among developed economies.Building up the African Regional Center of the New Development Bank for the development of Africa and launching the Contingent Reserve Arrangement for financial stability in the group are two crucial steps for the enhancement and development of BRICS.On the basis of economic strategic cooperation, the BRICS Plus approach will improve the group’s popularity in the developing world.With regard to international security and order, BRICS countries want to build up more reasonable international order within the framework of United Nations, and hence the voices of developing countries and emerging markets could be heard more often.With the further development of e-commerce, the cooperation on online business among the BRICS nations could be an effective and labor-saving approach to overcome the traditional trade barriers they have encountered. The internet could link the five members of a mega market with more than 3 billion people, since China now has the leading e-commerce companies and advanced market and the others also have built a comprehensive cybernetwork and have many internet users.The Xiamen Summit also highlights the exchange of culture among the different regions. As the director of a Chinese think tank, the Center for China and Globalization, I totally understand the importance and difficulties of cultural communications between different peoples with diverse languages, habits and customs.Education is the precondition of development, and measures should be taken to attract more overseas students from among the members of the group. Thus the students would play the role of a bridge for the peoples of the BRICS members and transfer practical experiences back to their homelands.Besides education, the think tanks from different fields in the member countries should play a more important role in launching new systems or solutions, and establishment of a think tank league should be considered in order to promote the advancement of BRICS.Facing sluggish economic growth and security uncertainties, the world needs new solutions to offset the ebb. Instead of retreat choices like protectionism, China has chosen to be a beacon of multilateral trade and an open world economy.It is in this way that the world should find growth impetus, and more people can become involved in and benefit from international cooperation. BRICS sets a good example and also makes efforts to realize the above targets.China undoubtedly is the linchpin of the trend, and it should continue to play that role in the future. We can see that a new era is on its way and the new principles and international order are taking shape, as the Xiamen Summit indicates.One thing is for sure: BRICS will move closer to the core of the world and have more say on international issues. The next golden decade for this group not only means more measures for the world, but also more responsibilities for the group’s members.About Author Dr. Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), an independent think tank based in Beijing.From China Daily，2017-9-8
2017年9月11日 -
【China Daily】Globalization key to Belt and Road
August 30, the Beijing-based Center for China and Globalization invited Lady Barbara Judge, the first female chair of the UK’s Institute of Directors, to share her views about successful corporate governance among her nation’s top firms.Barbara Judge says she will contribute to the ’golden era’ of ties between the UK and ChinaThe head of one of the UK’s leading business organizations says China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be a major driver of globalization.Lady Barbara Judge, chairman of the Institute of Directors, speaking in Beijing on Aug 30, said it demonstrated China’s commitment to being a global economic force."Globalization and Belt and Road go hand in hand to drive global economic growth," she said.Judge, who was addressing an audience at The Center for China and Globalization, China’s leading independent think tank, said there was a potential for a "triple package" to drive global economic activity."The components of this package are, first, the positive forces of globalization; second, the potential of Belt and Road; and third, taking the spirit of ’reform and opening-up’ of China and embedding it into Belt and Road," she said.Judge, who was born in the United States and became the first female head of the organization, which is more than a century old, in 2015, said she was in "strong agreement" with President Xi Jinping and his strong support for globalization outlined in his Davos speech in January.She was hopeful he will renew that commitment when the leaders of the BRICS members - Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa - meet in Xiamen, Fujian province, for their ninth summit on Sept 3."There is great value in the positive advancement of globalization. Globalization is driven by businesses reaching out into the world. Chinese businesses going global will gain new momentum when combined with the Belt and Road Initiative."Judge arrived in Beijing following a visit to Kazakhstan, a key country to the Belt and Road Initiative, where she had attended a board meeting of the Astana International Financial Center, a new central Asian financial hub."I have seen with my own eyes the immense Belt and Road possibilities for Chinese businesses in Kazakhstan," she said.Judge said another of her roles was as UK business ambassador, and she wanted to do what she could to contribute to the "golden era" of relations between the UK and China.She said she wanted Chinese companies to follow the example of telecommunications giant Huawei by setting up a UK subsidiary with a UK board. Huawei UK is chaired by former BP boss Lord Browne. "The outcome for Huawei in the UK is that they have won the great treasures of complete trust and transparency." (By Andrew Moody)From China Daily，2017-9-1
2017年9月11日 -
【中新经纬】CCG秘书长：不认为有“海带” 留学生需形成自身比较优势
苗绿，CCG秘书长中国的综合国力、经济发展水平都在不断提升，为归国留学人员提供了沃土。 近日，全球化智库(CCG)与智联招聘联合发布了《2017中国海归就业创业调查报告》(以下简称《报告》)，重点反映了以80、90后为主的新生代海归的留学前后情况变化、回国发展现状、就业创业面临的问题，以及对于当前留学生回国发展的看法。 《报告》显示，截至2016年底，我国留学回国人员总数达265.11万人，仅2016年就有43.25万留学生毕业回国。根据教育部数据显示，2017年全国普通高校毕业生预计达795万人，相比2016年(765万)增加30万人。由此，新增海归人数已超过高校毕业生预计增量。 毕业、回国、找工作，是绝大多数留学生不可回避的“宿命”。然而，当海归们如潮涌般回流至国内，他们是否会面临不适？对于国内社会而言，这股“海归潮”是“新鲜血液”还是“就业压力”？近年来被许多人诟病“含金量大不如从前”的留学生们真实现状如何？ 全球化智库（ CCG）副主任兼秘书长苗绿就此接受中新经纬客户端专访，她立足海归现状，阐释理性“留学观”。“八剑下哈佛”是特例也是缩影 近日，八位曾共事于哈佛大学的中国博士集体回国，相聚于合肥市科学岛，继续他们对科研事业的追求，引发国内高度关注。媒体用颇具武侠气质“八剑下哈佛”来形容这段海归佳话。 在我国“聚天下英才而用之”的人才观背景下，苗绿指出，这既是特例，也是缩影。 “回国的留学生越来越多，形成了社区，而且随着中国国际化程度越来越高，留学生回国后也不会感觉是孤军奋战”，苗绿分析称，之所以说是特例，是因为这八位博士作为一个科研团队，需要相互依靠、共同进行他们的科研项目。而身为中国人的同胞身份和私交甚好的朋友关系，让他们成为一个整体，其中一两位的离开对于整个团队来说都是损失，所以集体回国是更好的选择。“不过，他们集体回国的前提是他们都认可中国的科研环境”，苗绿说道。 同时，苗绿指出，中国的综合国力、经济发展水平都在不断提升，为归国留学人员提供了沃土。从2008年开始实行的“千人计划”，从中央到地方，对留学归国的个人及团队予以支持；同样基于政府支持的创业园区、孵化器等创业基地和平台，也向全球中国留学生释放出“欢迎留学生回国创业”的信号。因此，八位博士集体回国，也是归国大军的缩影。客观看待当代海归 与上个世纪的公派留学生头戴“国内杰出人才”“专业领域精英”的光环相比，如今的留学生似乎远不及前辈们“吃香”。有不少人质疑如今的海归“出国就是花钱镀金，连英语都说不好”，甚至由“海归”引申出了“海带”一词，来形容留学只为混文凭，回国后仍一事无成的人。 根据《报告》中关于海归收入情况的数据显示，海归初次就业普通岗位占比近六成，40%以上海归的税后月收入低于6000元，月工资低于自身期望的占比达68.9%。 这看似不太乐观的调查结果，是否真正印证了海归“掉价”的质疑？ 针对《报告》结果，苗绿认为，当前归国留学生的薪资情况属于“正常现象”，尤其是对于刚刚毕业回国的海归们来说，初到工作岗位，在证明自身突出才能之前，“没有理由比国内毕业生获得更高的薪资待遇”。 “证明自己是一个长期的过程，应该看到留学带来的长远影响。留学生所具备的较高的国际化程度会在未来慢慢释放，比如国际化的意识、长远的眼光、宽阔的心胸等等。尤其是国际化意识，在企业的决策环节至关重要。”苗绿说道。 “我认为没有‘海带’”，苗绿表示，随着当前留学生越来越呈现出低龄化和大众化趋势，不论从留学生的数量还是年龄来看，都无需期待如今的留学生们也像过去的公派留学生一样，回国后个个都是高端人才。 “可以略微降低对留学生的期望值”，苗绿说，“对国内用人单位来说，不需要把他们都当作高端人才、行业精英。但应该看到他们身上国际化的能力和视野，发挥他们的优势，并将其用在需要的地方。” 根据《报告》结果，在1-3个月获得国内第一份工作的海归占比最高，为38.6%，89%的留学生能在半年内找到工作。苗绿指出，从获得工作耗时也可看出，当前的留学生仍然具备值得认可的素质。 同时，《报告》中另一组数据也反映出海归们对留学回国后发展状况的乐观评价。三分之一以上的海归认为留学收益大于成本，18.1%的海归认为收益与成本相当，两者相加超过50%；而30.3%的留学生认为可在3-5年收回出国经济成本，24.1%的人认为可在1-3年内收回成本。 苗绿指出家长和留学生自身也不要把留学效益过多寄托于就业情况和薪资水平，“看到了更大的世界，了解多元的文化，拥有了更宽广的视野和胸怀，丰富了人生经历，本身就是有意义的。而如果因为期望太高而产生差距，就会降低对整个留学生群体的评价，这是无益的。”她说。理性选择出国 不过，除认可当今留学生仍具备国际化程度较高的特点外，苗绿也指出，从专业选择来看，目前中国留学生过于集中在商科学科。《报告》显示，归国留学生中主修商科(金融、管理、经营、人力资源)的人数最多，占比近半数，为47.3%。 从留学生个人发展的角度出发，苗绿建议，避免盲目跟风选择“中国人扎堆”的专业，一方面能缓解就业竞争压力，另一方面也需根据自身优势、特点、兴趣及性格等特点选择适合自身发展的专业，形成自己的比较优势。 基于全球化的视野，苗绿表示，“中国目前是全球自由贸易的主要推动者。从去年在杭州举办G20峰会，到今年五月举办‘一带一路’国际合作高峰论坛，再到刚刚闭幕的2017年金砖国家峰会，中国扛起了推进全球化进程的大旗，我们对全球化的诉求是十分强烈的。” 她表示，在全球化进程的今天，国际化人才尤为我国所需，“留学生们在推动‘一带一路’建设的实施，助力中国企业‘走出去’，提升中国国际化程度等方面都将发挥作用”。 苗绿建议留学生将国家大势作为制定职业规划、事业目标的参考依据。比如，根据国务院印发的《中国制造2025》通知、“一带一路”建设等涉及的行业、领域，及其所需的人才类型，留学生们可据此来打造自身的比较优势，即“作为留学归国的国际化人才，和本土人才有哪些区别？是擅于中外交流，还是掌握某个领域的先进技术等等。”文章选自中新经纬，2017年9月9日
2017年9月11日