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【环球网】英国大选现“中国军团”11名华裔参与角逐
2015英国大选中,共有11名华裔候选人分别代表保守党、工党、自民党、绿党等政党,角逐国会议员席位,成为历届英国大选中华裔候选人数量最多的一次。对于从未出现过华裔国会下议院议员的英国来讲,此次选举有可能改写英国华人参政的历史。 在这11名候选人中,有父母上世纪迁入的二代移民,也有十多年前到英国留学的中国大陆学。此次华裔的集中出现,被《纽约时报》称为“英国大选中的中国军团。”英国华裔项目副主席威尔克斯更是形容为“华人打破政治天花板的开始”。 华人定居英国的历史已有200多年,英国现有华裔约50万,占总人口6400万的0.7%。中国与全球化智库(CCG)《中国国际移民报告》的数据,中国已经连续两年成为英国第一大移民来源国。数字之外,华裔新移民也呈现出不同的特点。中国与全球化智库《海外华侨华人专业人士报告》指出:与老一代“沉默者或隐形人”相比,新一代华人融入意识和参政意识加强,比老华侨更为积极。 对于新一代移民呈现出的新特点,中国与全球化智库主任王辉耀分析,由于语言障碍、文化差异以及当时居留国种族歧视等因素的影响,老一代华侨华人基本处于一种相对封闭的状态,生意圈子、生活圈子也局限于华侨华人社会。他们专注于自己的行业,对政治漠不关心,很少参与移入国的社会事务。他们通常有自己相对封闭的华人社区,有着强烈的“过客心态”与“叶落归根”情结。由于语言、文化的差异以及经济状况欠佳等因素,他们不主动融入移入国社会,对于移入国的政治、文化没有强烈的认同感,政治参与度也低。 “相对而言,改革开放以后移居海外的华裔新移民,特别是通过留学移居到海外的华侨华人,经过一二十年的拼搏,已经有一部分人在科技教育界、工商界崭露头角。随着中国的强大和国际地位不断提升、国际影响力不断增强,华侨华人在所在国的经济、政治和社会地位得到了极大改善。华侨华人专业人士具备受教育程度高、语言能力强、职业层次高、经济状况好的特点,他们的融入意识、参政意识与参政能力比老华侨有很大改观。他们正在以投票、选举、关注社区建设、组建华人社会团体等多种方式实现对移入国公共事务的参与。”王辉耀说。 近年来,华人在海外竞选、组建社团和政党的例子不断增多,他们作为移入国的居民,通过政治参与表达作为少数族群的政治诉求,推动了移入国当地的政治进程。1998年美国一流大学首位华人大学校长田长霖等人发起组织“80/20促进会”,号召亚裔特别是华裔集中选票支持善待亚裔的总统候选人。2011年在美国旧金山市长选举中,13名参选人中有5名华裔,李孟贤更是高调当选为旧金山历史上第一位华裔民选市长。2011年3月法籍华人吴振华就任法国执政党──法国人民运动联盟——政治局委员;2011年在英国地区议会5月举行的选举中,共有9名华人参加,6人获胜,其中5人以选区最高票获胜。2011年5月2011年5月加拿大总理哈珀组阁,在新内阁9名成员中,出现了加拿大历史上首位女性华裔部长。 2011年在加拿大卑诗省内的各市选举中,华裔参选者至少有43名,其中16人当选市议员和学务委员。当选华裔大多在温哥华、列治文和本拿比这3个华裔人口比例较高的城市。2013年在美国南加州3月和11月举行的地方官员选举中分别有8名和16名华裔当选,其中康佳琛被选为杜瓦提市首任华裔市议员。文章选自环球网,2015年5月8日
2015年5月11日 -
【中国日报】Tsinghua, Peking universities rise in global ranking
World expects these institutions to play a critical role in future, education expert saysTwo prestigious universities in China have moved up a world university ranking, which education experts said is a result of China’s continuing efforts to improve higher education and make universities more attractive.In the recently released Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings 2015, Tsinghua University moved to 26th place from 36th the previous year, and Peking University rose nine places to 32nd."This is a strong performance by China. Its two leading institutions have made gains in the reputation rankings, reflecting the country’s commitment to developing world-class universities," Phil Baty, the list’s editor, was quoted by Xinhua as saying."China’s growing stature should lead to further improvements, as a strong reputation helps universities to attract and retain more global talent and investment," he said.Baty’s judgment was echoed by Wang Huiyao, director of the Center for China and Globalization, a think tank in Beijing. Wang said the rising world reputation of the two universities reflected China’s growing impact in the world. "China has an impact on many aspects, including scientific research, and innovation and the GDP are growing. And the two prestigious universities, as pioneers and representatives of China’s research and innovation, will reflect the growth directly," Wang said.Positive attitude"A rise in the ranking position will undoubtedly add to Tsinghua University’s and Peking University’s attraction to international students and scholars, as well as domestic students," Wang added.Jiang Guohua, the academic committee director of the website cuaa.net, who has researched university ranking for years, agreed."Instead of saying that the world is appreciating the two Chinese universities, I would rather say the world is positive about the future of the Chinese economy," Jiang said. "Against such a backdrop, people believe that Peking University and Tsinghua University will play a more critical role in the future."Wang attributed the rise of the two universities’ positions in the ranking to the government’s attention and support, as well as the efforts made by the universities themselves.Statistics released by a research center at ShanghaiJiao Tong University last year showed that Tsinghua University, with more than 12 billion yuan ($1.9 billion) in funds each year-of which 4 billion yuan is used for research - topped all the universities in China. Peking University was also among the group of universities that enjoyed the largest amount of funding."This is a big deal, compared with many prestigious universities around the world," Wang said."Efforts the universities made in aspects such as supporting academic research, hiring top-class talent from around the globe and promoting international exchange and cooperation are also important factors," he added. However, Jiang said people shouldn’t be too excited about the rise.Xinhua said the 2015 World Reputation Rankings, based on 9,794 responses from 142 countries, differ from the annual Times Higher Education World University Rankings in being based on subjective judgment of teaching and research experts."It’s a ranking based on peer review," said Jiang. "It has significance. But a ranking that measures their research ability and contribution is of greater importance. In that sense, both Peking and Tsinghua have much more to do in order to be recognized as top-class universities of the world."(By Zhao Xinying)文章选自China Daily,2015年4月
2015年5月4日 -
【中国日报】Presidents with overseas doctorates more open to change
Presidents of China’s top universities who received their doctoral degrees overseas hired more top overseas talent during their terms, a recent study found.Researchers collected data from 27 of the best universities in China, called vice-ministry level universities. The study was conducted with full support from the central government by David Zweig; Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization, a Beijing-based think tank; and Kang Siqin, Zweig’s research assistant."The result indicates that compared with presidents who did not get an overseas PhD, presidents who gained their PhDs abroad are more willing and able to attract people who qualify for the top national programs, the 1000 Talents program run by the Organization Department of the CCP and the Changjiang scholars program run by the ministry of Education," said Zweig, study director and chair professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, on Tuesday at the International Forum on Global Migration and Development.The research analyzed 63 university presidents from 1999 to 2012 and sorted them into three groups: presidents who received their doctoral degrees from overseas universities, those who were visiting scholars at overseas institutes and universities for two consecutive years, and those who had no long term overseas research experience.The study found that about one-third of the university presidents received their doctoral degrees overseas, one third were visiting scholars and about one third had no long-term overseas research experience.For universities, having an overseas doctorate and being externally promoted means that the president is more willing to change existing cultures."Some universities and labs, the small units, have begun to change the ’small environment’ ... but there is still a long way to go before the best overseas are willing to return full time," Zweig said.The average number of years between their presidency and their days abroad is also lengthening. In 1999, the average number of years that a university president had been back from abroad was 15, while today the average number of years is 22, Zweig said.(By Luo Wangshu)文章选自《中国日报》,2015年4月27日
2015年5月4日 -
【中国日报】China to benefit from international migration: experts
World leading migration experts, from academia and practice fields, gathered in Beijing on Tuesday to discuss the country’s development based on international migration and strategies to attract international talent."China ranked No. 4 on the list of the largest migrants sending countries in the world in 2014. China is not a small player in global migration," said Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), a Beijing-based think tank, at the International Forum on Global Migration and Development.China has enjoyed the benefits of domestic migration in the past two decades. During the urbanization drive, migrant workers have moved to cities and have made tremendous contributions to the economy. It is now time that the country moves forward to enjoy the benefits of international migration, Wang added.Figure from the United Nation shows that 232 million people moved out of their native countries in 2013, 155 million in 1990, 178 million in 2000 and 214 million in 2010."Developed countries have particularly enjoyed the benefits of migration in technology and economy," Wang said, calling for Chinese authorities’ attention to establish a system to attract more international talent.The center published a report on Chinese international migration in March, analyzing migration affects from various perspectives."Overseas returnee talents value to be able to join the country’s development, to make history over pragmatic reasons, including wages and working environment," said Liu Xuezhi, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science, adding that the number of overseas returnees is highly correlated with the country’s GPD based on his study.China prioritizes attracting overseas returnee talent at current stage, Liu said, adding that the number of overseas returnees accounts for 90 percent of international talent working in China.Howard Duncan, executive Head of Metropolis Project, an international network to study migration, agreed."A very small number of foreigners, as top talents, are working in China, and majority of them are overseas returnees," he said.The Chinese government should be more confident to attract current active and young international talent to work in China, he suggested, adding that currently the government hires many retired professors and researchers.(By Luo Wangshu)From China Daily, April 27th, 2015World leading migration experts, from academia and practice fields, gathered in Beijing on Tuesday to discuss the country’s development based on international migration and strategies to attract international talent."China ranked No. 4 on the list of the largest migrants sending countries in the world in 2014. China is not a small player in global migration," said Wang Huiyao, president of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG), a Beijing-based think tank, at the International Forum on Global Migration and Development.China has enjoyed the benefits of domestic migration in the past two decades. During the urbanization drive, migrant workers have moved to cities and have made tremendous contributions to the economy. It is now time that the country moves forward to enjoy the benefits of international migration, Wang added.Figure from the United Nation shows that 232 million people moved out of their native countries in 2013, 155 million in 1990, 178 million in 2000 and 214 million in 2010."Developed countries have particularly enjoyed the benefits of migration in technology and economy," Wang said, calling for Chinese authorities’ attention to establish a system to attract more international talent.The center published a report on Chinese international migration in March, analyzing migration affects from various perspectives."Overseas returnee talents value to be able to join the country’s development, to make history over pragmatic reasons, including wages and working environment," said Liu Xuezhi, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Science, adding that the number of overseas returnees is highly correlated with the country’s GPD based on his study.China prioritizes attracting overseas returnee talent at current stage, Liu said, adding that the number of overseas returnees accounts for 90 percent of international talent working in China.Howard Duncan, executive Head of Metropolis Project, an international network to study migration, agreed."A very small number of foreigners, as top talents, are working in China, and majority of them are overseas returnees," he said.The Chinese government should be more confident to attract current active and young international talent to work in China, he suggested, adding that currently the government hires many retired professors and researchers.(By Luo Wangshu)From China Daily, April 27th, 2015
2015年4月30日 -
【新京报】领事保护中国还可做什么
文/中国与全球化智库主任王辉耀 随着“走出去”的公民和企业分布越来越广泛,领事保护遇到的问题越来越复杂,领事保护的经费筹措和成本支付问题也越来越突出。 尼泊尔8.1级超强地震后,中国飞机第一个到尼泊尔接回中国游客。26日晚8时20分许,亲历地震的115名乘客安全归国。近5年来,外交部领事保护中心与各驻外使领馆处理各类领事保护与协助案件数量年均3.5万-4万起,境外中国公民和企业面临的安全形势十分严峻。 此次,中国政府在公民撤离中表现出一个国家面对突发事件时对于国民的担当。但面对日益复杂的国际形势和迅速增长的出国人数,在领事保护方面,中国还可以做些什么? 中国目前的领事保护工作整体上主要仍以政府为主,而在发达国家主要采取的是政府、企业、非政府组织和个人共同参与、互相配合、相互补充的多元模式和格局。我们的传统模式具有“集中力量办大事”优势,能够在最短的时间内汇聚较大的资源参与海外公民和机构的保护,但随着“走出去”的公民和企业分布越来越广泛,领事保护遇到的问题越来越复杂,领事保护的经费筹措和成本支付问题也越来越突出。 在2014年的利比亚撤侨过程中,有关部门改变了政府大包大揽的做法,进行了改进的尝试,积累了新的经验。如何进一步规范政府、企业和公民个人的责权义务关系,探索合理有效的成本转移支付制度,仍然是需要进一步研究解决的问题,成本转移支付制度有待探索。 此外,领事保护工作涉及面广、综合性强。在目前的领事保护工作机制中,虽然建立了“五位一体”的工作机制,但在很大程度上还是依赖外交部领事保护中心的协调作用,地方、企业的主观能动性和责任感调动仍不够充分,存在“小马拉大车”的问题。一些国家在海外领事保护十分重视发挥非政府组织和商业性安保机构的作用,而如何结合中国的国情和实际情况,探索借鉴相关经验,仍然是一个新的课题。 随着中国企业和公民“走出去”的不断发展,公共外交和软环境建设也面临一些新问题。例如,近年来中国企业从“项目和人员走出去”向“资本走出去”的转变加速,越来越多的中国企业涉足国外高科技领域投资,追求高附加值投资,民营企业在对外投资中表现也日益活跃。企业在海外遇到的政治风险和法律风险随之上升,有时会因非经济因素被人为污名化和妖魔化,招致排挤和冲击,等等。面对这些新因素、新变化,有必要在领事保护与公共外交的结合方面与时俱进地进行研究,并有针对性地采取相应举措。 领事保护工作具有典型的窗口特征,领事保护工作信息的对外传播,是塑造良好国家形象、传递民间友好、促进中国与世界良性互动的重要抓手。同时,良好的国家形象和友好的民意基础,又是领事保护水平提升不可或缺的重要条件。为此,有必要进一步加大领事保护工作信息对外传播的力度,在实践中强化四个方面的“紧密结合”,为领事保护创新发展提供更为充分的综合保障。 具体而言,一是将领事保护信息传播与公共外交紧密结合,共同着力于塑造有利的舆论氛围和国家形象,营造有利于领事保护创新的软环境。二是领事工作信息传播与发挥侨务工作的传统优势结合,认真研究与华人华侨相关的重要法律问题,吸收借鉴国外相关经验,充分发挥海外华侨华人团体和组织的作用,增强海外“安全网”的厚度和弹性。 三是建立一支专门从事海外领事保护工作的工作队伍,及时发布、整理相关领事保护信息,加强网上舆情追踪和引导,在瞬息万变的信息时代掌握网络舆情主导权。四是将领事工作信息传播与公民安全教育紧密结合起来,开阔公民的国际视野,增进其对领事保护工作特质和海外安全形势的了解,增强其安全避险意识,倡导良好的行为规范,使领事保护更好地实现为“走出去”的中国公民实现自己的梦想保驾护航。选自《新京报》2015年4月29日A5专栏版
2015年4月30日 -
中国与全球化智库(CCG)打造全球领先智库
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【澎湃新闻】中国智库的春天来了吗?
阳光是否充足?温度是否适宜?雨露是否丰沛?土壤是否肥美?中国智库是能够做到有序发展,还是会野蛮生长? “重点建设50至100个国家亟需、特色鲜明、制度创新、引领发展的专业化高端智库。”2015年初,中办、国办印发《关于加强中国特色新型智库建设的意见》后,恐怕没有人会怀疑智库春天的到来。这份官方文件同时极富前瞻性地提到要“加强统筹协调,做好整体规划,优化资源配置,避免重复建设,防止一哄而上和无序发展。”要多元化,不要一哄而上 中国智库现在确实处在一个快速的发展期,可能与美国五六十年代有些接近,布鲁金斯学会约翰·桑顿中国中心主任、中国与全球化智库(CCG)学术专家委员会专家李成在2015年4月21日清华-布鲁金斯公共政策研究中心举办的中美智库高层论坛上如此表示。 李成认为,国际、国内和人才三方面因素促使着中国智库的迅速发展,其中的关键词是多元。“中国要发展智库,也许独立性不是它追求的目标,至少在短时间内是这样,也许多元性应该是它追求的目标。” 中国与全球化智库主任、《大国智库》作者王辉耀表示,就像中国当年搞多元化带来了经济市场的繁荣,如果在思想市场、政策研究市场引入多元化的话,一定也会带来繁荣,多元化对中国智库发展的作用不容小觑。 共识传媒集团总裁周志兴认为,短期内中国不一定能拥有像美国布鲁金斯这样的智库,但现在中国正在起步,中国有句话叫“有苗不愁长”,既然有了这个苗头,就有可能发展。 周志兴同时表示,多元化的概念不是很清楚,多元化有很多种。“一方面是智库形态的多元化,比如说有社科院的,有大学的,有民间的;另一方面是智库思想的多元化,有这样想的那样想的,这样说的那样说的。我觉得这些都是需要我们做的。多元化不应该只是形态的多元化,而应该是多种多样的多元化,很多多元化的集合。” 王辉耀也表示,多元化不应只是形式上的多元化,“要包括思想、形式、观点和探讨议题的多元化。” 李成提及王辉耀曾写过,假以时日,中国也会出现中国的布鲁金斯、中国的卡内基。李成表示,“我相信在未来十年二十年就会出现,但智库的发展需要一个过程,它不可能一下子就成为世界第一的智库或者世界最有名的智库,这需要一定的时间。”在这个过程当中,要学习他人的长处,学习他人的经验教训。 王辉耀认为,中国智库在进入快速发展的时期,需要注意的首要问题是,不能一窝蜂而上。“甚至有的咨询公司也说自己是智库,这样会把智库这个品牌做坏了。”王辉耀说,“我认为智库还是要跟公共政策有关的非盈利组织。如果要想盈利,那就是麦肯锡,就是波士顿咨询公司等,就不能称之为智库。”王辉耀建议,目前概念比较混乱的情况下,有必要做更进一步澄清。 在今年2月份发表在《联合早报》上的一篇文章中,中国全国政协外事委员会副主任、察哈尔学会主席韩方明对同样的话题予以了关注。 韩方明在文章中写道,“近两年来,中国特色新型智库建设不仅多次出现在中央文件中,而且得到了国家领导人的直接关注,智库这一概念想不火都难。”“于是,便出现了‘一哄而上做智库,争先恐后赶时髦’的趋势”,以及某些“看似热情却多少带有些大跃进味道的势头”。出谋划策,需要专业知识 布鲁金斯这场智库会议召开的十天前,在第十二期清华国际安全论坛上,清华大学当代国际关系研究院院长阎学通表示希望当天的讨论能够起到专业引领的作用时,也提到了“大跃进”一词。 阎学通说,“现在我觉得国际关系研究大跃进好像有点要来临了,各个单位都建立智库,所有大学都建立智库。我们人是比美国多,我们一定懂国际关系的人就比美国也多吗?想当年我们是建立的高炉多,但炼出的铁疙瘩是没有用的。今天也一样,写关于‘一带一路’报告的人很多,文章很多,但有用的未必很多。” 对于阎学通的这番话,当天与会的中国现代国际关系研究院原院长崔立如对澎湃新闻表示,“阎老师讲的那个(意思)我同意,实际上就是现在我们的能力还没有达到,我们对事物本身的了解,包括规律,认识程度其实还不够,然后我们就提出,甚至是马上要实现一些很大的目标。” “(阎学通)他举那个例子很对,就像我们大跃进的时候,就是我们很多人对炼钢的基本规律都还不懂,就去炼钢,认为能炼出钢来,实际上炼不出钢来。现在国际关系很多问题,包括一带一路也是,我们并没有研究明白,然后很多人就开始在那里提政策建议,实际上那些政策建议差距还很大,而且这个规模又比较大,上的人比较多,所以就有点大跃进。”崔立如说。 据澎湃新闻在中国知网全文搜索“一带一路”,显示2015年的结果为6249个,2014年为3269个;在百度上搜“一带一路”的话,则出现807万个相关结果。 “现在中国崛起,国际地位提升,人们民族自豪感在上升,这是一个客观(现象),哪个国家都会如此。当人们的民族自豪感上升之后,就产生一种政治冲动,加上人们不具备国际关系的知识,所以就认为这是一个不需要知识就能做的事儿。”阎学通告诉澎湃新闻。 “国际关系这个专业,很多人认为它门槛又低,不像数学物理化学,必须得有基础知识。很多人就认为这有什么呀,是人都会,不认识字都会。政治冲动,加上对这个专业的毫无了解,导致了(什么人)都敢上。对国际关系这门知识一点畏惧心都没有。”阎学通说。 阎学通对澎湃新闻表示,“因为政府要建智库,不少人都认为自己能当智库,自己能为政府出谋划策,其实这对专业知识要求非常高。这根本做不到。没有几个人能够出有实用价值的政策(建议),一般人是做不到的。”市场竞争,比行政手段好 在迎来春天的时候,中国智库如何既要多元化发展,同时又避免出现早年那种大炼钢铁的情况? 对此,察哈尔学会秘书长柯银斌回应澎湃新闻说,一个就是功能的定位,大家要不一样;在实现同一个功能时,大家的领域要不一样;在同一个领域里,大家的方式方法要不一样。“这三个层面的不一样加在一起,就不会出现你说的那种情况。功能定位,领域定位,方式定位,三个定位都很清晰,大家都不一样,是一个生态系统。” 共识传媒集团总裁周志兴则回应澎湃新闻说,“我认为你说那个情况,一定会出现,(智库)会大跃进式地涌现。” 但周志兴同时表示,“我觉得也没什么可怕,可以慢慢地调整,在实践的过程中,有的可能就被淘汰了,有的就被消化掉了,最后剩下的是好的。可能会有一些不好的现象出现,就是浪费了钱,浪费了时间,但是我想一个好的智库成熟,可能需要这一步。” “如果现在国家就采取调控的办法,说符合什么条件才能办,你这个不许办,他那个不许办,也可能把很多本来可以办好的都扼杀掉了。如果在市场中、竞争中,有好的智库出现,可能比行政手段好得多。”周志兴说。 布鲁金斯学会约翰·桑顿中国中心主任李成回应澎湃新闻说,“我觉得中国智库的发展,目前最忌讳的是雷同。它必须要有自己的特色,我也同意周先生讲的,大浪淘沙,必定会把很多淘汰掉。实际上这也不是中国的问题,很多其他国家,包括美国本身也存在这样的问题。” 李成表示,更重要的问题是,怎么处理好人才的竞争和智库本身的(机制)建设(institution building)。布鲁金斯学会有一百年的历史,它人才可以走动,但布鲁金斯的品牌创造出来了,所以两者是互动的关系。在这种情况下,有些小的智库也许会做得很成功,但最终它应该建立(机制),智库(前途命运)不应该是仅跟个人相关联,而更多应该是长久的发展,能够有特色,能够有延续性,这取决于它的自身建设。 “(智库建设)这方面有很多新的变化,这是好事情,也是非常正常的事情,我觉得不能批评过多,因为这是早期必然出现的现象。”李成说。文章选自澎湃新闻,2015年4月24日
2015年4月27日